Parental Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Impact of Parental Deprivation and Psychological Well-Being among Adolescent Orphans: A Systematic Review

The aim of this review is to systematically synthesize the published research work describing the impact of parental deprivation and psychological wellbeing outcomes among children and adolescents (ages 7–17 years). A range of psychological wellbeing outcomes was assessed (e.g., internalizing behaviors, psychotic symptoms, etc.) to fully understand the relationship between parental deprivation and psychological wellbeing in the context of orphan adolescents. Methods: Researches published in peer-reviewed journals from 2008 to 2021 were included. This study used online platform i.e., Research Gate, Google Scholar, Psyinfo, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science and found 20 articles from different countries (Saudi Arabia, Nepal, South Africa, India, China, Zimbabwe, Russia, and Ethiopia) that met the inclusion criteria. Results: There were 4 cross-sectional studies, 7 descriptive studies, 3 qualitative studies, 4 comparative studies, 2 mixed exploratory studies.  Results suggest that orphans have low levels of psychological stability, low level of self-esteem, and higher levels of mental health problems like anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression than non-orphans. Conclusion:Orphans suffered from low psychological well-being and poor mental health. However, both orphans and non-orphans have had good decision-making skills in social situations.

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, KEBERSYUKURAN, DAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING PADA ORANGTUA DENGAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS

Mentally healthy individuals can face all the challenges of life effectively. One of the indicators of mental health is the presence of psychological well-being. Parents who have children with special needs need to have high psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of conscientiousness and gratitude on psychological well-being on parents of children with special needs. This research is a quantitative study using Ryff's psychological well-being scales, Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), and conscientiousness taken from the HEXACO-PI-R scale. The subjects in this study were selected using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 55 parents who have children with special needs. The hypotheses were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that conscientiousness and gratitude have a simultaneous effect of 62% on psychological well-being in parents who have children with special needs. However, among the conscientiousness variables and the gratitude variable which has the most dominant influence on psychological well-being is the gratitude variable.

Psychological Well-Being of Parents with Hospitalized COVID-19 Infected Children in Bangladesh

Objective: Not only has COVID-19 caused unprecedented changes in every sphere of human lives, but it has also simultaneously triggered a wide range of psychological problems within the community. Naturally, parents are prone to being anxious about their children amidst this pandemic. This becomes particularly serious when their children are being affected and hospitalized due to exposure to COVID-19, leading to increased anxiety and depression. Our study aims to assess the level of anxiety and depression and the predictor factors for depression and anxiety among the parents of hospitalized COVID-19-infected children. Method: This cross-sectional study incorporated 160 parents of COVID-19 infected children who were admitted to Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, and Kurmitola General Hospital between April 2020 and October 2020. Result: The study has revealed that among the 160 participants, every one in five parents (19.37%) was suffering from moderate to severe anxiety, while 43.10% of parents were suffering from moderate and moderately severe depression. More than fifty per cent of the respondents were suffering from minimal anxiety (54.38%), while 43.80% of parents were suffering from minimal depression. City dwellers were more prone to developing both anxiety and depression. Conclusion: About 43.1% of parents suffered from moderate and moderately severe depression, while 54.38% of parents suffered from minimal anxiety. These parents need to be addressed, and proper support & intervention must be ensured.

Parental Attitudes, Intentions, Decisions, and Psychological Wellbeing Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination: Preschool, School-Age, and Adolescent Caregivers.

The vaccination of all children may be one of the most important public health measures for preventing a wider spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the community. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude, intention, decision making, and psychological well-being among the caregivers of children who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Taiwan. The caregivers of children (98 preschool children, 191 school-age children, and 154 adolescents) who received COVID-19 vaccination were invited to fill in the following questionnaires: Adopting Self-Protective Behavior Scale, Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale, Impact of Event Scale, Chinese Health Questionnaire, and Parental Bonding Instrument. Compared to the caregivers of adolescents, the caregivers of preschool children exhibited more protective behaviors toward the COVID-19 pandemic. The caregivers of preschool children also displayed a higher emotional impact than those of adolescents and took a greater interest in the family's opinion about vaccination. Finally, we found that COVID-19 ideological invasion and protective parenting style were significantly related to the prevalence of mental illness among caregivers. The results of this study can be used as an important reference for vaccination health care and policy formulation for adolescents with regard to COVID-19.

Comparing hope and psychological well-being in parents of disabled and healthy children

ABSTRACT The study aims to Compare Hope and Psychological Well-Being in Parents of Disabled and Healthy Children. The data collection was done in the period of October to November 2020 in Eqlid city of Fars province. 116 parents participated in the study. Miller Hope Scale (MHS) and psychological well-being questionnaire (PWB) were used to collect data. There is a difference between the parents of disabled and healthy children in terms of hope, and subscales of psychological well-being (P < .05). The results showed that parents of children with disabilities have lower levels of hope and psychological well-being compared to parents of healthy children.

Parental Autonomy Support and Psychological Well-Being in University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Autonomy Satisfaction

Background:University students, as emerging adults, have autonomy as one of their central developmental tasks. Parents need to provide an autonomy-supportive environment to encourage students to act based on their volition, benefiting their psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the effect of parental autonomy support on psychological well-being by the mediation of autonomy satisfaction.Methods:227 university students in Indonesia (21.6% male, 78.4% female) aged 18-24 years old (M = 20.73; SD = 0.93) participated in the study and completed an online survey. We used three validated Indonesian version questionnaires: Parental Autonomy Support, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration, and Psychological Well-Being.Results:The result shows that autonomy satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between parental autonomy support and psychological well-being.Conclusion:This finding supported the self-determination theory framework and implied the importance of parental autonomy support in enhancing university students' psychological well-being, especially in pandemic situations.

The effectiveness of an attention-based intervention for school-aged autistic children with anger regulating problems: A randomized controlled trial.

Anger regulation is a challenge for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated if attention-based cognitive behavioral treatment, based on mindfulness cognitive therapy (MBCT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), reduces aggressive behavior and improves anger coping in school-aged autistic children (n=51). Children were randomized to an active-control or a treatment condition. The treatment included nine weekly sessions attention-based individual therapy. Parents in both conditions received three weekly psychoeducation group sessions to heighten awareness of expressed emotion (EE). For aggressive behavior, treatment reduced temper tantrums and arguing. No effect was found on destroying things and physical violence. For anger coping, treatment increased adaptive coping strategies of diffusion and social support seeking, but had no effect on assertion, rumination, and maladaptive coping direct anger out and avoidance. Treatment did not impact secondary outcome measures concerning children's quality of life (QoL) and parental stress-levels and psychological well-being. In conclusion, school-aged autistic children are able to acquire self-regulation skills reducing temper tantrums and arguing and increasing the use of adaptive anger coping strategies. The intervention shows potential to improve behavior and regulation, but little transfer to other domains. Limitations and future directions involving the child's social environment, including parents, siblings, and teachers are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Children on the autism spectrum often show aggressive behavior. Treatment can train children to be more aware of their emotions. This study found that this can help reducing temper tantrums and arguing and increasing some coping skills, though no impact was found on several other domains of aggression and coping.

Parenting a Child with Learning Disabilities: Mothers’ Self-Forgiveness, Well-Being, and Parental Behaviors

Parenting a child with learning disabilities (LDs) can not only be a fulfilling experience, but also a challenging one which can increase parenting stress as well as impair parenting self-efficacy, parental psychological well-being and interactions with the child. Informed by the parenting three-term causal model and the parenting stress model, the present research explored whether self-forgiveness was inversely associated to these undesirable outcomes in mothers of a child with specific LDs. Mothers’ self-forgiveness for perceived failures in dealing with the child’s disabilities was expected to be associated with their psychological well-being and their parental behaviors and relation with the child, both directly and indirectly through parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. The hypothesized direct and indirect associations were assumed to be moderated by partner support. Data were obtained cross-sectionally from 92 mothers (M age = 43) of children (M age = 12) with diagnosed specific LDs. Self-forgiveness, conceived as a bi-dimensional construct, related to greater psychological well-being and to more accepting and less rejecting behaviors toward the child. For the negative dimension of self-forgiveness, these relations were mediated by parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy, whereas for the positive dimension of self-forgiveness the hypothesized mediational model was supported only for mothers who reported poor support from their partner. The implications for programs designed for parents of children with LDs are noted and several avenues for future research are described.

The Efficacy of Parent Training Interventions with Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Parenting children with developmental disabilities (DD) can be generally characterized by a considerable psychological burden. The effects on parental and familial psychological well-being and, consequently, on children’s developmental outcomes should not be underestimated, especially in early childhood. The current review aims to advance our understanding of the key factors (e.g., formats, sample characteristics, research design) that characterize parent training interventions, and that could be related to their outcomes, to guide researchers and clinical practitioners to develop and provide efficient programs. Studies were identified via an Internet search from three electronic databases, following PRIMSA guidelines. Studies published until November 2021 were taken into account. The initial search yielded a total of 2475 studies. Among them, 101 studies were fully reviewed. Finally, ten of the studies, which met all the inclusion criteria, formed the basis for this review. Participants’ characteristics, main features of the interventions (i.e., study design, structure, and contents), outcome variables and treatment efficacy were deeply examined and discussed. Key factors of parent training interventions with parents of children affected by DD are enlightened, to guide researchers and clinicians in the design and implementation of tailored specific programs, aimed to sustain parenting and foster children’s developmental outcomes, from early stages of life.

Parental psychological well-being and parental emotional warmth as mediators of the relationship between family socioeconomic status and children’s life satisfaction

Parental psychological well-being and parental emotional warmth as mediators of the relationship between family socioeconomic status and children’s life satisfaction

Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Physical, Psychological, and Socioeconomic Well-being Outcomes of Parents of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

BackgroundIt is well recognized that parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities can experience a considerable burden of care associated with their child’s disability, which can potentially impact their functioning and quality of life. Historically, the intervention efforts in pediatric rehabilitation have focused primarily on the child’s development and well-being and much less on parental and family well-being. The impact that a child’s diagnosis might have on parents remains unclear, and it is unknown how we can best support parents on their journey of childhood disability. It is, therefore, important to synthesize the published evidence on interventions for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities so that clinicians can be better informed about the ways in which families they work with can be supported.ObjectiveThis manuscript presents the protocol for a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve the physical, psychological, or socioeconomic well-being of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities when compared to usual care or no care.MethodsWe will systematically search 4 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) from the year 2000 until the search date, for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to improve parental physical, psychological, or socioeconomic well-being. Two authors will independently screen the titles and abstracts, which will then be followed by full-text screening. After the eligibility assessment, two reviewers will independently extract data and conduct a risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. We will assess the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. If the data allow, we will perform a pairwise meta-analysis or network meta-analysis. We plan to evaluate the coherence of the network with a global test by using the node-splitting method.ResultsAs of May 30, 2022, there have been two searches of data initiated: in September 2020 for articles published since 2000 and an updated search in January 2022 for articles published since 2020. We have screened all the titles and abstracts and performed eligibility assessment. However, the final number of references is still not available due to the additional information needed for some of the potentially eligible studies. The results from this systematic review will be published in an indexed journal within a year after this protocol is published.ConclusionsThis study is expected to identify a variety of programs to address the well-being needs of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and provide directions on how parents can best be supported within health care. Such interventions might help professionals and stakeholders in creating service delivery models that can enhance parental well-being and minimize the risks to their physical, psychological, and socioeconomic functioning.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021230706; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=230706International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/38686

The Relationship Between Qana'ah and Psychological Welfare of Parents Who Have Children with Special Needs in Pekanbaru City

Psychological well-being is a condition when individuals can accept their own shortcomings, have a purpose in life, can build good relationships with others, are independent from social pressures, and can control their environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Sana'a and the psychological well-being of parents who have children with special needs. The sampling technique in this study used a cluster sampling technique. The number of samples in this study were 130 samples at the Kasih Ibu Special School. The number of samples taken was 60 samples, at SLB Kinasih as many as 30 samples, at SLB Panam Mulia as many as 22 samples, and SLB Al-Faqih as many as 18 samples. The data analysis technique used Pearson's product-moment correlation technique. Hypothesis testing in this study used Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis technique to determine the form of the relationship between qana'ah trait variables on psychological well-being. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis for psychological well-being (Y) and qana'ah (X) characteristics with a sample of 150 obtained a (r) value of 0.711 and a Sig (2-tailed) value. ) or p 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05). meaning 'the hypothesis is accepted' means that there is a positive and significant relationship between the nature of qana'ah with psychological well-being. The correlation value of 0.711 is in the interval 0.60 – 0.80, meaning that between the qana'ah variable and the psychological welfare variable there is a strong correlation (Siregar, 2014). The resulting positive correlation shows the higher the qana'ah, the higher the psychological well-being. And vice versa, the lower the qana'ah, the lower the psychological well-being. In this study, qana'ah has an effective contribution of 50.5% and the rest is influenced by other factors of 49.5%.

Psychological Well-Being of Parents in Assisting Children in Online Learning

Online learning events carried out for students with ADHD certainly cause children to experience more difficulties, but parents also experience complex problems in assisting children's online learning during Covid-19. According to Ryff, mental well-being consists of six distinct dimensions. This study aims to determine the mental well-being of parents of ADHD children aged 6-12 years who are undergoing online learning based on Ryff's theory. This study uses a qualitative research design. The results of this study indicate that the parents' condition of mental well-being is quite low. Parents are still able to organize and make decisions when there is online learning. However, online learning affects the acceptance of their situation, fosters good relationships with others, manages and takes advantage of existing opportunities, sees the meaning of experiences before and after accompanying children to learn online and is not aware of their potential.

A Preliminary Study of COVID-19-related Stressors, Parenting Stress, and Parental Psychological Well-being Among Parents of School-age Children.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had substantial health, social, and economic effects on families. Consequent lockdowns and school closures heightened the burden on parents of school-age children. Many parents, while working from home, had to care for their children with restricted access to caregiver resources and to support their children’s education through homeschooling or remote learning provided by their schools. These duties created challenges and pressures on parents. Using online survey data collected from 197 parents of school-age (Prek-12) children during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., this preliminary study examined the relations among COVID-19-related stressors, including fear of COVID-19 and problems associated with school closures, parenting stress, and parental psychological well-being. Fear of COVID-19 and various issues associated with school closures were related to parenting stress and parental well-being. Parents with less instrumental and emotional support reported higher levels of parenting stress and lower levels of psychological well-being. The results of hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that parenting stress was the strongest predictor of parental psychological distress. Social support was associated with parental well-being but did not mediate the relation between parenting stress and parental well-being. The findings suggest that parenting stress during the COVID-19 lockdowns might take a toll on the mental health of parents of school-age children. Parents of school-age children need multiple layers of support, including targeted support addressing stressors related to school closures and parenting under quarantine.

Assessing Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Parents of Children Returning to K-12 Schools: A U.S. Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background and Purpose: While impacts of the pandemic on family well-being have been documented in the literature, little is known about the psychological challenges faced by children and their parents as schools reopen after mandated closures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if sending children back to in-person school impacts the mental health of parents and the perceived mental health of their children. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a nationally representative, non-probability sample of parents or guardians (n = 2100) of children attending grades K-12 in the United States (U.S.) through a 58-item web-based survey. The univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean scores of parental Coronavirus anxiety and Coronavirus obsession were significantly different between race/ethnic groups of parents. Parents with children going to private schools had significantly higher mean scores for Coronavirus anxiety and obsession compared to parents whose children are attending public schools. Nearly 55% of parental Coronavirus anxiety was explained by the generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, child’s vulnerability to infection, and school type of the child. Similarly, 52% of parental Coronavirus obsession was explained by the generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, child’s vulnerability to infection, and social phobia of the children. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on psychological well-being of parents and their school-going children. Findings of this study will inform policy makers in developing targeted interventions to address unique needs of families with school-going children.

Evaluating the experiences of parents of children with cancer engaging in a mobile device-based resilience training programme: a qualitative study.

PurposeA mobile device-based resilience training programme has been found to improve psychological well-being in parents of children with cancer. However, the essential elements underlying the programme’s efficacy and the factors that affect parents’ advocacy of the online resilience training remain unknown. This study explored the lived experience of engaging in a mobile device-based resilience training programme in parents of children with cancer.MethodsA descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Parents of children with cancer who had received the mobile device-based resilience training in a previous randomised controlled trial were selected to attend one-to-one semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded. Data were analysed using Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method.ResultsTwenty-one parents, comprising 15 mothers and 6 fathers, of children with cancer participated in the interview. The two following themes were identified: perceptions about the training (be beneficial for psychological well-being, be beneficial for parent–child communication and be beneficial for coping) and evaluation of the training (increased knowledge and skills, be satisfied with the intervention form and content, challenges to adhere to the programme and recommendations for future interventions).ConclusionThis study explored which features of a mobile device-based resilience training programme improved the psychological well-being of parents of children with cancer. Its findings highlight the importance of providing a resilience training programme that is based on the parents’ intervention form preferences and their mental health needs.Trial registrationNCT04038242, registered 17 July 2019.

Filial piety matters: A study of intergenerational supports and parental health

Eldercare has become a major challenge in China. As intergenerational support from children remains the primary source of caregiving, this paper investigates the impact of such support on parents' health outcomes. Exploiting data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we adopt the Heckman selection model and ordered probit model with instrumental variables, the firstborn son and firstborn daughter, to control for the potential endogeneity existing between intergenerational support and parents’ health outcomes. Our results suggest that intergenerational support, including emotional and financial support, is effective in improving parental health status, including physical and psychological well-being and performance of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Emotional support also improves parental cognition. Children have trade-offs between emotional and financial support. Our findings provide insight into more efficient healthcare for the elderly.

Who suffered most? Parental stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

Objective: This study examines gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parental psychological wellbeing (parenting stress and psychological distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.&#x0D; Background: The dramatic shift of childcare and schooling responsibility from formal institutions to private households during the pandemic has put families under enormous stress and raised concerns about caregivers' health and wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming media attention to families’ wellbeing, to date limited research has examined parenting stress and parental psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Germany.&#x0D; Method: We analyzed four waves of panel data (N= 1,771) from an opt-in online survey, which was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable OLS regressions were used to estimate variations in the pandemic's effects on parenting stress and psychological distress by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.&#x0D; Results: Overall, levels of parenting stress and psychological distress increased during the pandemic. During the first and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers, parents with children younger than 11 years, parents with two or more children, parents working from home as well as parents with financial insecurity experienced higher parenting stress than other sociodemographic groups. Moreover, women, respondents with lower incomes, single parents, and parents with younger children experienced higher levels of psychological distress than other groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parents' psychological wellbeing increased among the study participants during the pandemic.

Parenting and child adjustment in families with primary caregiver fathers.

Although greater attention has been paid to fathers' involvement in caregiving in recent decades, there is limited understanding of families with primary caregiver fathers (PCFs), particularly in terms of parental psychological health and parenting quality. Findings are presented from a study of 41 PCF, 45 primary caregiver mother (PCM), and 41 dual-earner (DE) families in the U.K. with children aged 3-6 years. Standardized interviews and questionnaires on parental psychological well-being, parenting and child adjustment were completed by fathers, mothers, and teachers. No differences were found between family types on any of the measures. However, multilevel modeling showed that increased parental stress was associated with greater child difficulties irrespective of family type. Overall, the findings revealed that the PCFs were well-adjusted to their parenting role and showed no differences in quality of parenting to PCMs. The study findings challenge the assumption that women are more suited to primary caregiving than men. Policy implications for fathers and their families are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Effects of Child Sexual Abuse T.V. News Stories on Psychological Well Being of Parents in Lahore, Pakistan

Child sexual abuse is a severe problem that is penetrating Pakistan. This is important that how media is covering the issue of child sexual abuse as the audience is highly influenced by media. This study examines the effects of child sexual abuse T.V. news stories on the psychological well-being of parents. By applying purposive sampling, a sample of 100 parents from Lahore is selected. A survey method is employed to collect data from parents. Chi-square is applied to test the hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Results revealed that the majority of respondents agreed that news stories on child sexual abuse cases affect negatively and create distrust, stress, anxiety and fear among parents.