Parental Permission Research Articles

The role of parents’ gender in parenting attitudes and parental permission to engage in risky play

ABSTRACT Play is an essential activity for various developmental aspects of the early childhood years and sometimes this activity includes taking risks, a mixture of emotions ranging from fear and feeling out of control to thrills and enjoyment. However, parents’ fears, anxieties and expectations related to their children’s safety may discourage children from engaging in risky plays. The aim of this research is to examine the role of parents’ gender in parenting attitudes and parental permission to engage in risky play. The sample consisted of 341 parents of four- to six-year-old children, and the data collection relied on Ünüvar and Kanyılmaz’s (2017) Scale of Allowing Risky Play and Karabulut Demir and Şendil’s (2008) Parental Attitude Scale. Data analysis established that the interaction effect between parents’ gender and number of children and between parents’ gender and educational level were statistically significant for whether they would permit risky play. However, there was no significant interaction effect on parenting attitudes between their genders. Finally, parents with democratic and permissive parenting styles were more likely and those with authoritarian and overprotective styles were less likely to allow risky play.

Implementation Of The PERSIJU Program (Half-Day Friday Camp) For The Project Of Strengthening The Pancasila Student Profile In Early Childhood Education

Preschool Children are children who still need examples and direction in carrying out daily activities. Considering that ages 5-6 years interact more with the environment around them. One of the PERSIJU activities (Friday Half Day Camping) which is routinely held every 2 weeks. Persiju is an activity that gives children freedom to interact, practice socializing and practice independence and solidarity with their friends. The aim of this research is to train children's independence, socialization and hone the social skills of children aged 5-6 years as well as supporting and inhibiting factors. The research method used is qualitative. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews with supervisors, school principals and class teachers and documentation. The results of the research show that children are very enthusiastic about taking part in Persiju activities held at school, children actively participate in a series of Persiju game activities both independently and in groups which are carried out outside the classroom with the teacher. The role and support or permission of parents is one of the supporting factors in training independence, as well as honing the social skills of children aged 5-6 years, social skills that appear to include conversation, mutual understanding, cooperation, openness, empathy, motivation, positive feelings and feelings of equality. The inhibiting factor is facilities and infrastructure that still need to be added.

Adult Familial Influences on Rural Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Youths’ E-Cigarette Use

Background: Over the past decade, youth e-cigarette use has grown into a national epidemic, with Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) youths’ rates among some of the highest in the nation. Family factors significantly contribute to NHPI youths’ decisions to engage in or resist substance use, yet few studies have specifically examined familial influences on NHPI youths’ substance use decision-making and behaviors. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine adult familial influences on rural NHPI youths’ decisions to engage in e-cigarette use. Method: Seventeen gender-specific focus groups with NHPI youths (N = 69) from eight public schools on Hawai’i Island were conducted. Results: Two family-related themes emerged from the data: 1) parental substance use permissiveness, and 2) family normalization of e-cigarette use. Conclusions: Examining adult familial contributors to NHPI youths’ e-cigarette use needs to be part of a comprehensive effort to address NHPI health and substance use disparities. Prevention interventions should be explicit in addressing the family and relational context of NHPI youths’ substance use.

Pediatric Assent in Clinical Practice: A Critical Scoping Review

Background This study assesses how pediatric assent is conceptualized and justified within the therapeutic context. Pediatric ethicists generally agree that children should participate in medical care decisions in developmentally appropriate ways. Much attention has been paid to pediatric assent for research participation, but ambiguities persist in how assent is conceptualized and operationalized in the therapeutic context where countervailing considerations such as the child’s best interest and parental permission must also be weighed. Methods Searches were conducted in 11 databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Articles published between 2010 and 2020 were screened in COVIDENCE for meeting each of four criteria: (1) focusing on pediatric assent, (2) focusing on clinical care, (3) including normative claims, and (4) containing substantive statements about the meaning of pediatric assent. Full texts were abstracted for (1) operational definitions of assent, (2) discussion of the temporal nature of assent, (3) description of the concept of “understanding,” and (4) ethical justifications for soliciting assent. These excerpts were coded and code patterns formed themes presented in the results. Results The final analytic data set contained 29 articles. Analysis yielded three key themes. First, valid assent varies by treatment, population (e.g., younger versus older), and geographic/cultural context. Second, assent represents two distinct longitudinal processes: One involves eliciting preferences over a disease course or care episode; the other focuses on children’s developmental maturation. Third, ethical justifications for assent draw variously on instrumental and intrinsic reasons, but often remain ambiguous. Conclusions There is widespread agreement that assent is morally valuable, but there remain substantial ambiguities or disagreements about its meaning, process, and ethical justification.

Substance Use and Its Relationship With Attachment and Early Maladaptive Schemes in Adolescents in Ecuador.

Given the scarcity of studies addressing substance consumption and its relationship with attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas in adolescents, the present study is proposed. Aims of this study are to analyze the relationship among attachment styles, early maladaptive schemas, and substance use; test the predictive role of attachment styles on substance use; and observe the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and substance use. The sample consisted of 1533 adolescents from Ecuador (53.9% males) aged between 14 and 18 years (M=15.76; SD=1.25). The attachment styles of security, value to parental authority, parental permissiveness, parental interference, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents, childhood trauma, and family concern predict substance use (tobacco, alcohol, tranquilizers/sedatives or sleeping pills, hashish or marijuana, cocaine, GHB or liquid ecstasy, ecstasy, amphetamines/speed, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants/volatiles), and the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas is confirmed (explained variance up to 33.33%). Identifying risk or vulnerability factors, such as attachment and early maladaptive schemas related to substance consumption, is especially relevant for designing and implementing preventive interventions in the adolescent population.

Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Keagamaan dalam Membentuk Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo

This research is motivated by the problem of moral and moral degradation of students which is currently widespread. Therefore, religious extracurricular activities at MTs Darul Ulum Waru are present as a curative solution for the current generation and preventive for future generations. This article is the result of field research using qualitative research methods. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Then the data results were analyzed using descriptive research. The results of the research show that the formation of Islamic religious education values ​​in students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo has begun to appear, is developing well and has begun to be implemented in everyday life. The factors that influence continuity during the activity process are oneself, teachers, family and the environment. The internal supporting factors include the many parties who support the continuity of activities, the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure, the high level of enthusiasm of students. Meanwhile, externally, namely competent trainers, extensive organizational relationships and various events/competitions at various levels. Internally, the problems found were the low interest of students in taking part in extra qiro'ah and the busyness of trainers, while from an external perspective, namely parental permission.

Empowering Adolescents: Exploring the Relationship between Self-Esteem and Test Anxiety

Background: Test anxiety is a major cause of student non-performance, despite adequate preparation. This paper is part of a multi-centric youth behavior study project done in 2022 by the Association of Adolescent and Child Care in India (AACCI). Aims: to study self-esteem and test anxiety in school children. Methods: The tools used were RSES- Rosenburg Self-esteem Score (scores >25 are considered high self-esteem and FTAS- Freidben Test Anxiety Scale (scores > 7 are considered significant). Sample: 242 students (10-18 years) studying in a coaching class in Aurangabad (males 53.31%, females 46.69%). Validity & reliability: The RSES - Guttman scale coefficient of reproducibility is 0.92, indicating excellent internal consistency. Test-retest reliability over 2 weeks reveals correlations of 0.85 and 0.88. FTAS- the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the total and the three sub-scales of the FTA (range: .81-.91validity, 0.82 (girls) and 0.84 (boys). It has also been shown to be significantly correlated with peer evaluations of the degree to which test-related stress is experienced (Total: 0.54; Fear of Social Derogation: 0.52; Cognitive Obstruction: 0.64; and Tenseness: 0.78. Ethical issues: This project has been cleared by the AACCI IEC. Parental permission and assent of students were taken. Statistical analysis was done using t-test/ANOVA by GNU PSPP. Results: Analysis of our data showed that this sample had significant mean test anxiety scores: total FTAS (9.19±5.37). SD-Social Derogation (3.84±2.61), CO-Cognitive Obstruction (2.46±2.17), and T-Tenseness (2.88±1.95). Females showed higher scores - total FTAS (10.23±5.10) and SD (4.40±2.54). A strong correlation was found between FTAS score and SD factor across all ages with the strongest positive correlation coefficient for early adolescent female students r (24) =.92, p<.001. Conclusion: Females had higher test anxiety scores, and lower self-esteem scores and will need specific intervention. Being judged by marks affects the self-esteem of adolescents. SD factor was significant across ages in this sample. AACCI conducts awareness programs for parents and teachers to reduce social pressure on children given high SD scores. We also conduct intervention programs for improving CO scores by instilling good study skills and habits and relaxation and stress relief methods to reduce T scores in the context of test anxiety.

Benefits and Harms of Proposed Social Media Legislation

This Viewpoint identifies potential strategies to address issues in adolescents’ use of social media and cautions against the premature adoption of some strategies, such as parental permissions and age restrictions.

The Responsibilities of Business Actors and The Legal Implications of Minors Purchasing Online Mobile Game Credits

Children’s interactions and lifestyles worldwide have greatly benefited from the expansion of the internet gaming sector. However, the practice of minors purchasing and reselling online game certificates has prompted concerns about the accountability of corporate operators and potential legal repercussions. In the context of minors purchasing online game vouchers, this study investigates the responsibilities of commercial actors and the legal implications. This research methodology uses a normative legal approach to gather data from the literature, relevant judicial judgments, statutes, and regulations. This analysis aims to comprehend corporate actors' accountability, legal ramifications, and parents' function in this type of transaction. The findings demonstrated that business actors who offer online game vouchers have a duty to uphold the legitimacy of transactions. Businesses have a responsibility to make sure that such transactions adhere to ethical and legal standards, even though many laws forbid minors from engaging in transactions without their parent's permission. The legal ramifications of minors purchasing and selling online game vouchers may include possible violations of consumer rights, the protection of personal data, and provisions of contracts that may be void owing to age restrictions. Monitoring and limiting their children's access to these kinds of transactions is a crucial responsibility for parents. Collaboration between commercial actors, the government, and parents is required to maintain the integrity and protection of children in online game voucher purchasing and selling operations.

US Immigration Policy Stressors and Latinx Youth Mental Health

The youth mental health crisis is exacerbated for Latinx adolescents, a group whose families are targets of anti-immigrant rhetoric and policy. To investigate how immigration-related stressors are associated with disruptions in parent-child relationships and, in turn, the mental health symptoms of Latinx adolescents. Data for this prospective cohort study of adolescent-mother dyads were derived from surveys completed at 3 time points spanning 4 years (time 1 [T1] in 2018, time 2 [T2] in 2020, and time 3 [T3] in 2022). Mediation analyses estimated paths from immigration-related stressors to parent-child relationship qualities to mental health symptoms from early to late adolescence. Multivariable and multivariate linear models within a structural equation modeling framework regressed mediators and outcome variables on their own T1 values, offering a scientifically rigorous test of mediation. The setting was a school district in suburban Atlanta, Georgia, and included Latinx adolescents (ages 11-16 years) randomly selected from grade and gender strata. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to March 2024. The primary independent variables were T1 mother reports of anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification and adolescent reports of family member detention or deportation. Mediating variables were the reports of parental support and parent-child conflict of T2 adolescents. T3 adolescent reports of past 6-month internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A total of 547 Latinx adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [1.0] years; 303 female [55.4%]; 244 male [44.6%]) were included in this study. Response rates were 65.2% (547 of 839) among contacted parents and 95.3% (547 of 574) among contacted adolescents with parental permission. Four-year retention rates were 67% (366 of 547 adolescents) and 65% (177 of 271 mothers). Structural model results showed that T1 anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification was associated with T3 increases in externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 increases in parent-child conflict (β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08). For girls, T1 family member deportation or detention was associated with T1 to T3 increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 declines in parental support (internalizing: β = 0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08; externalizing: β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.07). Sensitivity analyses supported structural model findings. Results of this cohort study suggest that legislative bodies, the health care system, and educational institutions should implement safeguards to mitigate potential harm conferred by anti-immigrant environments for parent-child relationships and, in turn, Latinx adolescents' mental health.

Cognitive, social, and mental health functions of refugee children – screening and supportive actions at school: a study protocol

BackgroundDespite a world-leading educational system, an achievement gap in educational outcomes exists between children of refugee background and native-born peers in Finland. To offer targeted support for children at schools, we need to be able to reliably assess and understand the interplay of the aspects of children’s cognitive, social, and mental health functions that may explain the underachievement of refugee children.This study tests a novel research-based, universally applicable screening battery for evaluating cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of children at schools and planning supportive actions. It aims to answer research questions about a) the cognitive, social, and mental health functioning of refugee children compared with non-refugee immigrant and native-born children, b) the interplay of these different functions among refugee and other children, c) whether implementing a screening battery can inform schools in planning supportive actions for (refugee) children, and d) whether such supportive actions result in improvements in cognitive, social, and mental health functioning.MethodsFour hundred fifty children aged 10–12 will be recruited from primary schools, including 150 children of refugee background, 150 of non-refugee immigrant background, and 150 native-born Finnish children. A screening battery including tasks and questionnaires on different aspects of cognitive, social, and mental health functioning will be used to assess the children in their classrooms at the start and end of a school year. Supporting information will also be collected from parents and teachers. The information gathered will be collated into class-level feedback reports for teachers and, with parental permission, individualized reports for multiprofessional student welfare bodies, for informing supportive actions. Correlational and latent profile analyses, ANOVAs, and linear regression will be used to answer the research questions.DiscussionThis study will help clarify how the interplay of cognitive, social, and mental health factors may explain underachievement at school among refugee children. It will provide evidence about the extent to which a standardized screening battery could be helpful in informing and planning supportive actions for children at schools, and whether such supportive actions can lead to positive cognitive, social, or mental health outcomes.Trial registrationThe study will be preregistered on the Open Science Framework.

Commercial Cannabidiol for Community-Based Young Adolescents: Predicting Medicinal Use.

Objectives: Cannabidiol (CBD) is rising in popularity, including as a potential medicinal product. Yet data on use of commercial CBD for medicinal or health reasons in adolescents are lacking. In this study we aim to detail characteristics of adolescents given commercial CBD for health reasons (health CBD [hCBD]) and to investigate predictors of use. Materials and Methods: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is a population-based cohort study following U.S. healthy, community-based adolescents annually, with data from 2018 to 2022 (11- to 15-year-olds; N=11,189). Participants and caregivers completed questionnaires, including whether adolescents were given CBD with parent or doctor's permission. Participants reported past-month pain, attention problems, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and total mental health problems. Caregivers reported youth sociodemographics, sleep problems, whether the youth had mental health treatment or sought medical treatment, and rules about recreational cannabis use. We describe youth given hCBD, and run generalized estimating equations predicting odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals of adolescents given hCBD by mental health, physical health, or sociodemographics of factors. Results: Of the 11,189 participants across up to three waves of data, 48% were female. Mean age across waves was 12.8 years old (SD=1). In total, 307 (2.8%) were given hCBD. Common administration methods were oil (42%), topical (31%), and edibles (29%). Increased hCBD odds were associated with being older (OR=1.32 [1.17-1.49]), White (relative to Black, OR=05.97 [2.81-12.65] or Hispanic, OR=1.82 [1.17-2.82]), parents with some college (relative to no high school diploma, OR=3.55 [1.09-11.6]), internalizing symptoms (OR=1.81 [1.13-2.91]), mental health treatment (OR=1.76 [1.3-2.38]), pain (OR=1.38 [1.09-1.76]), medical treatment (OR=1.39 [1.08-1.79]), and sleep problems (OR=1.69 [1.27-2.25]). Rules against recreational cannabis decreased odds of hCBD (OR=1.75 [1.30-2.36]). Conclusions: Findings indicate some healthy adolescents are given hCBD, and predictors of use include mental and physical health concerns, being White, older, and parents with some college education. Providers should ask if their youth patients are being given CBD medicinally, and transparently discuss potential benefits, consequences, and unknowns of CBD.

Reproductive behaviors among school-based health center clients in New Mexico.

School-based health centers (SBHCs) are an evidence-based model for providing contraceptives to adolescents. SBHCs ability to provide reproductive health services is often limited by school district policies, state laws, and health center policies. We used data from the Teens Exploring and Managing Prevention (TEMPO) study to document demographic characteristics and birth control methods among patients at four SBHCs in New Mexico. A total of 264 teens were included in the baseline data collection at SBHCs in New Mexico. A baseline survey was administered via iPad, that specifically focused on questions related to sexual experiences and sexual health topics. Baseline questions included demographic questions, gender identity, sexual orientation, reasons for visits, reproductive practices, and birth control methods. Descriptive statistics were calculated, including means and standard deviations for continuous variables and categorical frequencies. Our findings present reproductive health behaviors among New Mexican patients attending schools with SBHCs. More than 74% of respondents were Hispanic or Latino. The most common reason teens went to the SBHC was for birth control, and just 62% of teens reported using birth control methods in the past. These behaviors are essential for policymakers to consider as they address policy gaps, the complex landscape of parental permission, reproductive rights, and health as a human right.

Clinician perspectives on adolescent cannabis-related beliefs and behaviors following recreational cannabis legalization

BackgroundAs more states legalize cannabis, studies are needed to understand the potential impacts of recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) on adolescents from the perspective of clinicians who care for them. MethodsThis qualitative study characterized clinician perspectives on whether cannabis legalization is associated with changes in adolescents’ cannabis use beliefs, behaviors, and consequences. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 clinicians in a large healthcare organization from 9/6/2022–12/21/2022. Video-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsThe 32 participants (56.3 % female, mean [SD] age, 45.9 [7.6] years; 65.3 % non-Hispanic White) were from Addiction Medicine (n = 13), Psychiatry/Mental Health (n = 7), Pediatrics (n = 5), and the Emergency Department (n = 7). Clinicians described post-RCL increases in adolescent cannabis use, use of non-combustible modes and high-potency products, and younger age of first use. Clinicians reported social, physical, and policy changes, including changes in social norms, appealing advertisements, marketing, and easier access. Many noted fewer perceived harms among adolescents and greater self-medication post-RCL. They described how RCL contributed to increased parental cannabis use and permissiveness around adolescent use. Finally, many described post-RCL increases in cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, and several noted increased cannabis-related psychosis and acute intoxication, and decreased court-mandated treatment. ConclusionsClinicians from diverse specialties described post-RCL increases in adolescent cannabis use and cannabis-related consequences, alongside changes in social norms, access, marketing and advertisements, and decreased perceptions of harms. Findings can inform strategies to support adolescents in the context of increased cannabis availability and acceptability post-legalization and support the development of hypotheses for broader-scale quantitative work.

Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use Risk in Adolescent Patients of Pediatric Primary Care Offices: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Alcohol and other substance use disorders usually begin with substance use in adolescence. Pediatric primary care offices, where most adolescents receive health care, are a promising venue for early identification of substance use and for brief intervention to prevent associated problems and the development of substance use disorder. This study tests the effects of a computer-facilitated screening and brief intervention (cSBI) system (the CRAFFT [Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble] Interactive System [CRAFFT-IS]) on heavy episodic drinking, riding with a driver who is substance impaired, or driving while substance impaired among adolescents aged 14 to 17 years presenting for a well visit at pediatric primary care practices. We are conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial of the CRAFFT-IS versus usual care and recruiting up to 40 primary care clinicians at up to 20 pediatric primary care practices within the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Clinicians are randomized 1:1 within each practice to implement the CRAFFT-IS or usual care with a target sample size of 1300 adolescent patients aged 14 to 17 years. At study start, intervention clinicians complete web-based modules, trainer-led live sessions, and mock sessions to establish baseline competency with intervention counseling. Adolescents receive mailed recruitment materials that invite adolescents to complete an eligibility survey. Eligible and interested adolescents provide informed assent (parental permission requirement has been waived). Before their visit, enrolled adolescents seeing intervention clinicians complete a self-administered web-based CRAFFT screening questionnaire and view brief psychoeducational content illustrating substance use-associated health risks. During the visit, intervention clinicians access a computerized summary of the patient's screening results and a tailored counseling script to deliver a motivational interviewing-based brief intervention. All participants complete previsit, postvisit, and 12-month follow-up study assessments. Primary outcomes include past 90-day heavy episodic drinking and riding with a driver who is substance impaired at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. Multiple logistic regression modeling with generalized estimating equations and mixed effects modeling will be used in outcomes analyses. Exploratory aims include examining other substance use outcomes (eg, cannabis and nicotine vaping), potential mediators of intervention effect (eg, self-efficacy not to drink), and effect moderation by baseline risk level and sociodemographic characteristics. The AAP Institutional Review Board approved this study. The first practice and clinicians were enrolled in August 2022; as of July 2023, a total of 6 practices (23 clinicians) had enrolled. Recruitment is expected to continue until late 2024 or early 2025. Data collection will be completed in 2025 or 2026. Findings from this study will inform the promotion of high-quality screening and brief intervention efforts in pediatric primary care with the aim of reducing alcohol-related morbidity and mortality during adolescence and beyond. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04450966; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04450966. DERR1-10.2196/55039.

The protective role of valuing cultural activities on cannabis use in reserve-Dwelling First Nation youth

Cannabis legalization and use across North America disproportionately negatively affects North American Indigenous (NAI) youth. Cultural activities may function as an alternative reinforcer to protect against substance use and promote engagement in substance-free activities. The present study explored the role of valuing cultural activities on positive cannabis expectancies and past-month cannabis use. This was a secondary data analysis of data from one NAI adolescent population reporting any past-month cannabis use. 106 NAI adolescents (50% female) from a Canadian reserve community completed surveys in spring 2017. The Institutional Review Board, tribal chief, and council approved this study and informed consent, assent, and parental permission were obtained from participants. Linear regression results revealed significant main effects of positive cannabis expectancies (b = 2.926, SE = 1.198, p = .017, 95%CI[0.542, 5.309]) and valuing cultural activities (b= −0.471,SE = 0.234, p=.048, 95%CI[−0.937, −0.005]) on cannabis use, but no significant interaction between cannabis expectancies and valuing cultural activities. Previous research found valuing cultural activities significantly moderates the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. Divergent findings may relate to the different historical significance of alcohol versus cannabis. Alcohol was used as a method to colonize NAIs. Thus, our non-significant interaction may result from cannabis not holding the same historical significance in comparison to alcohol for First Nation people, although this is only a hypothesis and should be confirmed with a follow up study. Despite this, calls from Indigenous communities emphasize the need for strength-based approaches and our results indicate that valuing culture is still significantly related to reduced cannabis use, independent of cannabis expectancies.

Factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2019 National School-Based Health Survey.

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p<0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors.

Fatores associados ao policonsumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2019

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p&lt;0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors.

Pediatric Research without Parental Permission

Pediatric Research without Parental Permission

Chip technology as a preventive tool against child trafficking

Relevance The research relevance is predefined by the extensive practice of using the institute of chipping to preserve the life and health of children, protecting them from committing crimes, by implanting a microchip at the will and permission of parents, and children are still vulnerable to external influences.Purpose. The research aims to conduct a comprehensive and complex research of the institute of microchipping of children from legal, psychological, social and technological points of view, identify its advantages and disadvantages as a means of counteracting and preventing child trafficking, determine the feasibility of using microchipping as a tool of crime prevention concerning children.Methodology. The following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, statistical analysis, formal-legal method and interdisciplinary approach.Results. Results: a comprehensive study of the feasibility and legality of using the institute of chipping concerning children in the Republic of Kazakhstan was conducted, and the practice of foreign countries on this issue was studied and presented. The question of efficiency, necessity and effectiveness of chipping minors to prevent crime was studied. The statistics of crimes such as trafficking in children, as well as the influence of technology on children, parenting and relationships between parents and children, were studied.Conclusions. Possible directions of development of the institute of chipping have been suggested, and permissible variants of the use of technology for children have been given. The study is of practical value as it introduces a new and complex view of the chipping institute and its application concerning minors in legal science.