Parental Peer Research Articles

The mediating effect of bullying on parental–peer support matching and NSSI behaviour among adolescents

BackgroundBeing subjected to bullying is a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Parental support, peer support, and social connectedness play protective roles in mitigating NSSI in this population. However, the precise impact of the combined effects of parental and peer support on bullying and NSSI requires further investigation.MethodsThis study employed the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, Delaware Bullying Victimisation Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, and the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory to survey 1277 Chinese adolescents. Polynomial regression analysis and response surface analysis were applied to examine the mediating role of bullying and social connectedness in the relationship between parental and peer support matching and NSSI.ResultsThe results indicate that parental support (r = 0.287, P < 0.001), peer support (r = 0.288, P < 0.001), and social connectedness (r = 0.401, P < 0.001) were protective factors against NSSI in adolescents. Conversely, bullying (r = 0.425, P < 0.001) acts as a risk factor for NSSI in this population. Adolescents with low parental and peer support experienced more bullying than those with high parental and peer support, while those with low parental but high peer support experienced less bullying than those with high parental but low peer support (R^2 = 0.1371, P < 0.001). Social connectedness moderated the effect between bullying and NSSI in this model (β = 0.006, P < 0.001).LimitationsDue to the under-representation of participants and lack of longitudinal data support, the explanatory power of causality between variables was limited. Future studies should include national samples and incorporate longitudinal studies to enhance the generalisability and robustness of the findings.ConclusionThis study reveals the influence mechanism of parental and peer support matching experienced by adolescents on bullying and NSSI and the moderating role of social connectedness. These findings enrich the developmental theory of adolescent NSSI and provide reference for the prevention and intervention of adolescent NSSI behaviour.

The Meaning of Being a Teacher in the Generation of Gen Z in the Phenomenological Approach

The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of being a teacher in the generation of Gen Z in the phenomenological approach and to determine the perspective of motivation related point of view to be a teacher in the generation of gen Z. this study uses a qualitative design using a phenomenological approach, namely researchers trying to enter the conceptual world of the subjects studied, namely gen z students of Economic Education Class of 2020. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews and documentation. Based on the results of the study, the findings obtained 1) The Meaning of teachers according to Generation Z is that teachers are not smart teachers for themselves but for their students as well, 2) the most dominant encouragement to date is the parents, not only the support of parents of peers, the environment and social media also influence in determining the next steps. 3) rumors about a small salary, must PPG and compete with non FKIP, Teacher Platform. that this is not just a rumor but a serious problem that must be addressed.

The longitudinal impact of an evidence-based multiple family group intervention (Amaka Amasanyufu) on family cohesion among children in Uganda: Analysis of the cluster randomized SMART Africa-Uganda scale-up study (2016-2022).

Family functioning plays a critical role in childhood disruptive behavior disorders (The Family Journal, 2003, 11(1), 33-41; Research in Nursing and Health, 2016, 39(4), 229-243). Yet, there is limited research on the impact of evidence-based family strengthening interventions on improving family cohesion as a protective factor among children experiencing behavioral challenges. To address this gap, we analyzed data (N = 636) from the SMART Africa-Uganda study (2016-2022), a cluster randomized clinical trial testing an evidence-based family-strengthening intervention called Amaka Amasanyufu (translated as "Happy Families" in the local language). Children aged 8-13 and their caregivers were recruited from 26 public primary schools that were randomized to: (1) control condition receiving generalized psychosocial literature (10 schools), (2) intervention delivered via parent peers (eight schools), and (3) intervention delivered via community healthcare workers (eight schools). Children completed the family cohesion questionnaire at baseline, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 6 months post-intervention completion. The intervention effectiveness was evaluated via a three-level logistic mixed effects model with pairwise comparisons across study conditions within each time point. Participants in the parent-peer intervention group had greater odds of being in the higher family cohesion group than participants in the control group at 8 weeks (OR = 3.24), 16 weeks (OR = 1.88) and 6 months (OR = 2.07). At 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 6 months, participants in the community health worker group had 3.98, 2.08, and 1.79 times greater odds of being in the higher family cohesion group than participants in the control group, respectively. Our findings strengthen the evidence base for Amaka Amansayufu as an effective intervention that can be utilized in SSA to improve family cohesion in families with children experiencing behavioral challenges.

Parent Peer Advocacy, Mentoring, and Support in Child Protection: A Scoping Review of Programs and Services.

Objective: Parent peer advocacy, mentoring, and support programs, delivered by parents with lived child protection (CP) experience to parents receiving CP intervention, are increasingly recognized internationally as inclusive practices that promote positive outcomes, but little is known about what shared characteristics exist across these types of programs and what variations may exist in service delivery or impact. This scoping review examines 25 years (1996-2021) of empirical literature on these programs to develop a systematic mapping of existing models and practices as context for program benefits and outcome achievement. Method: Studies were selected using a systematic search process. The final sample comprised 45 publications that addressed research on 24 CP-related parent peer advocacy and support programs. Data analysis explored how programs were studied and conceptualized and examined their impact on parents, professionals, and the CP system. Results: Substantial variation in program settings, target populations, aims, advocate roles, and underlying theoretical frameworks were identified. Across program settings, existing empirical evidence on impact and outcomes also varied, though positive impacts and outcomes were evident across most settings. Conclusions: Findings from this review highlight the need to account better for parent peer advocacy and support program variations in future practice development to ensure alignment with inclusive and participatory principles and goals. Future research is also needed to address current knowledge gaps and shed light on the impact of these differences on individual, case, and system outcomes.

A retrospective analysis of the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on systemic barriers to success for university student parents

IntroductionStudent parents, both undergraduate and graduate, face the difficult task of balancing their studies and raising children, and they are a population often neglected or forgotten by higher education administration. The COVID-19 pandemic enhanced already present issues student parents face through the implementation of virtual schooling, increased daycare costs and closings, staying home with sick children, and a lack of local support system, among others. Further, many student parents are graduate students who are performing research that requires physical campus space and equipment to fulfill their educational requirements, and their research progress come to a halt when the country locked down.MethodsThis study explored the struggles student parents faced prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, what issues the pandemic exacerbated, and what new problems have since arisen. Participants completed surveys assessing the consequences of being a student parent during the pandemic, coping resources available to them, the effect of being a student parent during the pandemic on their mental health, and demographic information.ResultsPrevalent themes include substantial declines in mental health, feelings of inadequacy in regards to both their parenting and academic abilities compared to their non-student parent peers, and a striking lack of resources or acknowledgement from their institution.DiscussionThe survey results are framed within the social-ecological model to better understand the systemic implications of student parent conditions. Finally, we formulate a set of recommendations to higher education administrations to inform them about the unique struggles student parents face and suggest strategies for mitigation.

Stress and Coping among Parents of Preterm Infants Admitted to Neonatal Care |Units of Central Hospitals of Nepal

Background: Hospitalization in neonatal care units (NCUs) is distressing to parents. Stress and inadequate coping with the situation hinder parents' emotional health and parenting roles. The dearth of information is available about it in Nepali context. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the stress and coping strategies of parents of PTIs in NCUs.&#x0D; Methods: The descriptive phenomenological study was conducted in NCUs of three public tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu Nepal. In-person in-depth interviews were conducted among the purposively selected 15 parents of preterm and low birth weight infants admitted to NCUs. The obtained data were analyzed using the content analysis method.&#x0D; Findings: Two themes emerged namely psychological distress and insecurity and coping with the support system. Their distress was related to the condition and progress of their PTIs, infant-parent separation, altered parenting roles, and the burden of longer hospitalization. Family, friends, other parents, and staff of NCUs were their support sources. They coped with the situation with religious faith, patience, sharing with peer parents, being close with the PTIs, and involving in PTI care.&#x0D; Conclusion: Admission of PTIs to NCUs is distressing to parents. In addition, to support from family and friends, parents valued NCU staffs' support for coping and expected more support. Opportunities for infant-parent attachment, care involvement and peer-to-peer support are their effective coping measures. Improving parental support provision in NCUs considering the stressors and effective coping measures would be praiseworthy to enhance the psychological well-being of the parents

Mobile-Enhanced Family-Integrated Care for Preterm Infants: Nurse and Physician Views About Implementation.

The mobile-enhanced family-integrated care (mFICare) model addresses inconsistencies in family-centered care (FCC) delivery, with an evidence-based bundle of staff training, parent participation in rounds, parent classes, parent peer mentors, expanded role for parents in infant caregiving, and a parent-designed app. Our aim was to explore the views of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses and physicians about mFICare implementation, including what worked well and what could be improved. As part of a larger study to compare mFICare with FCC, we invited registered nurses, nurse practitioners, and fellow and attending physicians at the 3 study sites to participate in a survey about mFICare implementation. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The majority of the 182 respondents with experience delivering mFICare positively rated parent-led rounds, parent classes, parent skills acquisition, and the nurse-family relationship resulting from participation in mFICare. Respondents were less familiar or neutral regarding the parent peer mentor and app components of mFICare. Most respondents agreed that the mFICare program improved parent empowerment, and they shared suggestions for optimizing implementation. Physicians experienced more challenges with parent participation in rounds than nurses. Three themes emerged from the free-text data related to emotional support for parents, communication between staff and parents, and the unique experiences of families receiving mFICare. The mFICare program was overall acceptable to nurses and physicians, and areas for improvement were identified. With implementation refinement, mFICare can become a sustainable model to enhance delivery of FCC in NICUs.

The Relevance of Implementing a Holistic Curriculum with Holistic Peer Parenting in Early Childhood Education

The growth and development of Early Childhood (EC) is holistic. Thus, the development process requires facilities to help it, the implementation of the curriculum and parenting patterns in the learning process must also be able to be holistic and comprehensive. This research aims to see the relevance of the curriculum to holistic peer parenting in early childhood education research, the method used is grounded theory, systematic design, data collection techniques and the development of instruments used in this research is through cross-checked observations with an interview process. with teachers, and document analysis. The analysis technique is a cycle consisting of; data collection, coding, axial coding, selective coding, and conventional coding. The results of this research are that the implementation of the existing curriculum in the field is very relevant to the holistic parenting pattern of peers because peer parenting is directly integrated into the curriculum/learning implementation process, where both can develop all of the child's basic potential such as intellectual, physical, spiritual, emotional, social and aesthetic), as well as the relationship between the individual and other people, the individual and natural environment, the student's self and the external maximally and completely. However, in the process, the teacher must be able to help, guide, and direct so that the process can achieve all the achievements in the curriculum.

Supporting families and caregivers of children with disabilities through a parent peer mentor (PPM): experiences from a patient-oriented research network

BackgroundThe CHILD-BRIGHT Network created a parent peer mentor (PPM) role to support other parents who were engaging as partners in the different research projects and activities of the network. We aim to describe how a PPM functioned to support parent-partners of children with disabilities in research projects within the Network.MethodsIn this case study, the PPM approached 50 parent-partners and scheduled a 1-on-1 initial telephone call to offer support for any issues arising. When consent was provided, the PPM recorded interactions with network parent-partners in a communication report in an Excel form. Also, verbatim transcription from one in-depth interview with the PPM was included for data analysis using qualitative description. The Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2-SF) was used to report on involvement of patient-partners.ResultsA total of 55 interactions between 25 parent-partners and the PPM were documented between May 2018 and June 2021. The PPM’s support and liaison role contributed to adaptation of meeting schedules for parent-partners, amendment of the compensation guidelines, and ensuring that internal surveys and the newsletter were more accessible and engaging. The PPM also facilitated community-building by keeping parent-partners connected with researchers in the Network. Families and caregivers in the Network were comfortable sharing their experiences and emotions with the PPM who was also a parent herself, allowing researchers and the Network to learn more about parents’ experiences in partnering with them and how to improve engagement.ConclusionsWe highlight the important complementary role that a PPM can play in enhancing patient engagement in research by better understanding the experiences and needs of parent-partners.

“I decided to participate….because I saw it as benefiting our community and families”: a qualitative study of lay providers’ experiences with delivering an evidence-based mental health intervention for families in Uganda

BackgroundChildren and adolescents who live in resource-limited communities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience significant mental health problems, including behavioral problems. In SSA, one of the most significant impediments to expanding services is a scarcity of mental health specialists. Task-shifting can effectively solve the mental health care gap in low-resource settings, yet it is underutilized in child and adolescent mental health. Moreover, the experiences of lay providers are understudied in global mental health, despite their potential impact on intervention effectiveness. In this study, we examined the experiences of community health workers and parent peers with the task-shifting of an evidence-based family strengthening intervention in Uganda.MethodsAs part of a larger randomized clinical trial, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 facilitators selected using stratified purposive sampling. Interviews explored their decision to participate in the program; experiences with the training; and experiences with intervention delivery. All interviews were conducted in Luganda (local language) and audio recorded. They were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsDespite concerns around lack of previous experience and time commitment, facilitators reported high relevance of the intervention to the families in their communities as well as their own as a motivation to participate. They also identified financial incentives as a motivating factor. These two factors also ensured their attendance at the training. They were satisfied with the content and skills provided during the training and felt prepared to deliver the intervention. During intervention delivery, they enjoyed seeing the families engaged and participating actively in the sessions as well as observing positive changes in the families. Some challenges with family attendance and engagement were noted. The facilitators reported an increased sense of self-efficacy and competence over time; and expressed high satisfaction with supervision.ConclusionFacilitators’ positive experiences point to the high acceptability and appropriateness of task-shifting this intervention in low-resource settings. As the global mental health field continues to be interested in task-shifting interventions to lay providers, successful examples should be studied so that evidence-based models can be put in place to support them through the process.

Satisfaction With Participation in the First STEPS Behavioral Intervention: Experiences of Parents of Young Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes.

Parents of young children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) often experience significant distress and struggle with T1D management during a challenging developmental stage. The First STEPS (Study of Type 1 in Early childhood and Parenting Support) trial evaluated a stepped-care behavioral intervention comprising increasingly intensive intervention steps (peer parent coach, cognitive-behavioral counseling, consultations with diabetes educator and psychologist) based on need. The intervention improved parental depressive symptoms compared to usual care. Subsequently, we examined parent satisfaction with the intervention to guide potential implementation and refinement for future trials. Participants were 157 parents of young children newly diagnosed with T1D. At 9 months post randomization, n = 153 completed satisfaction questionnaires and n = 17 completed qualitative interviews. Satisfaction ratings about trial procedures and each intervention step were summarized. We used thematic analysis with the interview transcripts to generate themes related to participants' experiences in the trial overall and intervention specifically. We explored differences in themes between participants who did versus did not respond to the intervention and among those who experienced different intervention steps. Most participants in both arms rated study participation and methods positively (>95%), and those completing interviews described high satisfaction with study procedures overall, retention incentives, and contact with study staff. Intervention participants' satisfaction ratings were high across steps. Two qualitative themes reflected satisfaction with the intervention enhancing self-efficacy and social support. High satisfaction suggests implementing a stepped-care behavioral intervention as part of routine clinical care following T1D diagnosis would be well received.

Longitudinal links of parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval with deviance during early adolescence.

The current study examined growth-to-growth associations of parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval with deviance during early adolescence, using a 4-wave, 18-month self-reported longitudinal data set from 570 Czech early adolescents (58.4% female; Mage = 12.43 years, SD = 0.66 at baseline). Unconditional growth model tests provided evidence of significant changes in the three parenting behaviors and in deviance over time. Multivariate growth model tests showed that declines in maternal knowledge were associated with increases in deviance, while greater increases in parental peer approval were associated with slower increases in deviance. Findings provide evidence of dynamic changes in parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval over time, as well as in deviance; additionally, they importantly show how parental knowledge and peer approval covary developmentally with deviance.

The Post-intervention Impact of Amaka Amasanyufu on Behavioral and Mental Health Functioning of Children and Adolescents in Low-Resource Communities in Uganda: Analysis of a Cluster-Randomized Trial From the SMART Africa-Uganda Study (2016–2022)

PurposeDisruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs) are common among children/adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. A 16-week manualized multiple family group (MFG) intervention called Amaka Amasanyufu designed to reduce DBDs among school-going children/adolescents in low-resource communities in Uganda was efficacious in reducing symptoms of poor mental health relative to usual care in the short-term (4 months post-intervention-initiation). We examined whether intervention effects are sustained 6 months postintervention. MethodsWe used longitudinal data from 636 children positive for DBDs: (1) Control condition, 10 schools, n = 243; (2) MFG delivered via parent peers (MFG-PP), eight schools, n = 194 and; (3) MFG delivered via community healthcare workers (MFG-CHW), eight schools, n = 199 from the SMART Africa-Uganda study (2016–2022). All participants were blinded. We estimated three-level linear mixed-effects models and pairwise comparisons at 6 months postintervention and time-within-group effects to evaluate the impact on Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), impaired functioning, depressive symptoms, and self-concept. ResultsAt 6 months postintervention, children in MFG-PP and MFG-CHW groups had significantly lower means for ODD (mean difference [MD] = −1.08 and −1.35) impaired functioning (MD = −1.19 and −1.16), and depressive symptoms (MD = −1.06 and −0.83), than controls and higher means for self-concept (MD = 3.81 and 5.14). Most outcomes improved at 6 months compared to baseline. There were no differences between the two intervention groups. DiscussionThe Amaka Amasanyufu intervention had sustained effects in reducing ODD, impaired functioning, and depressive symptoms and improving self-concept relative to usual care at 6 months postintervention. Our findings strengthen the evidence that the intervention effectively reduces DBDs and impaired functioning among young people in resource-limited settings and was sustained over time.

발달장애인 부모 동료 상담가 교육과정 이수 부모들의 인식 및 요구 분석: 초점집단면담을 중심으로

This study was intended to know perception and needs of the parent to parent peer counseling education of individuals with disabilities to support the younger parents to cope with disabilities of their children at the early stage. 6 parents of individuals with disabilities participated the focus group interview who finished the 10 sessions group education and individual in-depth course. The collected data were transcribed and 3 categories and 14 sub-themes were derived through qualitative-comparative content analysis. The results were as followed: First, parents evaluated the parent to parent peer counseling education of individuals with disabilities as giving the positive effects. But they wanted to get more professional contents on disabilities and technical skills on counseling. Second, parents perceived the parent to parent peer counselor as important agent to support the initial parents to accept their child’s disabilities and to live well as social community members. And they viewed the parent to parent peer counselor as omnidirectional supporter to all family members of individuals with developmental disabilities. Third, parents said they wanted to set up the center for the parent to parent peer counselor of individuals with disabilities at community and establish the system of early identification for children with disabilities, and to work there as staffs. Based on these results, proposals for putting the project of the parent to parent peer counselor of individuals with disabilities into practices were suggested.

Understanding spillover of peer parental education: Randomization evidence and mechanisms

AbstractThe educational background of peer parents is more than a proxy for peer quality. We utilize random classroom assignments in China middle schools to study the spillover of peer parental education on the student test score. Analyzing the China Education Panel Survey, we find a causal relationship between the average college attainment of classmates' mothers and a student's test score. Besides peer quality and teacher response, we identify the change in the mother's parenting style as a mediating factor. The parental responses (time, money, and parenting style) also differ by family background, leading to heterogeneous spillover on the test score.

Short-Term Impact of “Amaka Amasanyufu” Multiple Family Group Intervention on Mental Health Functioning of Children With Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Uganda

We evaluate the mid-intervention (8 weeks) and short-term (16 weeks) impact of a culturally adapted multiple family group (MFG) intervention, "Amaka Amasanyufu," on the mental health of children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and primary caregivers in Uganda. We analyzed data from the Strengthening mental health and research training in Sub-Saharan Africa (SMART) Africa-Uganda study. Schools were randomized to the following: a control group; an MFG facilitated by parent peers (MFG-PP); or an MFG facilitated by community health workers (MFG:CHW). All participants were blinded to interventions provided to other participants and study hypotheses. At 8 weeks and 16 weeks, we evaluated differences in depressive symptoms and self-concept among children and in mental health and caregiving-related stress among caregivers. Three-level linear mixed-effects models were fitted. Pairwise comparisons of post-baseline group means were performed using the Sidak adjustment for multiple comparisons and standardized mean differences. Data from 636 children with DBDs and caregivers (controls: n= 243, n= 10 schools; MFG-PP: n= 194, n= 8 schools; MFG-CHW: n= 199, n= 8 schools) were analyzed. There were significant group-by-time interactions for all outcomes, and differences were observed mid-intervention, with short-term effects at 16 weeks (end-intervention). MFG-PP and MFG-CHW children had significantly lower depressive symptoms and higher self-concept, whereas caregivers had significantly lower caregiving-related stress and fewer mental health problems, than controls. There was no difference between intervention groups. Amaka Amasanyufu MFG intervention is effective for reducing depressive symptoms and improving self-concept among children with DBDs while reducing parental stress and mental health problems among caregivers. Given the paucity of culturally adapted mental health interventions, this provides support for adaptation and scale-up in Uganda and other low-resource settings. SMART Africa (Strengthening Mental Health Research and Training); https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT03081195.

Exposure to socially influential peer parents: Evidence from cadre parents in China

Parents with a special social status generate spillover effects to other parents and children. Because cadres (government officials) in China have a broad influence on resource allocation, their presence elicits responses from surrounding parents and students. Exploiting random classroom assignments in Chinese middle schools, we find that increased exposure to classmates' cadre parents raises parents' attention to their children's friendships and guidance over schoolwork. We also find evidence suggesting that parental changes raise the child's test scores. The findings highlight parental adjustments as a mediator of the external influence of peer parents on children.

An Analysis of Six Month Follow-Up Data from a Peer Parent Support Study.

The current study examines trajectories of treatment outcomes 6months after completion of a peer parent program, NAMI Basics. Fifty-two caregivers who were part of a larger trial completed questionnaires prior to, immediately after, and 6months after completing NAMI Basics. Growth curve models were used to examine trajectories of caregiver ratings of parent activation and engagement, parent help-seeking intentions, child symptoms, outpatient service use, and parent stress at 6months after completion of the program. Prior improvements to the outcomes of parent activation and engagement (β = 2.31, p < .001, d = 1.35), parent help-seeking intentions (β = 1.94, p = .017, d = 0.69), and child intrapersonal distress (β = -3.93, p = 0.046, d = 0.58) were maintained at 6months, while help-seeking intentions was not (β = 1.31, p = .222, d = 0.47). Though no changes were observed immediately post-class, caregivers reported significant increases in outpatient services use (β = -1.51, p = .030, d = 0.68) and reductions in parenting stress (β = -4.99, p = 0.009, d = 0.75) and overall child symptoms (β = -19.67, p = 0.001, d = 0.90) at 6month follow-up. These results suggest that many of the positive impacts of the NAMI Basics program are sustained 6months after the intervention. Additionally, these results suggest that some positive outcomes of the program may not emerge until several months after taking the class. Implications and future directions are discussed.

From parenting skills to adolescent treatment needs: Questions elicited by parents of adolescents discharged from residential treatment

BackgroundDespite the utility of parent involvement in continuing care following adolescent residential treatment, parent engagement in traditional office-based treatment is low. In our prior work, we found that parents who had access to a continuing care forum directed questions to a clinical expert and to other parents around five topics: parenting skills; parent support; managing the post-discharge transition; adolescent substance use; family functioning. The current qualitative study elicited questions from parents without access to a continuing care support forum to explore overlapping and new themes MethodsThis study was embedded within the pilot trial of a technology-assisted intervention for parents of adolescents in residential treatment for substance use. Thirty-one parents randomized to residential treatment as usual were asked two prompts at follow-up assessments: what questions they would like to ask a clinical expert and what questions they would like to ask other parents of adolescents discharged from residential care. Thematic analysis identified major themes and subthemes ResultsTwenty-nine parents generated 208 questions. Analyses revealed three themes identified in prior work: parenting skills; parent support; adolescent substance use. Three new themes emerged: adolescent mental health; treatment needs; socialization ConclusionsThe current study identified several distinct needs among parents who did not receive access to a continuing care support forum. Needs identified in this study can inform resources to support parents of adolescents during the post-discharge period. Parents may benefit from convenient access to an experienced clinician for advice on skills and adolescent symptoms, paired with access to parental peer support.

Translational research – Stress associated with parenting and caregiving of children with chronic conditions or special healthcare needs

The stress associated with parenting and caregiving is compounded when children and adolescents are diagnosed with chronic conditions or special healthcare needs. The broad nature of stress requires parents, families, and children to cope with the additional stress associated with the child's chronic condition or special healthcare needs, adapt to the child's ongoing care management, and focus on maintaining quality of life for their families. Further, parent caregivers experience stress and role change when confronted with the healthcare transition from pediatric to adult healthcare for their adolescent and young adult children with chronic conditions or special healthcare needs. Developing resilience through emotional support and living in supportive neighborhoods may facilitate coping by parents and their children. The role of nursing presence and parent peer support is integral to mitigating parental stress during adaptation to stressful situations associated with the child's healthcare.