Parental Neglect Research Articles

The Associations between maternal depressive symptoms and parenting practices among low income head start eligible families

ABSTRACT This research examines associations between maternal depressive symptoms and parenting practices among Head Start eligible, low-income families. Among 3,780 mothers, four types of childcare were identified: Head Start (n = 2124), informal care (n = 270), other center-based care (n = 638), and exclusive parental care (n = 748). The study found that mothers with higher depressive symptoms engaging in less positive parenting practices. Mothers whose children were cared for by parents or informal childcare have higher depressive symptoms and more neglectful and unsafe parenting practices than those with children enrolled in Head Start. Low-income families should aim to enroll their children in formal childcare including Head Start.

Multisystemic Therapy - Building Stronger Families (MST-BSF): Substance misuse, child neglect, and parenting outcomes from an 18-month randomized effectiveness trial

BackgroundParental substance misuse impacts millions of children globally and is a major determinant of repeat maltreatment and out-of-home placement. There is little published research on family-based, comprehensive treatment models that simultaneously address parental substance misuse and child maltreatment. ObjectiveThis study reports outcomes from a randomized clinical trial examining the effectiveness of the Multisystemic Therapy – Building Stronger Families (MST-BSF) treatment model with families involved with Child Protective Services due to physical abuse and/or neglect plus parental substance misuse. Participants and settingNinety-eight families who had an open case with Child Protective Services in two areas of the state of Connecticut participated. MethodFamilies referred by the Connecticut Department of Children and Families were randomly assigned to MST-BSF or Comprehensive Community Treatment (CCT). Both interventions were delivered by community-based therapists. Outcomes were measured across 5 assessments extending 18 months post-baseline. ResultsIntent-to-treat analyses showed that MST-BSF was significantly more effective than CCT in reducing parent self-reported alcohol and opiate use and in improving child-reported neglectful parenting. Although means were in predicted directions, new incidents of abuse across 18 months did not differ between groups. The study features high recruitment and engagement rates for a population experiencing multiple involvements with child protection. ConclusionThe outcomes of this study support the effectiveness of MST-BSF, an intensive family- and ecologically- based treatment, for significantly reducing parental alcohol and opiate misuse and child neglect. These findings help in our understanding of how best to address the understudied issue of interventions for child neglect.

The slippery slope of parental exhaustion: A process model of parental burnout

The goal of this research was to investigate the developmental process of parental burnout by testing whether there were systematic prospective relations between the dimensions of parental burnout as measured with the Parental Burnout Inventory (PBI). We investigated this question in two cross-lagged three-wave longitudinal studies with French- and English-speaking parents (N1 = 918, 78.8% mothers, Mage_mothers = 39.38, Mage_fathers = 43.02; N2 = 822, 59.2% mothers, Mage_mothers = 38.68, Mage_fathers = 38.02). High levels of exhaustion were found to predict increases in emotional distancing and feelings of inefficacy, which then mutually reinforce. Since emotional distancing elicits the most damaging consequences of parental burnout for children (i.e., parental neglect and violence), the current study suggests that prevention efforts will be most beneficial in the exhaustion phase of parental burnout.

How parents' psychological detachment from work affects their children via fatigue: The moderating role of gender.

Previous studies demonstrated that psychological detachment from work can impact employees' work and family lives. Based on conservation of resources theory and social role theory, the present study examined the process through which working parents' psychological detachment from work influences their children's perception of neglectful parenting (emotional warmth and rejection). Specifically, we examined the mediating role of parents' fatigue and the moderating role of parent gender in this process. Data were collected from working parents (n=371) and their children in junior high school (n=371, 10-13 years old) at two time points with a three-month interval. Our results showed that working parents' psychological detachment from work at Time 1 significantly predicted children's perception of parent emotional warmth and rejection at Time 2, and parents' fatigue at Time 2 mediated this relationship. Besides, parent gender moderated this mediated process such that the positive indirect effect of parent psychological detachment from work on emotional warmth via fatigue was stronger for working mothers than for working fathers. These findings contribute to the limited research on the effects of psychological detachment from work on family members and highlight the importance of parent gender in children's perceptions of working parents' behaviours.

Post-traumatic stress disorder and childhood emotional abuse are markers of subthreshold bipolarity and worse treatment outcome in major depressive disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and childhood maltreatment (CMT: parental neglect; emotional, physical and sexual abuse) have been linked to bipolar disorder but they are also common in major depressive disorder (MDD). Our objective was to investigate their association with the bipolar spectrum and antidepressant treatment outcome in 482 outpatients with DSM-IV MDD treated in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes trial for 28 weeks Bipolar spectrum score included age of onset <21 years, subthreshold hypomania (a period of elated or irritable mood with at least two concurrent hypomanic symptoms, which did not fulfill DSM criteria for hypomanic/manic episode) and depressive mixed state (DMX). PTSD subjects (n = 107; 22%) had more severe depression (P < 0.0001), work and social impairment (P = 0.0031), comorbid anxiety disorders (P < 0.0001) and increased suicidality (P = 0.0003). Bipolar spectrum score was higher with PTSD comorbidity (P = 0.0063) and childhood emotional abuse (P = 0.0001). PTSD comorbidity was associated with residual suicidality (P = 0.0218) after 6 weeks of antidepressant use whereas childhood emotional abuse [odds ratio (OR), 1.01-2.22], subthreshold hypomania (OR, 1.04-4.09) and DMX (OR, 1.00-4.19) were predictors of mood switch. These results corroborate the role of PTSD and childhood emotional abuse as markers of bipolar spectrum and prognostic factors during antidepressant treatment.

The consequences of child’s congenital heart disease for parents: A qualitative study

Background: Affliction of a child by a chronic disease can significantly affect the whole family. Identifying the consequences of a child’s congenital heart disease (CHD) for parents can help health-care providers provide better care services to them. Objectives: This study aimed at exploring the consequences of a child’s CHD for parents. Methods: This study was conducted in 2020 using conventional content analysis. The 30 parents of 15 children afflicted with CHD were purposively recruited from a hospital and a physician’s private office in Sanandaj, Iran. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and continued up to data saturation. Data analysis was performed via conventional content analysis suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The consequences of a child’s CHD for parents were grouped into three main categories, namely threatened family integrity (with three subcategories), psychological turmoil (with five subcategories)‌, and being in limbo (with three subcategories). The 11 subcategories of these three categories were the effects of CHD on parents, neglectful parenting for other family children, reluctance to have another child, anxiety, maternal depression and somatization, helplessness, fear over treatment failure, acceptance of an unchangeable reality, uncertain future, concern over hiding or not hiding a child’s CHD, and a heart full of pain, respectively. Conclusion: A child’s CHD can threaten family integrity, cause parents psychological turmoil, and put them in limbo. Health-care providers, particularly nurses, need to assess the needs of these parents and provide them with professional counseling and need-based emotional, informational, and financial support in order to reduce the negative effects of CHD on them.

Childhood psychiatric outcomes in the context of suspected neglect and abuse reports related and unrelated to parental substance use

BackgroundChild maltreatment is prevalent in the United States and carries long-term consequences. Parental substance use may have associations with child maltreatment. It is unclear whether co-occurring parental substance use aggravates childhood psychiatric outcomes related to suspected maltreatment. ObjectiveTo compare psychiatric and healthcare utilization outcomes in children with suspected abuse reports, with and without documented parental substance use. Participants and settingRetrospective cohort study (n = 2831) of children with suspected abuse/neglect (SANC) reports filed in the electronic health record between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2016. Children who had SANC reports referencing parental substance use (n = 458) were compared with those who had SANC reports that did not reference substance use (n = 2346). MethodsOutcome data included ICD-10 coded medical and psychiatric diagnoses and healthcare utilization. ResultsCompared to children who had a SANC report filed without parental substance use, children with parental substance use in a SANC showed significantly lower age-adjusted odds of anxiety disorder, mood disorder and externalizing disorder, and higher odds of a substance use disorder diagnosis. They were also less likely to present to an emergency department visit for any reason in the year prior to the report. ConclusionsChildren with exposure to parental substance use in a household where parental abuse or neglect was suspected had lower odds of adverse psychiatric outcomes as compared to children with suspected report of abuse or neglect unrelated to parental substance use. The present findings highlight the complex interplay of psychosocial factors associated with outcomes of childhood maltreatment.

Migranthood: Youth in a new era of deportationbyLaurenHeidbrink (2020) Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 9781503612075, 240 pp., $25 (paperback).

Migranthood: Youth in a new era of deportationbyLaurenHeidbrink (2020) Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 9781503612075, 240 pp., $25 (paperback).

Emily Dickinson:

No matter how loving parents may be, the demands their expectations lay on their children result in an emotional pressure that goes unnoticed until, in most cases, it is too late and the damage to emotional maturity and the negative effect on personality has already occurred. Such emotional neglect is mostly unintentional. The life of nineteenth century American poet, Emily Dickinson, is an example of how the internalization of parental expectations and childhood emotional neglect can affect emotional maturity and adult behaviour. “Introvert” and “reclusive” are the two words commonly used to refer to her. However, this paper focuses not on what she was, but why she was so. In this paper, I examine a number of Dickinson’s letters to explore her experience of life within a “loving” home full of parental expectations which exerted unintentional pressure on her emotions and made her the socially withdrawn person she ultimately became. For this purpose, I base my discussion on the psychoanalytic feminism of Nancy J. Chodorow and Jessica Benjamin to show how Dickinson’s subjectivity is negatively influenced by patriarchal dominance represented within the family by her father and reinforced by her emotionally absent mother.

THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES ON PERSONALITY: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The influence of parents on childs development is extremely important. The impact a parent and family has on an individual is the foremost indicator of the holistic personality of that individual. Several researches are evident to the aspect that parental styles are very crucial factor that influences an adolescents behaviour, also the academic success besides other factors. Literature accords that based on Baumrinds model of Parenting Styles, authoritative parenting style is the most efficient in enhancing the academic achievement. Also that Permissive and neglectful parenting styles are the indicator styles for the abuse of alcohol among the adolescents and young adults. Thus the scope of this literature review is to filter out the significant factors influencing an individuals personality by assessing the aspects of academic achievement and alcohol use in accordance to parenting styles.

The Impact of Parental Depression on Children’s Smartphone Addiction: A Serial Mediation Model With Parental Neglect and Children’s Self-Esteem

The present study investigates the mechanisms underlying the relationship between parental depression and children’s smartphone addiction. It explores the effects of parental depression on children’s smartphone addiction, as well as the mediating roles of parental neglect and children’s self-esteem in this relationship, which multiplies sequentially. We utilize data—comprising 2,396 children and their parents—from the National General Survey on Korean Children, using parent–child dyads. First, a hierarchical regression analysis shows that parental depression significantly and positively predicts children’s smartphone addiction ( B = .29, SE = .03, p &lt; .001). Second, Hayes’s PROCESS macro (Model 6), executed to test the mediation effects, reveals that the effect of parental depression on children’s smartphone addiction is significantly mediated by parental neglect ( B = .07, Boot SE = .01, 95% Boot CI [.05, .10]) and children’s self-esteem ( B = .12, Boot SE = .01, 95% Boot CI [.10, .14]). Moreover, the serial mediation model’s results support that parental neglect and children’s self-esteem serially mediate the relationship between parental depression and children’s smartphone addiction ( B = .02, Boot SE = .004, 95% Boot CI [.01, .03]), implying that a higher level of parental depression is sequentially associated with increased parental neglect that reduces children’s self-esteem and consequently accelerates their smartphone dependence. The theoretical and practical implications of the results as well as the directions for future research are discussed.

Sociological Analysis of "Abandon the Old in Tokyo" Comic Story by Yoshihiro Tatsumi

Abstract. This study aims to compare the social life of Tokyo workers and what Yoshihiro Tatsumi describes in the comic gekiga “Abandon the Old in Tokyo” in the period of Japan’s rapid economic growth (mid 1950-early 1970) using the sociological approach of literary works. Social life that will be studied is specifically on the social interactions of Tokyo workers with society, employers, colleagues, parents and also the form of the worker's family system at that time. The method used in this study is the qualitative descriptive method. The findings showed that the comic story, despite being a work of fiction, does indeed depict the real social conditions of Tokyo workers during a period of rapid economic growth where workers tend to be individualistic and hedonistic. The rapid changes in Tokyo at that time does not carry over into the work environment where workers still adhere to patrilineal management which is very formal, however between colleagues some form of informality and intimacy still exists in the face of extremely difficult working conditions. Meanwhile, the neglect of parents by the younger generation occurs a lot due to changes in the family system changing from the IE system to the kazoku system, the economic and the housing situation, as well as the relationship between family members is no longer close. Marriage no longer occurs to maintain the IE system and customs, rather, marriage occurs on the basis of love between husband and wifeKeywords: Sociological Analysis, Abandon the Old in Tokyo, Gekiga, Workers

Common factors in serious case reviews of child maltreatment where there is a medical cause of death: qualitative thematic analysis

AimTo identify the common factors in serious case reviews (SCRs) where a child has died of a medical cause.DesignQualitative thematic analysis.BackgroundSCRs take place when neglect or abuse results in children...

Dysfunctional Parenting Styles Are Associated with Mental Disorders and Low Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Brazilian Undergraduate Medical Students.

Objective To investigate the association between parental bonding styles and anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and self-efficacy beliefs in undergraduate medical students. Methods A cross-sectional, self-administered survey involving 315 Brazilian medical students was conducted online. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the general self-efficacy (GSE) scale were used. The internal consistency of the instruments used in the study was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, and the odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the association between parental bonding styles and anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and general self-efficacy beliefs. Results In the analysis adjusted for sociodemographic variables, maternal affectionless control was associated with a greater risk of anxiety (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.15-5.33), depression (OR = 7.54; 95% CI: 3.20-17.78), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.58-8.27), and low self-efficacy (OR = 3.81; 95% CI: 1.76-8.25), while maternal neglectful parenting was associated with depression (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.17-8.96) and paternal affectionate constraint with suicidal ideation (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.36-7.02). Conclusions These findings showed dysfunctional parenting styles to be associated with mental illnesses and low self-efficacy in Brazilian undergraduate medical students. This should be taken into consideration when treating medical students with mental disorders.

Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Developmental Outcomes for Head Start Eligible Low Income Children

This study examined the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE)s on Head Start eligible low-income children’s developmental outcomes based on the Head Start Impact Study data (n = 4442). The ACEs consisted of parental alcohol/drug use, parental depression, neglectful parenting practices, family violence, and household risk factors. Children’s developmental outcomes were cognitive, socio-emotional, and health outcomes. The following questions were explored: (a) Do ACEs have an impact on children’s cognitive, social, and health outcomes? (b) Does the Head Start program have any impact on the effects between ACEs and children’s cognitive, social and health outcomes? Regression analysis indicated that children who had more ACEs had significantly lower cognitive test scores, lower socio-emotional scores, and negative health outcomes. Children who enrolled Head Start had higher cognitive, social, and health outcomes than those who did not enroll Head Start. Further, Head Start impact differed depending on number of ACEs. More Head Start eligible children should attend Head Start and Head Start participant children need to be accessed for their risk factors. Head Start impact should consider ACEs to measure developmental outcomes for children in poverty and provide trauma-informed care by considering adverse childhood experiences. A future study was suggested to address additional impacts and possible implication, in the context of pandemic stress that affect preschool aged children and their families, from this similar demographic background.

Toward Community Control of Child Welfare Funding

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act mandates reporting, investigation,and prosecution of allegedly abusive and neglectful parents. Commonly known as child protective services (CPS), this family policing system uses the government’s police power to disrupt, surveil, control, and destroy hundreds of thousands of Black families based on conditions of poverty framed as neglect. Centering a Black mother’s five-year long ordeal with New York City’s family policing system, we examine the carceral roots of CPS and its destructive impacts on Black families. We call for abolishing the CPS family policing system; diversion of the billions invested in the foster industry to investment in quality-of-life resources de-linked from so-called “child protection”; and monetary reparations for generations of CPS violence against Black families.

부모의 방임이 학업중단 청소년의 우울에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediator effect of ego resilience in relation to parental neglect and depression of drop-out adolescents. A total of 318 drop-out adolescents were used for analysis, correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were used to verify the relation of measure variables and mediator effect. According to the results of the analysis, the higher the level of parental neglect, the lower the level of ego resilience, and the higher the level of depression. It has also been confirmed that ego resilience has a partial mediator effect in the relationship between parental neglect and depression in drop-out adolescents. The findings suggest that ego resilience needs to be addressed in approaching the depression problem experienced from drop-out adolescents. In particular, if the level of depression is high due to parental neglect, it is suggested that strengthening internal capabilities by focusing on improving ego resilience will be an effective intervention in reducing depression.

The Role of a Mentorship Program on the Relationship between Neglect and Depression among Adolescents in Low-Income Families.

This study examines the moderating effect of a mentorship program on the relationship between parental neglect and depression among adolescents from low-income households since COVID-19. A total of 264 participants from all provinces in South Korea were registered for a mentorship program provided by the Korea Development Bank [KDB] Foundation, which is a charitable and non-profit organization. Two-hundred fifty-five middle and high school students from low-income families were included in the final sample. The mentorship program was provided to students based on mentors’ advice and feedback. A bootstrap method using the PROCESS macro 3.4 for SPSS was utilized to examine the moderating effect of satisfaction with the mentorship program. Neglect was positively related to depression among low-income students. Satisfaction with the mentorship program moderated the relationship between low-income students’ neglect and depression. Visits from social workers or other advocates or volunteers to low-income families with children may be helpful to address depression among low-income students. High quality mentorship programs should be provided to more low-income students for their mental health, funded particularly in the context of corporate social responsibility. Particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, financial contributions by corporations would be valuable to reconstruct the damage to quality of life and psychological well-being among low-income adolescents.

POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ANAK BERDASARKAN GENDER

Children need education to increase their roles in society. Children education through formal, non-formal, and/or informal education is held to improve the quality of children's skills. Given the huge and importance of the process of parenting education, hence this study aims to determine the influence of parenting on children. Children are great blessings people must be grateful for, hence they deserve the best parenting by their parents. However, parents still treat their children differently. This discussion aims to identify various styles or methods of parenting and their impacts on children. This discussion consisted of four types of parenting proposed by Eisenburg et al. These parenting types are more specific and focused on children’s gender development than other parenting styles that are more general. The four types of parenting are channeling/shaping, direct introduction, differential treatment, and models. There are four types of parenting model according to some psychologists, which are authoritative parenting, neglectful parenting, permissive parenting, and democratic parenting. These four types have their own impacts. While some other opinions believe that authoritative parenting style has 6 (six) parenting styles, which are: Accept children's opinion, Ask about children's mistakes without accusing them, Give advice upon their mistakes, Give appreciation, Give presents, and Facilitate their hobbies.

Parenting Styles and Their Impact on Children’s Behavior in Dahl’s Charlie and The Chocolate Factory

Parenting is a necessary component of human development. It assists children in developing the competencies necessary to function in and face society as adults. A good parenting approach would assist the child in functioning optimally in the society; on the other hand, a poor parenting practice would increase the child's susceptibility to negative behavior and ultimately ruin the child's future. This paper aims to demonstrate Dahl's portrayal of parenting styles and their effect on children’s behavior in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The study was performed using the psychology of literature approach, with Baumrind's parenting framework serving as the underlying theory. The finding demonstrates that parental parenting styles serve as the mold for children's actions as portrayed by the characters in the story. (1)Permissive parenting, as demonstrated by Veruca Salt and Augustus Gloob, (2)Authoritarian parenting, as demonstrated by Violet Beauregarde, (3)Uninvolved/ Neglectful parenting, as demonstrated by Mike Teavee, and (4)Authoritative parenting, as demonstrated by Charlie Bucket, the main protagonist.