Parents Exercise Research Articles

Effect of exercise training before mating on mRNA expression of breast cancer-related genes in offspring in rats

Summary Purpose Exercise is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, however, effect of parental exercise on risk of breast cancer in children has not been studied. Thus, the aim of the present study was evaluating the effect of aerobic training of parents before pregnancy on the expression of some of the main genes in breast cancer in breast tissue of their offspring. Method Eighteen female and 6 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two exercise training and control group. After training each male mated with 2 females. Parental aerobic training with moderate intensity was performed running on treadmill for 4 weeks, 5 sessions per week. Finally Pairs 4, 5, and 6 of adult breast tissues was performed to evaluate the expression of BRCA1, TP53, ER-α, IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Results We found that pre-pregnancy moderate aerobic training of mother, especially along with father caused a significant increase in the mRNA of the BRCA1, P53 and ER-α genes, and a significant reduction in IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Conclusion Exercise with moderate intensity before mating significantly affected the expression of BRCA1, P53, IGF-1, IGF-1R and ER-α genes. So we suggest that parents regular exercise before pregnancy can reduce the risk of breast cancer in children.

Parents’ economic efforts in the discourses of Chilean children: ethical reflexivity and reciprocal care

This article, written from the perspective of Childhood Studies, questions the image, common in the press and daily life, of childhood as remote from the world of work and the economy. It also challenges the view of children as being immoderate in matters of family expenditure. Two discursive studies of Chilean children reveal instead a complex ethical reflexivity in how they think about the economic efforts of parents, whom they see as overwhelmed by work, economic and care responsibilities and as deserving their understanding and support. We conceptualise these concerns expressed by the children as forms of parent–child reciprocal care, and as ways of upholding cultural images of being a good parent and being a good son or daughter. The personal and economic burden that children perceive in parents is linked to conditions arising from neoliberalisation processes such as those occurring in Chile, and to the exercise of intensive parenting in these contexts.

Maternal and paternal exercise regulate offspring metabolic health and beta cell phenotype

ObjectivePoor maternal and paternal environments increase the risk for obesity and diabetes in offspring, whereas maternal and paternal exercise in mice can improve offspring metabolic health. We determined the effects...

Expanding Advice Response Theory by Incorporating Goal Inference: College Students’ Perceptions of Parental Exercise Advice

AbstractWe expanded Advice Response Theory (ART) by proposing that recipient perceptions of advisor characteristics can be distal (e.g., parenting style) and proximal (e.g., goal inference). We examined how the recipient’s inference of the advisor’s goals (confirmation, change, and novelty) mediates associations between distal characteristics and message feature evaluations and outcomes. As predicted, positive associations occurred between perceptions of parenting style, confirmation goal inference, advice efficacy and positive facework, and desirable advice outcomes. Counter to predictions, inferring change and novelty goals did not have uniformly undesirable effects. An inference of the change goal was associated with higher efficacy ratings and the recipient changing plans following the conversation. Our findings support conceptualizing ART advisor characteristics as distal and proximal, and advisor goal inference as a relevant proximal characteristic.

Impact of parental exercise on epigenetic modifications inherited by offspring: A systematic review.

Performing regular exercise is associated with numerous health benefits including a reduction in all‐cause mortality. The mechanisms associated with exercise‐induced health improvements are wide ranging and benefit virtually every organ system in the body. Of significance, recent evidence has suggested that some of these protective benefits may also be passed to offspring through multiple generations via alterations in gamete presentation, changes to the in‐utero and offspring rearing environments, and epigenetic modifications. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the current literature for evidence of exercise‐induced epigenetic modifications in offspring. A systematic search yielded four papers that met inclusion criteria. Parental exercise interventions were associated with differential DNA methylation patterns in offspring. These shifts in methylation patterns were consistent with concurrent changes in offspring mRNA levels, protein expression, and functional measures. Many of the observed changes were related to metabolic pathways. Hence, the evidence suggests that exercise‐induced epigenetic changes can be observed in offspring and may play a pivotal role among the multifactorial intergenerational‐health impact of exercise.

Experiencia en la aplicación del protocolo de buenas prácticas en parentalidad positiva desde el equipo territorial de servicios sociales área I

En el año 2009 se desarrolló en Navia (Asturias) el Programa de Orientación Educativa Familiar (POEF), en fase de pilotaje. En este momento, se comenzó un proceso cíclico de planificación – ejecución- evaluación, como es propio en la práctica de las ciencias sociales. No entendimos este momento como un punto y final, como si fuese la culminación de un proceso, sino que desde su origen tratamos de adaptarnos al contexto, que viene determinado por los cambios sociales y educativos de cada momento, para dar respuestas lo más ajustadas posibles a las necesidades de las personas. Consideramos que en ese momento no se había hecho más que el planteamiento inicial del programa, por lo que continuamos mediante un proceso dialéctico entre la teoría y la práctica, dando forma a una herramienta más adaptada a nuestro entorno de trabajo y a la finalidad última de los servicios sociales que es la compensación de desigualdades, con el objetivo prioritario convertirlo en una medida de acción positiva, entendiendo por acción positiva, aquellas actuaciones o intervenciones que se realizan en un colectivo en el que existe una desigualdad con el fin de disminuir o eliminar esta descompensación social. El trabajo que se presenta podríamos decir que consta de dos partes; en la primera parte, se desarrolla en distintos Ayuntamientos el programa-guía para el desarrollo de competencias emocionales,educativas y parentales desarrollado por la profesora Dra. Raquel-Amaya Martínez González de la Universidad de Oviedo. Desde un primer momento, valoramos el programa como unaherramienta necesaria, muy eficaz y valiosa por su carácter multiplicador y preventivo. En la segunda parte, como respuesta a la convocatoria que presenta el Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad y la Federación Española de Municipios y Provincias que tiene por fin promover el ejercicio positivo de la parentalidad y reforzar el apoyo a la parentalidad positiva en las políticas y servicios públicos de los Gobiernos Locales y en el tejido asociativo. La iniciativa era una oportunidad clara de optimizar la gestión a favor de la coordinación interdisciplinar, la sensibilización, la formación, la promoción ciudadana y la prevención de situaciones de riesgo; también la invitación a que diferentes agentes sociales sumen a sus objetivos o líneas de actuación esta filosofía; todo ello siguiendo la recomendación del Consejo de Europa 2006.

New speaker parents as grassroots policy makers in contemporary Galicia: ideologies, management and practices

This study examines the role of new speaker parents who have made a conscious decision to bring up their children in Galician, a language which they themselves did not acquire in the home. Although intergenerational transmission has for long been considered a crucial part of linguistic vitality, new speakers bring complexity to this paradigm and in particular prompt questions about their role as parents and as potential agents of sociolinguistic change in the process of language revitalization. Through their individual as well as collective linguistic practices, new speaker parents have the potential to generate visible and/or invisible language planning on the ground, influencing their children’s language learning and creating future generations of speakers. As such, these parents, through their own linguistic behaviour, can play a potentially significant role in the revitalization and maintenance of Galician outside the school through their family language policies in the home. Drawing on two focus group discussions involving seven families in two of Galicia’s urban centres, Santiago de Compostela and Vigo, we investigate how these new speaker parents exercise their agency and become policy makers in their homes.

A study about the characteristics of the contemporary parental exercise and care network

Abstract Considering the transformations that have occurred in the ways contemporary families operate, we propose an investigation on how heterosexual couples understand and exercise parenting, as well as on how they deal with the child care network. Based on qualitative methodology, 8 couples and their children’s pediatricians and educational coordinators were interviewed. The analysis of the results covered two categories: (1) The Construction of Parenthood and Care Network, and (2) Parental Exercise. Interviews were analyzed based on the perspective of psychoanalysis and psychosocial studies. We identified three possibilities for parenthood appropriation: (a) greater fluidity in parental roles, (b) egalitarian parental care, in which a greater value was assigned to the maternal figure, especially in the discourse made by parents and; (c) disruption with gender binarism in the parental exercise, but with a predominance of the responsibility for child care assigned to one of the spouses. As for sharing child care related tasks, both pediatricians and schools were seen as important parental tools.

Supplemental Material for Associations of Parental and Child Food and Exercise Aversion With Child Food Intake and Physical Activity

Supplemental Material for Associations of Parental and Child Food and Exercise Aversion With Child Food Intake and Physical Activity

Maternal and Paternal Exercise Regulates Offspring Metabolic Health and Beta-Cell Phenotype

Maternal and paternal environment are critical factors in determining risk for obesity and diabetes in offspring. Maternal exercise in mice can prevent the detrimental effects of maternal high-fat feeding on offspring metabolic health, whereas the effects of paternal exercise on offspring are less clear. Little is also known about the effects of maternal or paternal exercise on offspring beta cells, a major factor in glucose homeostasis. We determined the effects of maternal, paternal and maternal+paternal exercise on offspring glucose tolerance and beta cell morphology. Male sires were housed ± running wheels for 3 weeks before breeding (4.4±0.8 km/day) and dams were housed ± running wheels for 2 weeks before breeding (8.4±0.5 km/day) and during gestation (4.7±0.5 km/day). All male and female breeders were fed a high-fat diet. Four groups of male offspring were studied: both parents sedentary (Sed); maternal exercise only (Mat Ex); paternal exercise only (Pat Ex); maternal+paternal exercise (Mat+Pat Ex) (n=5-8 litters/group). Offspring were sedentary and separate cohorts were studied at weaning, 52, and 80 weeks. Post-weaning, offspring were fed a chow diet. There was no effect of parental exercise on offspring glucose tolerance at weaning. At 52 weeks, offspring of exercised parents had ∼25% lower fasting blood glucose concentrations vs. Sed (all p<0.01), and glucose tolerance was improved in Mat Ex (33%), Pat Ex (35%), and Mat+Pat Ex (50%) vs. Sed (p<0.001). Mat Ex, Pat Ex and Mat+Pat Ex had decreased beta cell size (40%) and mass (40%), whereas islet size and density were only decreased in offspring from Mat+Pat Ex parents (28% and 40%, respectively). Older offspring (80 weeks) from all three parental exercise treatments displayed improved glucose tolerance (p<0.05). Maternal and paternal exercise in high-fat fed parents has profound positive effects on offspring glucose tolerance during adulthood and older age that may be linked to adaptations in the endocrine pancreas. Disclosure J. Zheng: None. A.B.A. Wagner: None. N.B. Prince: None. K. So: None. J. Mul: None. E. Dirice: None. M.F. Hirshman: None. K.I. Stanford: None. R. Kulkarni: None. L.J. Goodyear: None.

‘She was there if I needed to talk or to try and get my point across’: specialist advocacy for parents with intellectual disability in the Australian child protection system

ABSTRACTParents with intellectual disability are overrepresented in child protection matters due to a combination of socioeconomic disadvantage and assumptions of parenting incapacity by child welfare workers and courts. Inability to understand the investigation process or instruct a solicitor can deny these parents equal access to justice. Specialist support can ensure parents exercise their legal capacity to participate in proceedings and have their views heard. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with parents with intellectual disability (n = 10) who accessed a specialist advocacy programme in New South Wales, Australia. Thematic analysis was used to identify the influence of advocacy on parents’ experiences. Parents felt powerlessness as they navigated a bewildering child protection and court system that had prejudged them unfit to parent. This compounded the grief and loss of child removal. The advocate played a critical role in creating a bridge between parents and professionals. This helped to build parents’ skills and confidence and improve the disability awareness of professionals. Specialist advocacy for all parents with intellectual disability in care proceedings is consistent with Australia’s obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Projeto parental não compartilhado: implicações no exercício da parentalidade

RESUMO Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi conhecer, a partir do olhar de mulheres chefes de família, o impacto da conjugalidade e do projeto parental não compartilhado no exercício da parentalidade. Participaram deste estudo dez mães que compunham uma família monoparental. Entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais foram utilizados para a coleta de dados, tendo-se realizado uma análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados evidenciaram que o projeto parental, quando não compartilhado pela dupla parental, produz fragilidades no exercício da parentalidade, em especial no que se refere ao envolvimento paterno. Ademais, identificou-se que, não obstante às mudanças atribuídas ao papel do pai na família, o exercício da paternidade ainda parece ser considerado, na perspectiva das mulheres, como opcional para muitos homens.

PRAVO DETETA NA SLOBODU VEROISPOVESTI U KONTEKSTU RODITELjSKOG PRAVA NA VASPITAVANjE I OBRAZOVANjE DETETA

The right of the child to freedom of religion belongs to a group of child's participation rights that is of exceptional importance both in terms of child's development and in the context of the identity of a child. However, this right has less legal and practical scope than other child's participation rights. The basic reason for limited range of the child's right to freedom of religion is that the mentioned right is primarily exercised within the legal space in which parents exercise the right to raise and provide education to a child. Simultaneously, the right of the child to freedom of religion has external limitations set by the rights and interests of third parties, as well as the interests of wider social environment. The child's right to freedom of religion comprises two distinctive elements which may be referred as internal and external element of the right. Thus, the internal element of the right includes freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his/her choice. On the other hand, the external component of this right involves freedom to manifest his/her religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child explicitly recognises only external element of the child's right to freedom of religion. That is why the content of this right should be primarily determined in the line with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Protocol No. 1 to this Convention and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that offer more complete approach to the right to freedom of religion. Generally, The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child is more reluctant to suggest stronger application of the child's right to freedom of religion at the expense of parental responsibility comparing to cases when other participation rights of a child are at stake. To be more precisely, the closer determination of this right is left to national legislations. Therefore, three different approaches to the scope of a child's rights to freedom of religion may be distinguished in terms of national laws. The first approach may be designated as paternalistic one since the child's right to freedom of religion is primarily subordinated to parental rights to raise and provide education to a child. Unlike this approach, dogmatic standpoint implies the existence of official and dominant religion where parents are obliged to raise their child in accordance with religious rules. From the child rights-based aspect, the most adequate standpoint is to adopt participatory approach where the child of certain age is empowered to fully exercise the right to freedom of religion. Concerning parental rights to provide religious education to their children, it is important to consider case law of the European Court of Human Rights in respect to state interference with the one's right to manifest his/her religion or belief. It may be concluded that a state does not have a duty to provide educational program that will correspond to each and every parent's desire.

Investigation for the association of parental exercise preferences with children's fitness

Investigation for the association of parental exercise preferences with children's fitness

임신 전 부모의 운동이 새끼 쥐 해마의 신경가소성과 미토콘드리아 기능에 미치는 영향

임신 전 부모의 운동이 새끼 쥐 해마의 신경가소성과 미토콘드리아 기능에 미치는 영향

Parental In-Law Preferences for Similarity in China

Across different cultures and across different times, parents exercise considerable influence over their children’s mate choices. When exercising such influence, parents are interested in finding daughters- and sons-in-law who are similar to them and to their children. In this paper, the preference for similarity was examined in China. On the basis of a sample of 534 Chinese parents, it was found that mothers and fathers preferred as daughters- and sons-in-law individuals who were similar to them and to their children, and who came from families of similar background. Comparisons were also made between the preference for similarity of Greek-Cypriot parents from previous studies and the preference for similarity of Chinese parents from the current study. The results indicated that the two groups converged considerably in their preferences. However, differences also existed, predominantly over religious and ethnic background.

Suporte social parental e prevenção na primeira infância em contextos de adversidade: A perspetiva de profissionais de educação de infância e saúde mental no Brasil

Este estudo, qualitativo e exploratório, tem como objetivo conhecer as perceções de profissionais que trabalham em creche e em serviços de saúde mental para a infância (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para a Infância – CAPSi) sobre as suas funções de suporte social parental em contextos de adversidade. Ambiciona, simultaneamente, identificar asrepresentações sobre parentalidade subjacentes a essas perceções.As instituições participantes servem famílias moradoras em favelas ou em condições de adversidade na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil. Utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante durante nove semanas. Foram entrevistados 17 profissionaiscuidadores de crianças, sendo seis na creche e 11 no CAPSi. Dificuldades na intervenção são atribuídas, pelos profissionais, ao contexto socioeconómico das famílias. Atitudes parentais negativas e coercitivas são normalizadas pelos profissionais no âmbito da cultura brasileira. Conclui-se pela necessidade de suporte social ao profissional de suportesocial parental formal à família em condição de adversidade socioeconómica no Brasil.

Validación de la Escala de Parentalidad Positiva (EPP) para evaluar programas presenciales y online de apoyo parental || Validation of the Positive Parenting Scale (PPS) for evaluating face-to-face and online parenting support programs

Como continuación del estudio donde se presentó la Escala de Apoyo Parental Online (EAPO), como parte de la evaluación del programa “Educar en Positivo” (http://educarenpositivo.es), el presente estudio describe la validación de una nueva escala para evaluar los principios de la parentalidad positiva en usuarios de programas presenciales y online. Para la validación de la Escala de Parentalidad Positiva (EPP) se contó con 323 padres y madres españoles y latinoamericanos, registrados en dicho programa. Para obtener la estructura factorial de la escala, se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (MESE) con rotación Oblimin y para su confirmación el método de estimación de ponderación de mínimos cuadrados ajustados por la media y varianza (WLSMW). Se realizó también una prueba de la validez discriminante de la escala por medio del análisis del área bajo la curva ROC (ABC) y su comprobación mediante un análisis multivariado de covarianza (MANCOVA). Los resultados muestran una factorización óptima en el modelo de cuatro factores: Implicación familiar, Afecto y reconocimiento, Comunicación y control del estrés y Actividades compartidas con una fiabilidad adecuada. Asimismo, se demostró la capacidad discriminativa de la escala en función del perfil de experiencia y uso educativo de Internet, una vez controlada la posible influencia del nivel educativo de los participantes. La escala muestra unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y su contenido recoge los aspectos clave del ejercicio de la parentalidad positiva, lo que resulta muy útil para evaluar la efectividad de los programas basados en dicho enfoque.

Homage to the 'H' in developmental origins of health and disease.

Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the 'H' in DOHaD? It is the 'H' component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The 'H' paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.

Overcoming barriers to exercise among parents: a social cognitive theory perspective.

Parents face numerous barriers to exercise and exhibit high levels of inactivity. Examining theory-based determinants of exercise among parents may inform interventions for this population. The purpose of this study was to test a social-cognitive model of parental exercise participation over a 12-month period. Mothers (n=226) and fathers (n=70) of children <16 completed measures of exercise, barriers self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and exercise planning at baseline and 1year later. Panel analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships. Barriers self-efficacy was related to exercise directly and indirectly through perceived barriers and prioritization/planning. Prioritization and planning also mediated the relationship between perceived barriers and exercise. These paths remained significant at 12months. These results suggest efforts to increase exercise in parents should focus on improving confidence to overcome exercise barriers, reducing perceptions of barriers, and helping parents make specific plans for prioritizing and engaging in exercise.