Parental Divorce Research Articles

Political socialization, parental separation, and political ideology in adulthood

The increase in divorce rates over the past decades challenges the traditional image of the two-parent family, as new family forms are increasingly more common. Yet, the traditional view of the family has remained central to political socialization research. Therefore, we propose and empirically test a theoretical framework regarding the consequences of parental separation for processes of political socialization. While the impact of parental divorce has been studied extensively by sociologists, the political implications of this impactful life event have remained largely uncovered. We identify two mechanisms that we expect to predict more leftist political orientations in children of separated parents compared to those from intact families: experiences of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization. Multi-level analyses using the European Values Study (2008) and two-generational analyses with the Swiss Household Panel (1999–2020) support our expectations, indicating that in case of parental separation offspring tends to hold more leftist political orientations, controlling for selection into parental separation and the intergenerational transmission of political ideology. We find empirical support for mechanisms of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization across our analyses. The implications of our findings are that in the family political socialization process, offspring's political orientations are not only influenced by their parents' ideology, but also by formative experiences that result from the family structure.

Childhood adversities and rate of adulthood all-cause hospitalization in the general population: A retrospective cohort study.

The study examined the association between specific childhood adversities and rate of all-cause hospitalization in adulthood in a large sample of the general population and assessed whether adult socioeconomic and health-related factors mediate those associations. We used linked data available from Statistics Canada i.e., the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS-2005) linked to Discharge Abstract Database (DAD 2005-2017) and Canadian Vital Statistics Database (CVSD 2005-2017). CCHS-2005 measured self-reported exposure to childhood adversities, namely prolonged hospitalization, parental divorce, parental unemployment, prolonged trauma, parental substance use, physical abuse, and being sent away from home for wrongdoing, from a sample of household residents aged 18 years and above (n = 11,340). The number and causes of hospitalization were derived from linkage with DAD. Negative binomial regression was used to characterize the association between childhood adversities and the rate of hospitalization and to identify potential mediators between them. During the 12-year follow-up, 37,080 hospitalizations occurred among the respondents, and there were 2,030 deaths. Exposure to at least one childhood adversity and specific adversities (except parental divorce) were significantly associated with the hospitalization rate among people below 65 years. The associations (except for physical abuse) were attenuated when adjusted for one or more of the adulthood factors such as depression, restriction of activity, smoking, chronic conditions, poor perceived health, obesity, unmet health care needs, poor education, and unemployment, observations that are consistent with mediation effects. The associations were not significant among those aged 65 and above. Childhood adversities significantly increased the rate of hospitalization in young and middle adulthood, and the effect was potentially mediated by adulthood socioeconomic status and health and health care access related factors. Health care overutilization may be reduced through primary prevention of childhood adversities and intervention on those potentially mediating pathways such as improving adulthood socioeconomic circumstances and lifestyle modifications.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERCERAIAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

This study has the objective of explaining the relationship between parental divorce and the learning motivation of elementary school students. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by gathering sources related to the topic raised. Data analysis was carried out by reducing data, analysing and synthesizing linkages and interpretations according to the research objectives. So that the results obtained are that the divorce of parents has a negative influence on elementary school students, namely: 1) giving less affection from both parents, 2) achievement and low enthusiasm for learning, 3) low self-confidence and social skills, and 4) Self-regulation is also low. Divorce has a bad influence on the social environment, life and motivation and student achievement. Children's emotions are so influential on children's learning activities, such as feelings of joy, security, fear, anxiety, anger and sadness.

Disease profile, HIV prevalence and vaccination status of HIV-infected children admitted at a hospital complex, Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Despite the availability of vertical transmission prevention, treatment, and immunisation programmes for better health outcomes, children are still infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Those accessing treatment are either virally unsuppressed or have severe forms of diseases, while others have missed opportunities for vaccination. HIV infected children are vulnerable to infections, re-hospitalisation, and missing vaccinations. The study determined the disease profile, HIV prevalence, readmission, and immunisation status of children admitted to Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital in Northern Cape Province, South Africa. This was a retrospective review of 328 medical records of children less than 14 years, admitted from January 2017 to January 2018. The mean age was 3.6 years, and the majority were females. Most children presented with appetite loss and fatigue, and the most common admission diagnoses were lower respiratory tract infection and acute gastroenteritis. The prevalence of HIV in this group was 24%. Over 50% were readmitted, and 17% of those were HIV positive. Most HIV positive children (62%) had missed vaccinations, predominantly measles, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Older children, those infected with HIV, and those who had missed the measles vaccine were significantly associated with readmission. Children of mothers with higher educational status who were either single or married were less likely to be readmitted compared to those with a lower education level and divorced parents. The rate of readmission is relatively high; therefore, improving care and scaling up catch-up immunisations for children, especially among HIV-infected, may offer them better protection and outcomes against vaccine-preventable diseases considering their risk for incomplete immunisation and infectious diseases.

More than two parents?

More and more children in the Netherlands grow up in stepfamilies and stepparents may play an important role in children’s lives. Stepparents have had relatively few legal rights, yet the strengthening of their legal position – as well as of other parental figures – has been an ongoing public and political issue in Dutch society. Little is known about how parents actually think about parental rights for stepparents. Using large-scale Dutch survey data from 2020, this study described divorced and separated parents’ attitudes toward parental responsibility and legal parenthood of stepparents in stepfamilies. In addition, the study explored how support for these rights depended upon people’s own (step)family situation and the role of conflict in these associations. Results showed that a minority of parents supported legal rights for stepparents. About a third of parents thought that resident stepparents should be able to get partial parental responsibility compared to 8% in favour of full parental responsibility for these stepparents. Support for rights of nonresident stepparents and for legal parenthood of stepparents was lower. Support levels were found to be dependent on parents’ own experiences with stepparenting, particularly in case divorced parents had much conflict with their ex-partner. Parents with full-time resident children and those with a new partner (especially a spouse) were more supportive, whereas parents whose ex-partner had a new partner and family as well as those who had nonresident stepchildren living part time or full time with the ex-partner of their new partner showed less support. Overall, the results suggest that support for establishing legal rights for stepparents is not self-evident among divorced and separated parents and that views on stepparent rights likely differ between different parental figures, even more so in high-conflict situations.

Metabolic syndrome in children: risk factors, diagnostic features and treatment

Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children is increasing, in parallel with the increasing trends of obesity rates and his fact requires the early diagnosis of risk factors through the use of non-invasive biomarkers. Aim of the study: Estimation of risk factors contributing to the onset of metabolic syndrome in children, as well as some particularities of diagnosis and treatment. Material and methods: The results are obtained from the research project titled «Evolutionary aspects of the metabolic syndrome in children under treatment with gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors», with code 20.80009.8007.33, within the State Program 2020-2023, carried out in the scientific laboratory of pediatric cardiology of the IMSP Institute of Cardiology, Republic of Moldova. The study included 43 children aged 10-18 years (general research group), diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS), estimated according to the IDF 2007 criteria. The gender ratio was: 24 (55.8%) boys and 19 (44.2%) girls. The control group consisted of 50 children (normotensive and normoweight), of similar age (25 children each (50% in each age category) - 26 (52%) boys and 24 (48%) girls), without hereditary and family anamnesis aggravated by cardiovascular pathologies, obesity and type II diabetes. Depending on the treatment received in addition to the non-pharmacological treatment, the children were divided into 3 groups: group I received ACE inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors), group II - gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors (orlip), group III - ACE inhibitors and gastro lipase inhibitors -intestinal (orlip). Risk factors were assessed according to a specially developed questionnaire. Serum adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) and TNF-α were evaluated by the immunoenzymatic ELISA method, hs-CRP by the latex-immunoturbidimetry method, and serum insulin by the immunochemical method with electrochemiluminescence detection (ECLIA). The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee. Results: Most of the children were sedentary, had poor nutrition, as well as a hereditary history aggravated by hypertension and obesity. Also, in the families of these children, more harms were encountered: chronic stress (divorced parents, conflicts with parents, schoolmates, teachers, etc.), as well as exposure to passive smoking. The serum level of leptin (35,4±2,61 vs 7,9±0,23 ng/ml; p<0.001), hs – CRP (3,0±0,44 vs 0,2±0,01 mg/l; p<0.001), TNFα (9,1±0,43 vs 3,1±0,09 pg/ml; p<0.001) was higher, and adiponectin (5,1±0,38 vs 11,0±0,33 μg/ml; p<0.001) lower in children with metabolic syndrome, compared to the control group. Regardless of the medication administered, all drug combination formulas contributed to the decrease in the degree of obesity, blood pressure values, blood fat levels, as well as serum insulin values in the interval of 3 months after the initiation of the medication. Conclusion: The causes of metabolic syndrome in children are multiple and involve interactions between genetic, environmental (sedentary, high-calorie diet), hormonal and metabolic factors that ultimately lead to the appearance of the conditions that characterize this syndrome. Hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, and increased serum PCRhs and TNFα values suggested that these adipokines/cytokines contribute to subclinical inflammation in children with MS and may also serve as biomarkers of MS. In combination with a low-calorie diet, regular exercise, and behavioral changes, treatment with gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors may help reduce the degree of obesity and hypertension, respectively.

0381 Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Adult Sleep Duration, Control Over Sleep, and Daytime Sleepiness

Abstract Introduction Adverse childhood events have been linked with many mental and physical health risks, but less work has explored nighttime and daytime sleep problems, especially inability to control sleep. Methods Data were obtained from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study of N=1007 adults aged 22-60 years recruited from communities in southeastern Pennsylvania. Adverse childhood experiences were defined as a self-reported history of child abuse, parent divorce, parent death, parent with depression, parent with anxiety disorder, and childhood poverty (yes/no). Habitual sleep duration was assessed in hours, daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and control over sleep was assessed with the Brief Index of Sleep Control (BRISC). Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education. Additional models included depression severity, assessed using a modified version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results History of child abuse was associated with 23 fewer minutes of nighttime sleep (p=0.001), and parent anxiety was associated with 15 fewer minutes (p=0.048). When depression was added to the model, the effects for sleep duration were attenuated (15.3 minutes, p=0.03). No other relationships were observed. Regarding control over nighttime sleep, decreased sense of control was reported by those who experienced child abuse (B=-0.4, p< 0.0005), parent divorce (B=-0.1, p=0.035), and parent depression (B=-0.2, p=0.02). After adjusting for depression, the relationship with child abuse was attenuated but maintained (B=-0.2, p< 0.0005). Elevated ESS scores were seen in those who reported child abuse (B=4.7, p< 0.0005), parent depression (B=4.3, p< 0.0005), and parent anxiety (B=3.9, p< 0.0005). After adjusting for depression, relationships were attenuated but maintained for child abuse (B=2.0, p=0.02), parent depression (B=2.2, p=0.004), and parent anxiety (B=2.2, p=0.017). Conclusion Adverse childhood events may lead to sleep/wake dysregulation, including less sleep at night, more sleepiness during the day, and decreased sense of control over sleep ability. Future efforts might focus on increasing control over nighttime sleep and reducing daytime sleepiness. Support (if any)

Analysis of the Establishment Procedure of the Indonesian Tabur Kasih Anak Foundation

A foundation is a legal entity where the purpose of the legal entity is for social, religious and humanitarian purposes. This institution was established with conditions that have been regulated and its existence has been recognized by the community and the State. In Indonesia, the establishment of a foundation is regulated in Law number 28 of 2004 and has now been updated, namely in Law number 16 of 2001, in Law number 28 of 2004 and also Law number 16 of 2001, not only in the form of rules but also of a coercive nature. The Orphanage is a place to care for orphaned children. But it's not only orphans in the orphanage, there are also children who have been abandoned by their parents. Like a victim of parental divorce. The Orphanage is sheltered by a foundation.

Methods of Islamic Guidance and Social Counseling in Overcoming Teenagers’ Psychological Matters Due to Parental Divorce

This study aims to highlight the impacts of parent’s divorce on teenagers in Garanta Village, Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach to provide a broad insight into a phenomenon then was switched to data. Using this approach, the study solicited eight participants of six teenagers, the head of District Religious Affairs Office and a parent. Data were gathered through interviews and observations, and were collected through a process that follows the scientific method including choosing the topic, focusing on research questions, as well as collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data. The results of the study showed that teenagers disregarded their environment, became depressed, hated parents, felt very irritable, or were very sad. In response to these psychological negativities, Islamic religious educators employed a persuasive approach, delivered guidance, and provided an adequate solution to deal with the profound sadness that has appeared over time since parental separation. This study implies that the Islamic religious instructors should have the professional duty to take a meaningful care. They should establish an outreach program in society for helping those who are vulnerable in the community, especially the parents and teenagers, and both take part in the instruction to accumulate more knowledge to heal the psychological impacts due to the parental separation.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak dari perceraian yang dirasakan oleh remaja di Desa Garanta Kecamatan Ujung Loe Kabupaten Bulukumba. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif yang memberikan pandangan luas dari sebuah fenomena yang dijadikan sebagai data penelitian. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan ini, penelitian ini melibatkan delapan orang yang terdiri dari: enam remaja, kepala KUA dan orang tua. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan interview dan observasi serta diperoleh lewat sebuah proses yang sesuai dengan metode ilmiah seperti: menentukan topik, membuat pertanyaan penelitian, dan juga mengumpulkan, menganalisis, serta menginterpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan para remaja bersikap acuh terhadap lingkungan, mengalami tertekan, benci orang tua, mudah marah-marah, atau merasa sedih. Menyikapi kondisi psikologi yang negatif, Penyuluh agama Islam menggunakan tindakan persuasif, memberikan pembinaan, serta mencarikan solusi terbaik dari anak agar tidak berlarut- larut dalam kesedihan yang dialami setelah orang tua mereka bercerai. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi bahwa Penyuluh Agama Islam secara profesional sebaiknya lebih aktif lagi untuk turun kelapangan, untuk melakukan pendekatan kepada masyarakat khususnya para orang tua serta remaja korban perceraian agar tugas dari para penyuluh juga terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya dan dampak psikologis dari perceraian yang mereka alami akan berkurang.

Does Parental Absence Harm Children’s Education? Evidence from Vietnam

This study analyzes the impacts of parental absence due to migration, death, or divorce on children’s school enrollment in Vietnam. We find children from two-parent families have a better chance of enrolling at all levels of education than those from single-parent families. Within single-family types, the negative effect on children of parental divorce is higher than that of parental death, while the effect of parental migration is the lowest. We find that children living with a single mother tend to have higher school enrollment than those living with a single father, indicating the critical role of mothers in children’s education. JEL Classification: I1, I2, O1.

THE CULTURE AND YOUTH RESILIENCE STRATEGIES: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY

Youth face a variety of difficulties and obstacles as they mature. Bullying, racial discrimination, trouble adjusting, parental divorce, and parental pressures for accomplishment are all sources of stress or risk factors. However, little is known about the components that contribute to teenage resilience development. The process of negotiating, managing, and adjusting to a large source of stress or trauma is referred to as resilience. Internal and external variables have an impact on resilience. External influences include the individual's attachment to culture, as well as cognitive ability and gender. The study's goal is to look at the cultural elements that influence the development of youth resilience. The research method was descriptive qualitative, with interviews conducted through focus group discussions (FGD) with 31 high school and vocational high school students from several large cities and regencies in the islands of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Bali, and Lombok. According to the study's findings, there is a contribution from local cultural values that promotes youth resilience. Life values such as modest living and respect for the elderly are part of the local culture. Several strategies are employed in the development of youth resilience. Youth resilience may be built by strengthening independent drive, mutual trust, confidence, seeing difficulties, and controlling emotions. The five strategies can help individuals and prosocial persons improve their interactions.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Orang Tua Angkat yang Bercerai Terhadap Anak Angkat Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak (Studi Putusan Nomor 1294/Pdt.G/2015/Pa.Mks)

This qualitative study examines the responsibility of adoptive parents towards adopted children during divorce, the legal protection for adopted children in such situations, and analyzes Decision Number 1294/Pdt.G/2015/PA Mks. Adoptive parents, according to Islamic Law, should not sever the lineage/blood relationship with the biological parents, as adoption represents a humanitarian mission grounded in faith. Government Regulation Number 54 of 2007 sets conditions for child adoption, requiring prospective adoptive parents to possess economic and social capabilities to ensure proper care and education. In civil law, divorced adoptive parents remain responsible for the child's well-being until adulthood. Adopted children are protected in their rights, even in the event of divorce. The court's decision in Case Number 1294/Pdt.G/2015/PA Mks, granting custody to the mother, aligns with Islamic Law (Article 105). Divorce should be a last resort, with alternative solutions sought to protect children. Strengthening laws and regulations on child adoption is crucial to prevent broad interpretations. The government should provide counseling on the importance of registering adopted children's identities for their rights as Indonesian citizens. Judges should consider age-specific living arrangements for children, recognizing differing financial needs based on age

Families in High-Conflict Divorces: Parent Outcomes of No Kids in the Middle

ABSTRACT This study reports on the short-term outcomes of the multi-family group intervention “No Kids in the Middle” (NKM). NKM is aimed at decreasing parental conflicts, hostile attributions about the ex-partner, and perceived social network disapproval of the ex-partner in high-conflict divorces (HCD). Interventions such as NKM are important as persistent parental conflicts can have severe negative consequences for children. For the current study, 167 HCD parents completed questionnaires at the start and end of NKM and at 6-month follow-up. A convenience sample of 136 divorced parents who were not in high conflict completed a single assessment. Their scores were used to define whether the reliable change index (RCI) for the HCD group represented a meaningful change. Parental conflict and social network disapproval of parents in a HCD decreased throughout all assessments. Hostile attributions did not change. The results provide initial evidence that NKM might help reduce conflict in HCD.

The Effects of Parental Conflicts and Divorce Towards Self-efficacy in Romantic Relationships of Young Adults Male

Parental conflict and divorce trends have been increasing over the years and hinder parents from nurturing their children, particularly fathers. Fathers are more likely to disengage in parenting after a divorce. This may affect children in their romantic relationships in later life. This study aimed to examine the effects of parental conflict and divorce and father parenting practices towards self-efficacy in romantic relationships of young adults male. The study applied quantitative methods with correlational, comparative, and regression analysis. 62 male and single young adults whose parents were divorced before the age of 18 were involved and chosen with purposive sampling. The data was collected by using the children's perception of interparental conflict scale (α=0.92), parental acceptance-rejection questionnaire (α=0.86), and self-efficacy in romantic relationship scale (α=0.89). The results revealed that there is a partial correlation between parental conflict intensity and relationship anxiety and other aspects related to the self-efficacy of young male adults. Paired t-test illustrated differences in self-efficacy in romantic relationships based on individual characteristics and father parenting practices (negative). Regression analysis also demonstrated a significant effect of father parenting practices, both positive and negative, towards self-efficacy in romantic relationships. In conclusion, the efficacy of romantic relationships in early adulthood from divorced families is influenced by negative paternal parenting.

PERILAKU ANAK KORBAN PERCERAIAN ORANG TUA

The high number of divorce cases, especially in the East Jakarta area, is feared to have an impact on the behavior of children who are victims of parental divorce which can become problematic. This study aims to determine the behavior of children who are victims of parental divorce. The research was conducted in East Jakarta from October 2022 to February 2023. This research uses the descriptive quantitative method. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique. The sample in this research is divorced parents who have early childhood and are members of a single-parent community of 100 respondents. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. The instrument used to measure behavioral problems is The Child Behavior Checklist and Related Forms for Assessing Behavioral/Emotional Problems and Competencies (CBCL). The questionnaire used has 58 statements after being validated with the dimensions of emotionally reactive, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, withdrawn, sleep problems, attention problems, and aggressive behavior. Data were processed and analyzed using descriptive statistic analysis techniques and correlation analysis (chi-square). The results showed that the behavioral problems of early childhood whose parents divorced were at a moderate level with an average value of 41.54. The results also show that there is no relationship between the characteristics of the respondents, such as the child's gender, the child's age, the father's occupation, and the mother's occupation, with the child's behavior problems, meanwhile, there is a relationship between the characteristics of the parent who nurtures the child and the child's behavior problems. This result means that early childhood whose parents are divorced have few behavioral problems that will arise if something or an event triggers it.

Weakened parent–child ties and the well-being of older divorced parents

Weakened parent–child ties and the well-being of older divorced parents

Adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index in the HUNT study: A population-based cohort study.

Investigate the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in a population-based cohort in Trøndelag county, Norway. We linked data from the third (2006-2008) or fourth (2017-2019) survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for 6679 women. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy BMI. Adverse childhood experiences were self-reported in adulthood and included perceiving childhood as difficult, parental divorce, parental death, dysfunctional family environment, bad childhood memories and lack of support from a trusted adult. Pre-pregnancy BMI was derived from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway or BMI measurement from the HUNT survey conducted within 2 years prior to the woman's pregnancy. Perceiving childhood as difficult was associated with higher odds of pre-pregnancy underweight (OR 1.78, 95%CI 0.99-3.22) and obesity (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.14-2.2). A difficult childhood was positively associated with obesity with an adjusted OR of 1.19, 95%CI 0.79-1.81 (class I obesity), 2.32, 95%CI 1.35-4.01 (class II obesity) and 4.62, 95%CI 2.0-10.65 (class III obesity). Parental divorce was positively associated obesity (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.10-1.63). Bad childhood memories were associated with both overweight (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.01-1.79) and obesity (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.13-2.34). Parental death was not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Childhood adversities were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Our results suggest that the positive associations between childhood adversities and pre-pregnancy obesity increased with increasing obesity level.

The association between online learning, parents' marital status, and internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A cross-lagged panel network approach

IntroductionPrevious research has identified the association between online learning and Internet addiction (IA) and the role of family factors in it. However, few studies have treated IA as a multidimensional mechanism and explored the underlying linkage of online learning, IA, and parental marital status with a cross-lagged network approach. The study aimed to examine the relationship between online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, Internet addiction (IA), and parental marital status among Chinese adolescents. MethodsThe sample consisted of 2356 adolescents who completed the Internet Addiction Test twice over a four-month period. Four symptom networks and two cross-lagged panel networks were performed. ResultsThe results showed that adolescents from divorced families had a higher prevalence of IA (27 %) compared to those from non-divorced families (17 %). The strongest cross-lagged association was found between “spending more time online” and “preferring the excitement online”. In the divorced group, “school grades suffering” had the highest influence, while in the non-divorced group, “anticipation” had the highest influence. ConclusionThis study highlights the relationship between online learning, IA, and parental divorce and suggests that long-term online learning may contribute to IA, and parental divorce may exacerbate problematic Internet use and increase IA levels.

Development of Family Adaptability and Cohesion from Adolescence to Young Adulthood and Associations with Parental Behavior

Previous research has demonstrated the influence of family functioning on developmental outcomes but only a few studies have addressed the normative changes of family functioning during adolescence. While there is evidence that family adaptability is stable, findings regarding the development of family cohesion levels are controversial. The focus on the association of family functioning with parenting behavior has also been quite limited. Some studies have revealed that an authoritative parenting style is connected with better family functioning, but only a small body of research has analyzed the association with the main dimensions of parenting behavior. The current study investigated developmental trajectories of family adaptability and cohesion from adolescence to young adulthood. The impact of sex, number of siblings, marital status, socioeconomic status and parenting behavior was studied in a sample of N = 619 participants from a longitudinal Swiss study at two measurement times. Repeated measures ANOVAs and cross-sectional linear regression models were used to analyze the data. There was a significant developmental decline in perceived family cohesion but no change in adaptability from adolescence to young adulthood. In addition, there was a significant main effect of socioeconomic status on adaptability and of parental divorce on cohesion. Boys experienced a significantly steeper decline in family cohesion than girls. Adaptability and cohesion were predicted by perceived parental acceptance and psychological control at both measurement times while cohesion was also significantly predicted by perceived parental structure. The findings reflect normative developmental processes in the transition period.

The Effects of Parental Divorce and Separation on Children

The Effects of Parental Divorce and Separation on Children