Parental Confidence Research Articles

Factors related to parenting confidence among pregnant women experiencing intimate partner violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with perinatal health problems and postpartum psychopathology. Prenatal IPV is also detrimental to a mother's perceptions of her unborn child, which may impact early parenting skills and contribute to negative effects on infant development. This study explored factors associated with parenting confidence among IPV-exposed pregnant women. Participants included 137 women who experienced IPV during pregnancy (Mage = 27.3 years; 66.9% African American/Black). Hierarchical linear regression modeling was used to examine factors that may be related to parenting confidence, with number of children and number of pregnancy complications entered in Model 1, adverse childhood experiences and IPV severity added in Model 2, and depressive symptoms and resilience added in Model 3. All models were significant, with the final model accounting for 23.2% of the variance in parenting confidence, F(6, 130) = 6.53, p < .001, R² = .23. In this model, having other children (β = .18, p = .023), fewer pregnancy complications (β = -.19, p = .019), and higher resilience (β = .33, p < .001) were associated with higher parenting confidence. Results suggest that intervention strategies that promote resilience and address pregnant women's health concerns may facilitate greater parenting confidence among IPV-exposed pregnant women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The Impacts and Outcomes of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM) in Newborn Sequential Therapeutic Implementation

Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation in the oral and maxillofacial regions. According to epidemiological investigation, the incidence rate is about 1.625%, and the incidence rate is high in poor areas and rural areas. Cleft lip and palate mainly involve the upper lip, hard palate, soft palate and nose, which can damage the appearance of children, affect pronunciation, swallowing and chewing, and also bring different degrees of psychological damage to children in the growth stage. Therefore, we should actively carry out sequential treatment and participate in the treatment work through multi-disciplines. Based on restoring the oral and maxillofacial function and health of children, we should also pay attention to their aesthetic needs, enhance the treatment confidence of parents and children, and lay the foundation for the follow-up repair treatment. Most patients with cleft lip and palate are complicated with malocclusion. Orthodontic treatment is an important part of the treatment of cleft lip and palate. The orthodontic treatment of cleft lip and palate can be divided into five periods: newborn period, deciduous dentition period, mixed dentition period, permanent dentition period and combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment period. Presurgicalnasoalveolar molding (PNAM) was used to reduce the severity of facial deformity in children with cleft lip and palate. This article discusses the therapeutic effect of newborn PNAM according to clinical cases. Objective to study the opportunity and current situation of PNAM in the treatment of children with cleft lip and palate, and to provide a favorable reference for clinical orthodontists, emphasizing the close communication between various disciplines.

PROTOCOL: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of parenting programmes for parents of adolescents (10-18 years) on adolescent mental health outcomes, positive development and the parent-adolescent relationship.

PROTOCOL: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of parenting programmes for parents of adolescents (10-18 years) on adolescent mental health outcomes, positive development and the parent-adolescent relationship.

10. COVID-19 Impact on Parent/Young Adult Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Vaccines for Adolescents and Young Adults

The study (1) assesses the impact of COVID-19 on attitudes of parents and adolescents/young adults (AYAs) toward vaccines for AYAs and (2) captures perspectives through the phases of public health interventions, social behaviors, economic impact, and potential treatments and COVID-19 vaccines. A multi-wave, on-line survey of two U.S. representative groups: (1) parents of AYAs ages 13-18 (n=500) and (2) AYAs ages 13-18 (n=300). Survey Wave 1 was fielded Aug 11-28, 2020. Two additional survey waves are planned during the 2020/21 flu season (Wave 2) and when COVID-19 vaccines are licensed (Wave 3). The survey replicates questions on vaccine and preventive health attitudes previously measured in Unity research conducted in 2016, generating pre-pandemic comparisons. Survey Wave 1 survey results indicate that confusion and fear around COVID-19 is impacting adolescent health beyond the risks associated with the pandemic. About half of parents report cancelled or postponed well visits due to the pandemic, translating to missing critical preventative health measures including vaccines and mental health check-ins. The data confirms that stress and anxiety are prominent in the teen pandemic experience as reported by teens and perceived by their parents. Influenza and a potential Covid-19 vaccine rate lower in importance compared to other routinely recommended adolescent vaccines. As other recent national polls of adults have reported, Wave 1 results confirm high proportions of parents of teens expect to "wait and see" about a new COVID-19 vaccine, and will actively seek assurance on vaccine safety and efficacy. Providers will be the primary, trusted source of COVID-19 vaccine information for parents while teens continue to rely on their parents for healthcare guidance and decisions. A significant proportion of teens are taking the pandemic seriously and perhaps even more so than their parents. Analyses of key responses by panel characteristics (e.g., personal experience with COVID-19, stress level, personal and household characteristics, etc.) and comparisons to Unity's pre-pandemic survey responses will be shared. This Unity survey series uniquely assesses the impact of COVID-19 on AYA preventive health and immunization. Wave 1 results reveal implications for increased and sustained urgency to catch-up and prioritize AYA missed and ongoing well-visits throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The confusion and fear around COVID-19 is impacting adolescent health beyond the risks associated with the pandemic, highlighting the need for critical preventative health measures including vaccines and mental health check-ins. Uncertainty around the safety and efficacy of potential COVID-19 vaccines may hinder parents from vaccinating their AYAs, especially for those who believe AYA risk of severe illness is low. Vaccine stakeholders will need to unify and engage to build parent and AYA confidence to get both routine vaccines and future COVID-19 vaccine(s). This includes equipping HCPs to confidently, concisely and consistently recommend routine vaccines and addressing concerns around COVID-19 vaccine testing, safety and efficacy standards. Additional research implications include engaging AYAs to take ownership in routine vaccination and COVID-19 prevention, to positively influence their families and peers, and to create educational content for their peers.

Special educational needs and disability tribunals in England 1994-2019

ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of the rate of appeal to the Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) Tribunal in England by analysis of official data published by the Ministry of Justice. The article will also consider the effects of socio-economic deprivation on appeals and hearings, the fiscal constraints placed on Local Authorities and the 2018 change to the calculation of the rate of appeal. The 2014 Children and Families Act consigns a greater emphasis on the avoidance of disagreements, nevertheless appeals to the Tribunal have more than doubled since 2015. Analyses of appeal and hearing rates are conducted for all English Local Authorities (LAs) and regions using the government’s Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index to identify levels of deprivation. The research confirms significant variations across LAs and regions and concludes that the appeal and hearing rates in areas with lower socio-economic status (SES) are significantly smaller than in the least deprived areas. There still continues to be considerable challenges to improving parental confidence for the SEND non-statutory offer (Lamb, 2009, 2019). The question remains though how achievable is this in the exceptionally uncertain funding environment, post Covid-19?

Expectant parents' vaccine decisions influenced by the 2018 Chinese vaccine crisis: A cross-sectional study

Immunization programs have been challenged by vaccine crises. Between 2013 and 2018, China has experienced three major vaccine scandals and crises, which has partly impaired Chinese public trust in domestically produced vaccines. This study aims to explore the associations between parental trust toward CDC-released crisis communication information, parents' critical understanding of crisis information, parental confidence in vaccine efficacy, and parental vaccine decisions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1065 expectant parents two weeks after the 2018 vaccine crisis was revealed. The proportion of parental hesitancy toward domestically produced vaccines and overall vaccination increased from 30.6% to 82.7% and 8.3% to 52.1%, respectively, after the crisis. Parents with higher levels of trust toward crisis communication information were less likely to report vaccine hesitancy toward both domestically produced vaccines and vaccines overall after the crisis. Parents with better critical understanding of crisis information were less likely to report a vaccine hesitancy toward overall vaccine and more likely to maintain a vaccine intention. Additionally, parents with lower levels of confidence in vaccine efficacy were more likely to became vaccine hesitant but were also more likely to maintain their vaccine intentions after the crisis. It is crucial to guarantee the safety of vaccines, maintain parental confidence in vaccine efficacy, and eliminate the potential risks that result in parental vaccine hesitancy. Future crisis communication strategies are encouraged to ensure timely responses to sustain public confidence.

Parents get the skills to enhance at-home learning

Programme aims to improve children's outcomes by boosting their parents' skills and confidence in helping them to learn through everyday activities at home

Vaccine Confidence and the Importance of an Interdisciplinary Approach.

Parental confidence in vaccines is waning. To sustain and improve childhood vaccine coverage rates, insights from multiple disciplines are needed to understand and address the socio-cultural factors contributing to decreased vaccine confidence and uptake.

Association of Maternal Confidence and Breastfeeding Practices in Hispanic Women Compared to Non-Hispanic White Women.

Understanding modifiable factors related to breastfeeding initiation and duration is critical to increase breastfeeding rates. Maternal parenting confidence is a modifiable factor whose association with breastfeeding duration has not previously been investigated. In a retrospective cohort of 1023 mother-infant dyads, the association between maternal confidence and breastmilk feeding at 6 and 12 months of age were analyzed. The association of breastmilk frequency categories and maternal confidence score at 6 and 12 months was examined using multinomial logistic regression stratified by race, ethnicity, and adjusted for gestational age. We found that breastmilk feeding frequency at 6 months was negatively associated with the maternal confidence score. After stratification by ethnicity, the association was no longer significant. There was no association between human milk feeding frequency at 12 months and maternal confidence score at 12 months. Our results demonstrate the need for additional research to identify modifiable factors to increase breastfeeding rates.

A study of knowledge, attitude and practices about otitis media in parents in Navi-Mumbai

Although otitis media poses a serious health risk in developing countries, being a frequent occurrence in children below five years of age, parental awareness and practices about otitis media have not been adequately researched. Present cross-sectional study was undertaken in Navi Mumbai schools, from October 2019 to December 2019, wherein parents with children ≤5 years of age answered a questionnaire which gathered data on their knowledge, attitude and practices about otitis media in their wards. Chi-square tests, Cramer’s V were used to study association between gender, age-group and education of parents with their knowledge, practice and attitude about otitis media. Out of 425 valid responses, overall most parents displayed adequate knowledge (77%), positive attitude (61%) and good care-seeking practices (70%). There was a positive correlation of knowledge and practice with level of education. This study shows acceptable levels of knowledge, attitude and practices in parents about otitis media. Parents who did not seek treatment from health centre attributed the behaviour to poverty, ignorance and lack of health insurance. The positive correlation of knowledge and practices with level of education highlights the importance of role of education in modifying parental awareness and care seeking behaviour. Our findings call for a need to further strengthen community-based healthcare and improve parental confidence in healthcare services for early detection and adequate treatment of otitis media.

Marketing Breastfeeding Substitutes: A Discussion Document.

Marketing influences knowledge, attitudes, and decisions related to infant and young child nutrition, safety, development, parental confidence, and other aspects of health and wellbeing of the child. These attitudes and behaviours of parents, health workers, policy makers, and other influencers have short- and long-term effects on the child. There is an International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. Is it time to have a code of marketing of breastfeeding substitutes?

Pregnancy in the context of dyadic coping: a meta-analysis of foreign publications

In the present article the mediating role of dyadic coping is discussed in various aspects, which one way or another are related to the context of pregnancy and the subsequent birth of a child, through the meta-analysis of empirical foreign researches. These are such aspects as spouses adaptation, quality of life, adult romantic affection, parental confidence, parental stress and depression. The period of expecting a child is seen as a common stress factor for the partners. This corresponds to the concept of pregnancy and first postnatal year under the changing social and cultural context that was generally accepted by the foreign and Russian psychology. In addition, the article addresses many aspects of gender-based differences in the use of dyadic coping. It is noted that in close relationship ineffective dyadic coping can cause the risk of family problems and dysfunction of its members, in such a case the emphasis is placed not so much on the support provided but on its subjective perception. The article concludes that the dyadic coping internal mechanisms in the period of expecting a child would be useful to study on a Russian sample as one of the possible ways of therapeutic support of family under stress.

Linking Parent Confidence and Hospitalization through Mobile Health: A Multisite Pilot Study

To evaluate the associations between parent confidence in avoiding hospitalization and subsequent hospitalization in children with medical complexity (CMC); and feasibility/acceptability of a texting platform, Assessing Confidence at Times of Increased Vulnerability (ACTIV), to collect repeated measures of parent confidence. This prospective cohort study purposively sampled parent-child dyads (n=75) in 1 of 3 complex care programs for demographic diversity to pilot test ACTIV for 3months. At random days/times every 2weeks, parents received text messages asking them to rate confidence in their child avoiding hospitalization in the next month, from 1 (not confident) to 10 (fully confident). Unadjusted and adjusted generalized estimating equations with repeated measures evaluated associations between confidence and hospitalization in the next 14days. Post-study questionnaires and focus groups assessed ACTIV's feasibility/acceptability. Parents were 77.3% mothers and 20% Spanish-speaking. Texting response rate was 95.6%. Eighteen hospitalizations occurred within 14days after texting, median (IQR) 8 (2-10) days. When confidence was <5 vs≥5, adjusted odds (95% CI) of hospitalization within 2weeks were 4.02 (1.20-13.51) times greater. Almost all (96.8%) reported no burden texting, one-third desired more frequent texts, and 93.7% were very likely to continue texting. Focus groups explored the meaning of responses and suggested ACTIV improvements. In this demographically diverse multicenter pilot, low parent confidence predicted impending CMC hospitalization. Text messaging was feasible and acceptable. Future work will test efficacy of real-time interventions triggered by parent-reported low confidence.

A qualitative investigation of consumer experiences of the child directed interaction phase of parent–child interaction therapy with toddlers

BackgroundParent–child interaction therapy with toddlers (PCIT‐T) is an adaptation of standard PCIT, developed to treat young children (12–24-months) with disruptive behaviours. The aim of this study was to gather preliminary qualitative data to gauge parental perceptions about the program.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with five parents who received the first phase of the program, ‘child directed interaction‐Toddler’ (CDI‐T) at a community based child behaviour treatment clinic. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants were initially motivated to seek treatment because of concerns about and difficulties managing child behaviour. All participants reported a range of positive gains as a result of CDI‐T including new parenting strategies, improved parental confidence and improved parent–child relationship quality. Live coaching from behind the one‐way mirror, the relationship with the therapist and the home‐based practice of skills between sessions were identified as important treatment components. Many participants spoke, however, about the difficulties they experienced with continuing to implement the home practice after program completion.ConclusionsResults suggest that CDI‐T is perceived positively by consumers, and highlight a number of key program components.

Vaccines Attitudes, Concerns, and Information Sources Reported by Parents of Young Children among North Palestinian Parents.

Parental acceptance of routine childhood immunization is critical to protecting children's health, as high vaccination-coverage rates lead to decreased rates of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, to communicate effectively with parents about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, it is necessary to assess their vaccine-related attitudes and concerns continually. Recently the Palestine Ministry of Health has recorded epidemics of measles and mumps. Poor compliance with vaccination has been attributed to multiple factors including physician inadequacy advocating for vaccination and public mistrust of vaccinations. As a result, this study was conducted to describe the vaccine-related attitudes, concerns, and information sources of North Palestinian parents of young children. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving parents visiting emergency departments and primary health care centers from different North Palestinian hospitals and centers. 480 surveys were eligible and analyzed. The surveys revealed that although parental confidence in vaccine safety is high, several vaccine-related concerns, such as pain from vaccine administration and the number of vaccines given at once, were common among parents of young children. To maintain and improve the success of childhood vaccines in preventing disease, a holistic approach is needed to address parents' concerns in an ongoing manner. Listening and responding in ways and with resources that address specific questions and concerns could help parents make more informed vaccination decisions.

Supporting Aboriginal families’ and children’s developing sense of belonging at KindiLink

This paper reports on findings from four case studies, as part of a large-scale study undertaken to evaluate the KindiLink initiative across Western Australia in remote, regional and metropolitan communities. KindiLink is an educator-led playgroup initiative in public school sites in Western Australia targeted at Aboriginal children and their families. KindiLink aims included the cultivation of Aboriginal families’ and children’s developing sense of belonging and engagement at their local primary school. A constructivist paradigm was used to describe the subjective experiences of individuals, which was important to ascertain if the aims of KindiLink had been met. To complement the meaning-making of the experience, qualitative data were collected via detailed studies of four KindiLink sites to capture similarities and differences of the settings and gain depth of experience through the voices of the participants. The study found KindiLink successfully connected Aboriginal children and families to schools and built a sense of belonging and productive relationships between families, staff, school and the community in a culturally safe space. Furthermore, KindiLink developed the capacity and confidence of parents as their children’s first teachers and supported the home learning environment. The Aboriginal Indigenous education officer in each programme was critical to the engagement of Aboriginal families and acknowledgement of cultural aspects important to children’s growing cultural identities. The relationships built between KindiLink staff and families, and between families, were important for children’s and their families’ growing sense of belonging to the school, which assisted participation at school.

Women's experiences of their interactions with health care providers during the postnatal period in Australia: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

The objective of the review is to explore and evaluate women's experiences of interactions with health care providers during their postnatal period. The postnatal period is a transformative time for women. Women experience significant change and adaptation, which could impact upon parenting confidence, health, and psychological outcomes during this time. The interaction women have with their health care providers during the postnatal period plays an integral role in improving these health outcomes. This qualitative review will explore the experiences of primiparous and multiparous women during the postnatal period with a key focus on evaluating the interactions they have with health care providers. It will include all studies that utilize qualitative methods (such as interviews and focus groups). Articles that explore the postnatal care experiences of women who have endured a pregnancy loss, given birth to a baby with complex needs, or those that solely focus on describing the neonatal and intensive care experiences, will not be included. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, and PsycINFO will be searched. Studies published from 2000 onwards and written in English will be assessed for inclusion. Studies that are selected initially will be assessed for methodological quality by two independent reviewers utilizing the JBI critical appraisal instrument for qualitative research. PROSPERO CRD42020186384.

What are the effects of supporting early parenting by newborn behavioral observations (NBO)? A cluster randomised trial

BackgroundProfessional support to enhance the early parent-infant relationship in the first months after birth is recommended, but little is known about the effect of universal interventions. The objective was to investigate the effect of health visitors’ use of the Newborn Behavioral Observations system in new families.MethodsA cluster-randomised study was conducted in four Danish municipalities. Health visitors’ geographical districts constituted the units for randomisation (n = 17). In the intervention group, 1332 families received NBO from 3 weeks after birth; in the comparison group, 1234 received usual care. Self-administered questionnaires were collected at baseline one to two weeks after birth, and at follow-up three and nine months postpartum. The outcomes were change over time measured by The Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS), The Major Depression Inventory (MDI), The Ages and Stages Questionnaire: social-emotional (ASQ:SE) and The Mother and Baby Interaction Scale (MABIC). Data were analysed with mixed-effects linear regression using the intention-to-treat approach.ResultsAt baseline, no significant differences between the two groups were seen regarding maternal and infant factors. At follow-up three and nine months after birth, the change in maternal confidence and mood, infant’s socio-emotional behaviour, and early parent-infant relationship moved in a slightly more positive direction in the intervention group than in the comparison group, though not statistically significant. The only significant effect was that the intervention mothers reported higher level of knowledge about infant’s communication skills, response to cues, and how to sooth and establish a relation with the infant, compared to the comparison group.ConclusionsWe found no effect of the NBO system delivered in a universal context to all families in a community setting. The only significant difference between groups was a higher maternal degree of knowledge regarding early parenting in the intervention group.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03070652. Registrated February 22, 2017.

PERAN GURU DAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA

The education taught in Islam is an education that is based on faith and Taqwa. Student's personality will be created and colored by through a process of socialization in his life that takes place in the form of school culture, and interaction with his teachers. The purpose in this study is: (1) To describe the role of teacher in character building of student at mts mathla'ul anwar sukamaju? (2) To describe the development program can form a cultural character in MTs Mathla'ul Anwar Sukamaju? (3) To analyse the school's activities Program affect the formation of student characters in MTs Mathla'ul Anwar Sukamaju? dan (4) To analyse the effective program to form the character of students in MTs Mathla'ul Anwar Sukamaju. The research approach used in this study is a qualitative approach that aims to find out objectively the role of teacher and school culture in character building of student at mts mathla'ul anwar. Data collection techniques used were questionnaire, interview, observation and documentation. The results of his research are: The role of MTs Mathla'ul Anwar Sukamaju's teacher greatly shapes the character of a good student that is able to carry out their duties well by becoming an educator, instructor and at the same time a supervisor. School culture influences the formation of the character of their students where the environment holds the moral of students, the character education program policy at MTs Mathla'ul Anwar has carried out a character education planning by preparing a strategic plan that contains the vision and mission as well as the objectives. and the impact of the successful management of character education was felt by MTs Mathla'ul Anwar Sukamaju increasing the confidence of parents sending their children to this school. Secondly, the growing number of graduates that are acceptable in the Community environment.&#x0D;

Effectiveness of behavioral parent training in the outpatient setting for preschoolers at risk for ADHD

Abstract In 2019, the American Pediatric Association released updated guidelines regarding assessing and treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These guidelines prescribe behavioral parent training (BPT) as the first line of treatment for preschool-aged children with ADHD symptomatology. However, there are few studies documenting the effectiveness of BPT administered in real-word settings, outside the context of controlled research trials. Further, many available BPT programs are lengthy and costly. Here we investigate the effectiveness of an 8-session group-based BPT, previously shown effective in school-aged children with ADHD, in an outpatient clinic. Ratings of parental confidence, child impairment, number and severity of non-compliance in multiple situations, and ADHD and oppositional symptoms, were collected from 132 parents of preschoolers at risk for ADHD before and after the BPT groups. Improvements with a large effect size were observed for overall severity of impairment and parental confidence ratings. Improvements with a moderate effect size were observed for academic progress, severity of non-compliance, and ADHD symptom ratings. Small effect sizes were observed for reduced impairment in family functioning, peer and parental relationships, and self-esteem, frequency of non-compliance, and oppositional defiant symptom ratings. Together these findings support the effectiveness of a BPT program to treat preschool ADHD and ADHD-like behaviors that is accessible to families and clinicians.