Parental Knowledge Research Articles

Supervision, presence and knowledge: clarifying ‘parental monitoring’ concepts within a model of goal-directed parental action

The presence of parents or other guardians (commonly termed ‘supervision’) and parental knowledge are factors that are both robustly negatively associated with a range of anti-social and risky behavioural outcomes such as adolescent crime. However, parental presence/supervision and parental knowledge are both (i) regularly used inaccurately as proxies for parental monitoring, (ii) poorly defined and operationalised, and (iii) rarely linked to negative behavioural outcomes with plausible mechanisms that adequately explain their association. These problematic aspects of the parental monitoring literature are a barrier to research into adolescent outcomes and the varied role of parents. This theoretical paper facilitates solutions these problems by clarifying the concepts of parental presence, supervision and knowledge. This discussion delineates presence from supervision and knowledge from monitoring. It specifies how presence and knowledge are not parenting actions, and neither constitute parental monitoring. These concepts are clarified within the parameters of a recent framework of goal-directed parental action and parental monitoring. Doing so constitutes under-labouring that facilitates future discovery of their distinct and yet inter-related mechanisms of influence on adolescent action and development. These structured conceptual developments are also of benefit for our better future understanding of parenting and parental monitoring by providing a framework within which to re-situate existing empirical research findings.

Enhancing parental understanding of congenital heart disease through personalized prenatal counseling with 3D printed hearts.

In addition to a correct prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), comprehensive parental counseling is crucial to ensure that parents are well-informed about the condition of the fetus. This study aims to investigate whether there is a significant difference in the information acquired by parents through traditional counseling, utilizing 2-dimensional (2D) illustrations and images, compared to an advanced approach utilizing personalized three-dimensional (3D) printed models of the fetal heart developed from 3D ultrasound imaging. This study, designed as a pilot randomized control trial, enrolled pregnant women with gestational ages greater than 18weeks, whose fetuses were diagnosed with CHD and referred to our center between November, 2020 and June, 2021. Two groups of patients were included in the study. The first group received standard medical counseling with 2D images and illustrations, while the second group underwent advanced counseling with 3D-printed patient-specific heart models. Both groups were then required to complete the same survey in which the knowledge of the CHD was investigated. The 3D models were created from 3D ultrasound imaging and printed using resin materials in both 1:1 and 5:1 scale. A comparison of the scores obtained from the two groups revealed that 3D visualization of the fetus's heart has the potential to increase parental knowledge about CHD and the required surgical procedures. Furthermore, all couples expressed interest in receiving a 1:1 scale model of their baby's heart. Personalized prenatal counseling with 3D-ultrasound-based heart models positively impacts parents' understanding of CHD. The use of 3D models provides a more comprehensive and accessible representation of the condition, contributing to an increased knowledge gain, and potentially helping to support informed decisions regarding their child's care.

Linking child adjustment difficulties with mother's maladaptive parental behavior: The mediating roles of parental cognitions and parenting stress.

Child abuse is prevalent worldwide, with most of the burden in developing countries. To reduce and prevent child abuse occurrence, many efforts are directed toward reducing maladaptive parental behaviors (MPBs), a predictor of parents' risk of engaging in child abusive behaviors. MPBs have been associated with child (e.g., behavioral difficulties) and parent characteristics (e.g., parenting stress and parental cognitions), although little research tested for mediational pathways. This study aimed to test the pathways through which child and parent characteristics are linked to MPB. Consistent with the social information processing model of parenting, we hypothesized that child behavioral difficulties would exert an indirect influence on MPB through parenting stress and that parenting stress will exert a direct and indirect effect on MPB through parental cognitions (i.e., expectations, attitudes, and attributions). This study used data from 243 mothers of children aged between 2 and 9 years in Romania. Two-stage structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model. Results support the role of child behavior, parenting stress, and parental cognitions in predicting MPB (R2 = 0.69). Significant indirect effects were found from child behavior to MPB via parenting stress and parental cognitions. Direct effects from parenting stress and parental cognitions to MPB were significant. Findings show that parenting stress and parental cognitions are important mechanisms through which child behavioral difficulties influence maladaptive parental behavior, underscoring the need to focus on these mechanisms when assessing or intervening with families at risk for child abuse.

Uncovering Stunting Prevention through the Important Role of Posyandu Cadres

This study analyzes the role of posyandu cadres in preventing stunting in Cangkring Village, Malang, Beji District, Pasuruan Regency, using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation from village heads, posyandu cadres, midwives, and mothers of toddlers. Utilizing Lawrence Green's framework, the findings reveal that stunting prevention is hindered by limited parental knowledge (Predisposing Factors), inadequate health facilities (Enabling Factors), and low community awareness (Reinforcing Factors). The research highlights the need for better education, improved facilities, and stronger community and governmental support to enhance posyandu effectiveness in stunting prevention. Highlights: 1. Knowledge Gap: Parental knowledge about stunting is insufficient.2. Infrastructure: Health facilities are inadequate and poorly maintained.3. Community Support: Low public awareness reduces posyandu effectiveness. Keywords: Posyandu cadres, stunting prevention, rural health, qualitative research, community health

Level of knowledge and awareness among parents regarding the care of children with thalassaemia

Background This study assessed parental knowledge and awareness of children with thalassemia. Thalassemia care among 65 parents at a Kota Kinabalu hospital focuses on parental knowledge and awareness of children with thalassemia. The objectives were to identify parents' level of knowledge of thalassemia care and assess their awareness of specific care needs. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of the thalassemia families of patients at Likas Women and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Using random sampling. The study involved 65 respondents from Sabah Women and Children in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Data from questionnaires and tests were processed using SPSS version 24, with descriptive statistics analysing frequency and percentage, expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results Most respondents had a high level of knowledge about thalassemia, an inherited disease caused by insufficient red blood cell supply. They understood that untreated conditions could deteriorate thalassemia patients but could lead normal lives with proper therapy. They also knew that thalassemia could be detected through blood tests and that blood donation could be beneficial. However, they had moderate knowledge of the connection between thalassemia and anaemia, blood transfusions as the only treatment, and their ability to identify and avoid thalassemia during pregnancy. Conclusion This study emphasises the need for education, community engagement, and healthcare involvement to enhance the understanding and support of individuals with thalassemia, suggesting that comprehensive strategies, including education programs and collaborations with local organisations, can be implemented.

Comparative study of the dental health of 4-year-old children in north-eastern France between 2001 and 2018.

To analyse the evolution of the oral health of 4-year-old children in nursery school between 2001 and 2018 as well as the early predictor and associated risk factors, in different school areas. We compared (1) the prevalence of ECC (4 ≥ dmft ≥ 1) and S-ECC (dmft ≥ 5) of 4-year-old children and (2) data obtained by a structured questionnaire completed by their parents from two studies performed in 2001 and 2018. Data were analysed using the Chi2 test and odds ratio (OR). A total of 322 children and of 425 children randomly selected among Moselle's public nursery schools in north-eastern France were, respectively, included in the study in 2001 and 2018. The prevalence of ECC was respectively 40.70% and 21.65% in 2001 and 2018 (p < 0.001; OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.78-3.47). We also observed a decrease of S-ECC prevalence (10.56% in 2001 vs 5.90% in 2018, p < 0.05, OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.07-3.38). The intake of cariogenic food (sweet drink, biscuits, candies, milk, baby bottle) decreased but the knowledge of parents concerning cariogenic food did not improve. The proportion of parents helping their child has not changed in 17years (82.33% vs 86.52%, p > 0.1) but tooth brushing was initiated earlier in 2018 than in 2001 (p < 0.01). Prescription of systemic fluoride decreased (39.14% vs 3.62%; p < 0.001). The identification of the food consumption habits and the knowledge of parents concerning oral health should enable strengthening of preventive measures and the initiation of an oral health education programme for children and their family.

Children’s Dental Radiography Experiences and Parental Knowledge and Awareness on Radiation

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the past and present radiographic experiences of children, as well as their parents’ knowledge and awareness about radiation and radiation protection. Material and Method: The parents whose children were ordered dental X-rays at a university hospital participated in the study. A questionnaire was administered regarding the past and present radiologic experiences of their children, the use of protective measures during irradiation, their knowledge about the harmful effects of radiation and the protection. The chi-square test was used to statistically analyze the results. Results: One hundred and sixty-two parents participated. The patients’ average age was 8.91±2.69 years and 55.6% were girl. Only 10.5% of the children did not have any past radiography experience. The 11-14 age group had the highest past experience of radiographs (p=0.003). Protective coverings were used during the past and present X-ray experiences in ten (8.1%) and one (0.06%) child, respectively. Dental radiographs, predominantly periapical, were repeated in 19 children (11.7%). Of the parents, 25.9% and 6.8% stated that they had sufficient knowledge about the harmful effects of radiation and radiation protection, respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed a need to tackle with the inadequateness regarding radiation safety and protection.

Relationship between early childhood caries and parents' knowledge and attitudes towards primary teeth

IntroductionThis study aims to assess the correlation between parents' knowledge of primary teeth and early childhood caries (ECC). MethodsA study questionnaire consisting of 27 statements was presented to the parents of 500 children aged 0–6 years to obtain their responses. The dmft (decayed, missed, and filled teeth) index values of the children were also recorded. ResultsThe average number of correct answers was 16.41. There was a statistically significant difference in the relationship between parents' knowledge levels and their children's ECC diagnoses. The knowledge levels of parents whose children did not have caries were found to be higher (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between the parents' knowledge level and their gender, educational status, occupation, income status, and child's age (p < 0.05). ConclusionIncreased parental knowledge of the importance of primary teeth has a positive relationship with a child's oral health, which can be influenced by sociodemographic characteristics.

Predictors of parental attitudes towards sexual health education for persons with special needs

ABSTRACT International guidelines on sexual health education suggest that parents should be the primary educators in their children’s sexuality education, considering that sexuality education is a lifelong process that begins in early childhood and continues into adulthood. The study aimed to investigate the relationships among parental self-efficacy, parental knowledge about sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality of people with disabilities, and parental stress. A total of 58 parents of children with various disabilities, including Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, and physical disabilities, participated in the study. The findings indicate that knowledge about sexuality is an important predictor of the parental attitudes towards sexuality of people with disabilities.

Caregiver Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior toward Care of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Saudi Arabian Perspective.

The care of children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires a complex system of care that is not only dependent on health care resources, but is also strongly influenced by social and cultural attributes. Hence, it is important to explore the understanding and practices of caregivers within a regional perspective. This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) of parents with children diagnosed with CP in Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional survey was conducted on the caregivers of children with CP admitted for inpatient rehabilitation between October 2023 to January 2024. A total of 216 caregivers participated in this survey. About 82.9% of caregivers were the mothers of CP children, half (50.5%) were ≤36 years old, 53.7% were highly educated, and 89.2% lived in urban areas. More than half of the participants (57.7%) owned their homes. Regarding children, spastic quadriplegia was the most common type (46.3% of cases). Overall, the participants recorded good values for all variables for KAB. The mean value for attitude was higher (2.67 ± 0.20) when compared to behavior (2.49 ± 0.36) and knowledge (2.46 ± 0.25). Participants who had children with spastic quadriplegia CP reported lower behavior scores than their peers. Strategies with a special emphasis on improving the behaviors of caregivers for children with quadriplegia need to be adapted. Similarly, the living situations of families need to be taken into consideration given its significant association with the attitude of caregivers. A considerable lack of knowledge in handling emergency situations by caregivers signifies a gap in care, which could have potentially life-threatening consequences.

Parental Knowledge, Beliefs, Practices, and Barriers Related to Children's Bladder Health in the School Environment.

Pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a set of common childhood problems. Community-level interventions that target behavioral change among children with LUTS can improve symptoms outside of the clinic environment. Parents, navigating the home and school environments, are key in supporting healthy bladder behaviors. Thus, we asked parents about their perceptions and barriers related to pediatric bladder health. English-speaking parents (n = 30) of children ages 5-10 years with and without LUTS were interviewed. Transcripts were coded iteratively by two independent coders using deductive and inductive approaches that emphasized consensus coding and peer debriefing. Ninety-three percent of participants were women, 50% were 30-39 years old, and 60% held a graduate degree. Parents identified school-, classroom-, and child-based barriers to bladder health. These included the bathroom environment, restrictive policies for bathroom use, and anxiety on how and when to use the bathroom. Addressing school-, classroom-, and child-based barriers is necessary to promote healthy bladder habits among children in the school environment and beyond. Recommended school-based interventions include bathroom use and sanitation policies that support students' voiding needs, teachers' professional development, and school readiness initiatives. Limitations include participation of English-speaking parents only.

Traumatic Dental Injuries and their Association with Demographics and Other Predisposing Risk Factors in School Children Aged between 8-13 Years: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study.

Traumatic dental injuries are most commonly seen in school age children. This not only affects physical, but, also, the psychological and social well-being of a child. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in school children aged between 8 and 13 years and their association with the demographics and other predisposing risk factors. The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional study design on 1500 school children aged between 8 and 13 years. Apart from clinical examination, all the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire related to the injuries sustained. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM, Chicago). Pearson's Chi-square (Χ²) test was used for categorical data analysis and distribution to determine the association between categorical variables, while P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in the present study was calculated at 9.7%. Also, the occurrence of such injuries was found to be higher in the age group of 8-11 years with 10 years being the peak age of incidence for sustaining such injuries. Again, crown fracture involving enamel was found to be the most common type of injury sustained, while proclination observed in relation to upper anterior teeth, and incompetent lips were found to be the independent, significant risk predictors associated with the frequency and severity of such injuries. The results obtained in the present study suggested a high prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in school children aged between 8 and 13 years highlighting the need for conducting educational programs, for increasing knowledge and awareness of parents, school children and school faculty in this regard to save the affected child patients from the more dreaded sequelae including complete loss of tooth structure, and social and emotional trauma.

Development and validation of a questionnaire in Hindi language to assess Parental Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency in children

Background: Despite being in temperate zone, India is endemic to nutritional rickets. However, very little has been studied on knowledge, perception and cultural practices of Indian communities, towards calcium and vitamin-D deficiency in children. Aim &amp; Objective: The study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire in Hindi language for the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents towards calcium and vitamin D deficiency among children. Methodology: We searched electronic databases for item generation. The questionnaire was developed in Hindi language by five experts in the field of pediatrics, pediatric orthopaedics and community medicine using Delphi method. After language correction from Hindi language experts, a convenient sample of 30 participants filled the questionnaire and tested for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The overall Cronbach’s alpha value for the finalized 46-item scale indicated an acceptable reliability (alpha = 0.91). The internal consistency reliability for six domains created was acceptable. The results revealed ‘high’ test-retest reliability, and there was no statistically significant difference noted between any of the first test and re-test corresponding values (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The present questionnaire developed in Hindi Language to assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of parents towards Calcium &amp; Vitamin-D deficiency in children, has a good validity and reliability. This newly developed instrument could prove its use to highlight the gaps that may exist among parents. The use of this tool may help clinicians, health educators and policy makers to identify key areas of intervention with regards to Calcium &amp; Vitamin-D deficiency in children.

INCREASING LEVEL OF EYE HEALTH WITHHEALTH EDUCATION COLOR BLINDNESS SCREENING METHODIN THE BULAKDAWUNG STUDY GROUP KEDIRI

Implementation of increasing level of eye health using health education using color blind screening method in the Bulakdawung Study Group Kediri showed that increasing in the knowledge of parents and children regarding eye health through health education using color blind screening method with 100% results of not experiencing color blindness. Parents need to maintain eye health by providing nutrition/diet to children with a source of vitamin A, need to prevent eye trauma when children play, and to give health education to prevent eye trauma in children. In play groups, it is necessary to provide supplementary food rich sources of Vitamin A periodically every 2-3 months and eye health education to children in study groups.

Pemberdayaan Orangtua dan Guru dalam Meningkatkan Atensi Anak Autis Spectrume Disorder di Sekolah Autis Mitra Ananda Padang

Developmental disorders of joint attention or attention are the main characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, it is essential to develop these skills in early intervention efforts. Empowering parents and teachers is essential for success in increasing the attention of children with ASD; parents and teachers play an essential role in programs for treating children with ASD. This service explores techniques for empowering parents and teachers to increase attention to children with ASD. Establishing communication and cooperation between parents and teachers is carried out by the management of the Ananda Padang Autistic Partner School. The methods used in this community service activity include lecture, question and answer, discussion, and practice methods. The aim is to provide education to increase the understanding of parents and teachers in increasing the attention of children with ASD. The activity was carried out from 13 and 14 October 2023 with nine parents and nine teachers. There was an increase in scores on the post-test after clients were given education about increasing attention in children with ASD, namely from an average of 2.78 to 4.80. Parents and teachers also felt satisfied with the activities carried out, with an average score for material quality of 6.05, media of 5.60, and benefits of activities of 5.20. The output of this activity is an increase in the knowledge of parents and teachers after receiving education, namely an increase in the average post-test score. The activity info link can be seen at https://forumsumbar.com/berita/38383/tim-pkm-mercubaktijaya-berdayakanorangtua-and-teachers-in-improving-children's-attention-asd/

Knowledge and Awareness of Space Maintainers among Parents in Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review

Premature loss is a serious problem that affects children oral health in Saudi Arabia. Different dental consequences could result after early loss of primary teeth if no proper treatment is applied. The aim of this review is to contextualise the previous studies about the parental knowledge and awareness towards the importance of primary teeth, causes and sequels of premature loss of these teeth and space maintenance appliances.

Factors influencing children's emotional and behavioral problems perceived by North Korean refugee mothers: a descriptive study.

The study investigated the relationships between key variables, including the level of parenting knowledge, acculturative stress, depression, and the strengths and difficulties associated with their children's emotions and behavior, among North Korean refugee mothers who faced the challenging task of adapting to Korean society while raising their children. A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected from 130 North Korean refugee mothers between September and November 2023. The participants had very limited parenting knowledge, and 82.3% of them scored 21 or higher on the depression scale used in community epidemiological studies. Higher levels of parenting knowledge and lower levels of depression were associated with lower levels of acculturative stress. Moreover, higher levels of depression were associated with more emotional and behavioral difficulties in children. Maternal depression, age, and employment status were identified as factors that influenced emotional and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children. These findings underscore the importance of providing parent education and mental health support programs for North Korean refugee families in order to improve parents' parenting skills and emotional well-being.

MERAIH SUKSES PARENTING DI ERA GEN – Z MELALUI PERNIKAHAN BERKUALITAS : MEMBANGUN FONDASI KELUARGA YANG KOKOH

The importance of building a solid family foundation is one of the keys to achieving success in marriage and parenting in the Gen - Z era. One way to achieve this is through a quality marriage. The aim is to provide insight and knowledge for prospective parents in strengthening their future marriage relationships which will create a healthy family environment and support parenting thinking from the perspective of the growth of Gen - Z children. Using literature study and observation methods. Researchers looked for various sources in the form of journals, articles, books and interviews with several parties concerned in discussing the article entitled ACHIEVE PARENTING SUCCESS IN GEN - Z THROUGH QUALITY MARRIAGE: BUILDING A SOLID FAMILY FOUNDATION. The results of the research explain that a marriage can be said to be successful because each bride and groom are ready and then approved by both parties, marry well, in accordance with existing procedures and live a good life as husband and wife, able to carry out their respective functions and roles each one well.

The Relationship Of Mother's Knowledge And Characteristics On The Slowness Of The Process Of Early Breastfeeding Initiation in the Practiceof Midwifer Feronika Hutajulu

A mother can prevent her baby from dying in the first month of life if she breastfeeds her baby within 60 minutes after birth. However, the lack of knowledge and understanding of parents, doctors or health workers about the importance of IMD, as well as the reluctance to implement IMD, makes its implementation difficult. One of the reasons for the success or failure of IMD lies in the midwife. Because they are the ones who encourage and educate postpartum mothers to implement IMD. This research is included in the type of analytical research using a cross-sectional research design. The general aim of the research is to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and early breastfeeding practices after giving birth. Meanwhile, specifically, this research seeks to identify the relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes, age and parity of postpartum mothers who practice early breastfeeding at the Feronika Hutajulu Midwife Practice. Sampling was carried out using a non-probability sampling technique with a total sampling method of 26 people. Data collection uses a questionnaire. From analysis of research data using the chi-square test with a confidence level of 5% (a=0.05) knowledge data had a p value of 0.000, attitude data had a p value of 0.000, age data had a p value of 0.014, and parity data had a p value of 0.020. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge, maternal attitude, maternal age and maternal parity on the implementation of IMD.

The Relationship of Mother's Knowledge Level And Mp-Asi Feeding Patterns and Baby's Nutritional Status Age 6-12 Months at Rantang Health Center

The toddler period is a very important period and needs serious attention. During this period the life process of growth and development takes place very rapidly, namely physical growth and psychomotor, mental and social development. The nutritional status of children under five is an important thing that must be known by every parent. Mothers play an important role in supporting efforts to overcome nutritional problems, especially in terms of family nutrition, starting from food preparation, selection of food ingredients, to the food menu. Mothers who have good nutritional status will give birth to well-nourished children. Lack of parental nutrition and health knowledge, especially mothers is one of the causes of malnutrition in children under five. Mother's knowledge about nutrition is what the mother knows about healthy food for a certain age group and how the mother chooses, processes and prepares food properly. The aim is to determine the relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and the pattern of complementary feeding of breast milk on the nutritional status of toddlers 6-12 months in the working area of the Rantang Health Center, Sei Putih Tengah Village, Medan Petisah District, North Sumatra. This type of research is an analytic method with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were all children aged 6-12 months inti the Rantang Health Center, namely 54 children. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-Square (?2) statistical test. The results of the statistical test obtained a p value of 0.002 (? &lt;0.05), which means that there is a relationship, namely the relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge regarding the pattern of giving complementary foods and the nutritional status of toddlers aged 6-24 months