Parental Child-rearing Attitudes Research Articles

Self-actualization and retrospective reports parent-child relationships among college females.

The relationship between self-actualization and retrospective perceptions of parental child-rearing attitudes and behaviors was investigated. 20 high and 20 low self-actualizing college-aged females, pre-selected on the basis of their scores on Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory, were compared on Schaefer's Children's Reports of Parental Behavior Inventory. As predicted, high self-actualizing subjects scored significantly higher than low self-actualizing subjects on the majority of the paternal and maternal scales on the inventory, reflecting perceived parental attitudes of acceptance, psychological autonomy, and lax control. Likewise, as predicted, high self-actualizing subjects scored significantly lower than low self-actualizing subjects on the majority of the paternal and maternal scales of the inventory, reflecting perceived parental attitudes of rejection, psychological control, and firm control.

Parental attitudes, test anxiety, and achievement motivation: a Hong Kong study.

Summary The relationship of parental attitudes to test anxiety and need achievement in Chinese children was investigated. Data on parental child-rearing attitudes were obtained by a questionnaire from the parents of 61 boys and 72 girls shortly after they sat for the Secondary Schools Entrance Examination. Measures of test anxiety and need achievement had also been obtained from these children. While hypotheses concerning parental attitudes were generally confirmed for boys, certain contrasting patterns were found for girls. The pattern of parental attitudes for the achievement-oriented boy was characterized by low-dominance, open communication, and encouragement of independence, while that for the achievement-oriented girl was characterized by dominance and limited communication.

Nach and perceived parental child-rearing attitudes of career women and homemakers

This study investigated the differences among three groups of women ( N = 66): homemakers (HM); career women in female-dominated occupations (FDO); and career women in male-dominated occupations (MDO), on two variables: (a) perception of their parents' child-rearing attitudes; (b) level of achievement motivation, using the Control scale of the PARI and the n Ach scale of the EPPS, respectively. On the Control scale (which subjects completed as they thought their parents would) HM scored significantly higher than either FDO ( p ⩽ .025) or MDO ( p ⩽ .005); no significant differences were found between the scores of MDO and those of FDO. On the n Ach scale, FDO scored significantly higher ( p ⩽ .1) than HM and significantly lower ( p ⩽ .025) than MDO, using Scheffe's test for multiple comparisons. Results shed some light on the dynamics of career development of women. They support the author's contention that women's primary career decision i.e., that between “working” and “not working,” is a function of the child-rearing mode of the parents. The field of occupation and the level within it that a woman chooses to pursue is a secondary career choice and is a function of a woman's level of achievement motivation. This conceptualization is seen as having implications for counseling women and for the future applicability of theories of career development to women.

Parental child-rearing attitudes and preadolescents' problem behaviors.

Parental child-rearing attitudes and preadolescents' problem behaviors.