Parental Abuse Research Articles

Mother-child reporting discrepancies of child physical abuse: Associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms

BackgroundMother-child discrepancies frequently occur in reports of child physical abuse. Such report discrepancies raise important challenges for interpreting and integrating data from multiple informants in forensic and clinical settings. ObjectivesThe main goal of this study was to identify patterns of mother-child discrepancies in reporting CPA using latent profile analysis. We then tested differences between profiles on mothers' mental health problems and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms.Participants and setting.Participants were 159 mother-child dyads with police-documented exposure to intimate partner violence. MethodParticipants were recruited from Child Protective Services and shelter residences from all regions of Portugal. After obtaining informed consent, assessment protocols were administered separately to mothers and children. ResultsWe identified two convergent profiles (mother-child agreement on reports of both high and low exposure to CPA) and one divergent profile (the child reported significantly higher exposure to CPA than the mother). Mothers from the divergent profile reported more depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms than mothers from the convergent profiles. Children of the divergent profile and one of the convergent profiles (mother-child agreement on high exposure to CPA) showed the highest internalizing and externalizing symptoms. ConclusionsThese results illustrate how examining informant discrepancies in the assessment of abusive parenting practices increases our understanding of children's psychological adjustment in high-risk contexts.

아동학대행위부모 교육모형 개발

Objectives: The purpose of this studyistodevelopandpropose a model of parental education for the prevention of child abuse .
 Methods: 21 previous studies on parental education for child abuse prevention and recurrence were analyzed, and the educational contents presented in the previous studies were extracted into cognitive, emotional, and behavioral areas. Three Delphi surveys including educational needs analysis interviews with five child abuse counselors were conducted, and the final educational model was established based on the results.
 Results: Experts agreed that cognitive and emotional domains interact to influence behavioral domains, and field experts agreed that for abusive parents to practice what they learned in the training, the training should include a lot of self-reflection and healing. Finally, the final training model was derived by agreeing on the detailed contents of each cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domain for each stage of training.
 Conclusions: Experts agreed that cognitive and emotional domains interact to influence behavioral domains, and field experts agreed that for abusive parents to practice what they learned in the training, the training should include a lot of self-reflection and healing. Finally, the final training model was derived by agreeing on the detailed contents of each cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domain for each stage of training.

A reciprocal relationship between parental maltreatment and child bullying perpetration in China.

This study aimed to examine the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between parental maltreatment and child bullying perpetration from middle childhood to early adolescence in China and the associated gender differences. Eight hundred ninety-one children completed a battery of questionnaires at four time points. A random-intercept cross-lagged model was established. The results indicated that at the between-person level, child bullying perpetration was positively associated with physical and psychological maltreatment. At the within-person level, there was a significant association between an increase in bullying perpetration and an increase in parental psychological and physical maltreatment across the four time points. Conversely, an increase in physical maltreatment led to an increase in child bullying perpetration from T1 to T2, while an increase in psychological maltreatment resulted in an increase in child bullying perpetration from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3. Furthermore, an increase in physical maltreatment increased boys' bullying perpetration but decreased that in girls from T2 to T3. These findings provide inspiration for future family education and anti-bullying interventions in schools.

Decision-making in parent–child contact arrangements in situations of domestic abuse in one locality of England: a preliminary qualitative study

ABSTRACT The significant impact of domestic abuse on children is well documented, yet when mothers escape violent relationships, professional and legal decision-making leads to children maintaining contact with perpetrator fathers. This small-scale, pilot study used a focus group of professionals and interview with one mother to explore professional and maternal experience of the decision-making process in parent–child contact arrangements in situations of domestic abuse in one locality in England. The research explored the intrinsic and external influences on decision-making for professionals and mothers when making child contact arrangements when parental domestic abuse has occurred. Thematic analysis identified ‘Inconsistency’ as the dominant concept for two key themes: the inconsistency of application of the concept of ‘Good Enough Parenting’ and inconsistency of availability of resources to support decision-making and safe child contact arrangements. This study found a lack of specific guidance or assessment tools to support decision-making in contact arrangements. The small-scale nature of this pilot study limits transferability of results, but forms the basis for the next phase of research, which will seek to recruit a larger group of professionals and mothers to further explore the findings of this study.

Families With Early History of Parental Abuse and Neglect: Midlife Adult Children’s Relationships With Their Parents During COVID-19

For families with an early history of parental abuse and neglect (EHPAN), personal and situational stressors can increase relational vulnerabilities. We examined relationship dynamics between midlife adults with EHPAN and their parents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 31 participants (aged 44–50), examined patterns of contact and support to provide insights into relationship dynamics and relational changes experienced during the pandemic. Three relational themes characterized midlife adult child-parent relationships during COVID-19: tightening ties with parents while taking few COVID-19 precautions; keeping customary ties to maintain the status quo centered around instrumental support; loosening ties in which the relationship drifted. We found areas of resilience and vulnerabilities within each type of relationship. Recognizing that past adversity continues to shape relationship dynamics throughout the life course underscores the need for further research to identify factors that contribute to long-term family resilience and challenges.

Child maltreatment and parental domestic violence and abuse, co-occurrence and the effect on lifetime outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

Exposure to child maltreatment (CM), and parental domestic violence and abuse (DVA), impose considerable adverse life outcomes in both the short and long term, yet, the extent and effects of their co-occurrence on outcomes have not been comprehensively quantified. This study describes the analysis of data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, quantifying the prevalence of CM, parental DVA, co-occurrence rates, and the impact of different combinations of childhood exposures on life outcomes (health, economic, and likelihood of perpetrating intimate partner violence as a young person).Childhood exposure prevalences were estimated at 41.7% for any form of CM, 19.3% for parental DVA, and 49.0% for exposure to at least one form of CM and/or parental DVA. Co-occurring parental DVA was reported in 21%–42% of CM-exposed households. Sexual abuse was reported in 2% of parental DVA-exposed households, whilst co-occurrence of other forms of CM ranged between 19% and 41%.Co-occurring CM and parental DVA exposures were associated with increased risks of drug use, anxiety, depression, smoking, unemployment, social welfare use, and perpetration of intimate partner violence as a young person – highlighting the intergenerational effects of exposure. Increased risks across a wider range of adverse outcomes were associated with child-reported awareness of parental DVA, compared to parent-reported DVA exposure.The high cumulative prevalence of childhood exposure to CM and/or parental DVA, and the scale of the resulting adverse impacts emphasise the need for policies and family interventions sensitive to the possibility of co-occurring forms of abuse.

Parental burnout in the context of the socio-health crisis and its relationship with abuse and neglect

BackgroundThe current state of affairs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures adopted in response to it are proving particularly complex for parents who have already experienced difficulties in their parental role, since these conditions are likely to increase the levels of Parental Burnout and the risk of Abuse and Neglect. ObjectiveWe sought to describe and analyze the factors that could moderate the relationship between Parental Burnout and Maltreatment and Neglect during the pandemic period in Chile. To do so, we proposed three moderating variables of the current context: time under lockdown, the level of impact of the lockdown context, and sharing parental tasks with the partner or other adults since the beginning of the pandemic. Participants and setting572 parents were studied (447 mothers and 127 fathers). MethodA quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational, and comparative study was carried out. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed with the data obtained. ResultsThe higher the level of parental burnout, the higher the risk of maltreatment. It was also observed that the longer the time spent under lockdown, the lower the risk of maltreatment. On the other hand, the burden of not sharing household chores significantly increases Parental Burnout in mothers. ConclusionBoth Parental Burnout and Child Abuse and Neglect are likely to occur during this health crisis period. Knowing how Parental Burnout and Maltreatment and Neglect interact will make it easier to identify adaptive strategies in parents and their children and thus provide evidence for the design of interventions and preventive strategies.

Towards an Implicit Measure of Patient Engagement in Sickle Cell Disease: Relationships between Implicit Measures of Engagement and Previous Childhood Trauma Among Adolescents and Young Adults

Background: Historically, patient engagement among adolescents and young adults (AYAs, age 18-25) decreases, parallel with the shift from parental to patient responsibility for engagement, and the transition from pediatric to adult care. Simultaneously, among AYAs with sickle cell disease (SCD), increases in organ failure, visits for VOCs, and mortality occur during this period. One previously shown predictor of excess hospital and ED utilization is prior childhood trauma, including medical trauma from treatment, parental abuse, or neglect. We found no implicit and few explicit measures of SCD AYA engagement in self-care or cooperation with professional care. We did find that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to increased morbidity. Particularly Emergency Department (ED) visits for pain, among children and adolescents with SCD. So, as part of validating an empirically derived implicit measure of SCD AYA engagement, we tested the relationship of the new measure to a validated measure of previous childhood trauma. Method: We studied selected AYA patients (N=20) enrolled in an Adult Sickle Cell Medical Home. Childhood trauma was assessed using the Center for Disease Control's 13-item, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) module, measuring self-reported exposure to 9 types of childhood adversities: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, household member mental illness, household member substance abuse, witnessing domestic violence, parental separation or divorce, and incarcerated family members. The implicit measure of patient engagement was the draft 4-item Tiers of Engagement (TOE) tool. The original TOE was developed for pediatric patients and assessed parental as well as patient engagement. The adult TOE assesses only AYA engagement. The TOE tool asks professionals of all disciplines caring for SCD patients to confer as a group during interprofessional meetings to subjectively assign ratings of one (ideal engagement) to three (poor engagement) to four different domains: medical, educational, mental, and social. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze the relationship between the ACE score and each of the engagement sectors (medical, educational, mental, and social). Results: The graphs below show ANOVA results for the relationship of the ACE score to each TOE domain score. We found no significant relationships between ACE scores and TOE domain scores. Conclusion: We observed no significant relationships between childhood trauma and implicitly measured patient engagement among AYAs with SCD. Future research should measure the TOE in larger samples and identify whether the TOE score is related to explicit measures of SCD AYA engagement, or hypothesized predictors of SCD AYA engagement and healthcare utilization. Future research should also utilize the ACE measures to implement trauma-informed care in AYAs with SCD.

Associations Between Verbal and Physical Abuse in the Home and Mental Health Indicators Among Heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning High School Students in the US—Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, 2021

PurposeA number of factors may contribute to disparities in mental health and suicidality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) students, including parental abuse. MethodsThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey included a nationally representative sample of US high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current analyses examined experiences of verbal and physical abuse in the home with mental health and suicidality among LGBQ students compared to heterosexual students. ResultsThe relationship between abuse and mental health and suicidality was significant for all students; however, LGBQ students experienced substantially more abuse and had significantly poorer mental health and greater suicidality than heterosexual students. DiscussionExperiencing verbal or physical abuse in the home is strongly associated with poor mental health and suicidality among youth, regardless of sexual identity; however, among LGBQ students who experienced abuse, the prevalence of poor mental health and suicidality reached crisis levels.

Antisocial Personality Traits Link Family of Origin Violence and Emotional Partner Abuse in College Students

Intimate partner violence (IPV), which can include physical and psychological harm toward an intimate partner, is a significant problem on college campuses with 20%–50% of college students reporting victimization during their college careers. The intergenerational transmission of violence theory suggests that Family of Origin Violence (FOV; e.g.,witnessingIPV between parental figures andexperiencingchildhood physical abuse) increases the likelihood of perpetrating IPV as an adult. FOV is also associated with an increased risk of developing antisocial personality traits, a correlate of IPV perpetration. We examined whether antisocial personality traits explained the relationship between FOV (i.e., experiencing and witnessing) and four different types of emotional partner abuse (i.e., restrictive engulfment, denigration, hostile withdrawal, and dominance/intimidation) while controlling for sex, alcohol, and drug use/problems. Experiencing FOV positively associated with restrictive engulfment emotional partner abuse (B= .04, 95% CI [.01, .08]), hostile withdrawal emotional partner abuse (B= .07, 95% CI [.03, .13]), and dominance/intimidation emotional partner abuse (B= .04, 95% CI [.01, .09]) through antisocial personality traits. These findings have implications for the long-term consequences of FOV.

Deinstitutionalization of children in residential care facilities: Experiences and perceptions of professionals in Ghana

AbstractAccording to the literature, the success of deinstitutionalization (DI) practices in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is dependent on key factors including, a well‐functioning family‐based alternative care and social protection system, adequate funding and resources, and professional and other stakeholders' engagement and support. Following a practice research qualitative method, the study explored practitioner's experiences and perceptions on the status of Ghana's ongoing DI efforts and their recommendations for improving implementation. The study's main themes were establishing the need for residential homes for children (RHCs), RHCs not being an ideal family environment and RHCs as respite. Family marital problems, poor financial situation, stigma attached to some children in care, abusive parents and a lack of suitable alternatives when families have a crisis were identified as key factors that impede DI implementation in Ghana. The findings suggest the need for a progressive approach towards DI implementation in LMICs, with the first step being the re‐positioning of RHCs as respite care centres while progressively developing other alternative family‐based care options (such as kinship care) for children.

Resilience and Strategic Emotional Intelligence as Mediators between the Disconnection and Rejection Domain and Negative Parenting among Female Intimate Partner Violence Victims.

(1) Background: The exposure of children to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a wide range of negative effects on children's development, where as parenting practice is considered to be one of the key factors mediating and mitigating this. Studies have found mixed results regarding the impact of female IPV victimization on maternal parenting practice; however, the most frequently tested hypothesis suggests that the cumulative stress of the IPV experience may emotionally deregulate the mother, contributing to an increased risk of neglected and abusive parenting practices. Little is still known about the factors determining the observed differences in maternal parenting practices among IPV victims. Thus, in our study, we use mediation models to provide preliminary results exploring the role of resilience and strategic emotional intelligence in the relationship between women's disconnection and rejection (D/R) schema domain and maternal parenting practice among IPV victims. (2) Methods: A total of 48 female survivors of IPV and 48 age-matched women with no prior experience of IPV completed a set of tests examining parenting practices, the D/R domain, resilience and emotional intelligence. (3) Results: IPV victimization was associated with significantly higher rates of negative parenting practices. The D/R domain was found to be a significant predictor of parental autonomy attitude and level of parental competence, and these relationships were fully mediated by resilience with strategic emotional intelligence and resilience, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The results shed light on the under-researched relationship between early maladaptive schemas and parenting behavior in the context of IPV. The implications for clinical practice and further research can be drawn based on the study findings.

Abstract 030: Perinatal Paradigms Of Opioid Use To Investigate Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk In Adult Offspring

Adversity and dysfunctional households during childhood have been shown to increase systolic blood pressure and overall CVD risk in the long term. A common contributor to dysfunctional households is the parental drug abuse, which transplacental effects acts as a stressor to the developing offspring. Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women is an understudied area related to the opioid epidemic, causing a 5-fold increase in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) incidence. In former studies, we subjected female rats to two models of maternal opioid exposure 1) daily escalating doses of morphine from gestational day 1-19, or 2) fentanyl self-administration during preconception and gestation. Female and male opioid-exposed offspring are smaller throughout the lifespan than vehicle (VEH)-exposed counterparts, displaying NOWS-like somatic withdrawal signs and catch-up growth. Also, in utero opioid-exposed adult offspring displayed sympathetic activation and increased CVD risk factors. Perinatal exposure to opioids has been shown to dysregulate the endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) and alter behavioral outcomes later in life, but the effects on blood pressure regulation remain understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of proenkephalin (PENK) in brain regions known to control the sympathetic outflow (PVN, RVLM, NTS) and the pressor response to Leu-Enkephalin (100 ug/kg i.p) in adult offspring exposed to VEH or opioids in utero. PENK protein expression in RVLM showed a ~50% reduction in opioid-exposed offspring vs. VEH (p<0.05). As expected, the pressor response to Leu-ENK in conscious VEH-exposed rats showed a ~30% increase in mean arterial pressure from baseline, while the pressor response was blunted in opioid-exposed offspring (12.2±3.7 vs. -4.5±2.1 delta mmHg, n=4-5, p<0.05). As EOP exert inhibitory effects on adrenergic signaling, our data indicate that perinatal exposure to opioids may induce a permanent downregulation of EOP in the central nervous system. Similar to what we reported in vasculature and heart, reduced PENK may contribute to increasing the sympathetic tone and desensitize acute pressor responses to EOP, suggesting that optimal EOP levels may be critical for blood pressure regulation.

Risk factors associated with adolescent suicidality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on youth suicidal behaviors. This study examined two national surveys of high school students, the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES). The YRBS 2019 had 13,677 entries: 18.6% (17.5-19.8) (weighted percentage and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of youth had suicidal ideation (SI) and 8.9% (7.9-10.0) had at least one suicide attempt (SA). The ABES 2021 had 7705 entries: 19.9% (18.0-22.0) of youth had SI and 9.0% (7.7-10.5) had SA. In ABES 2021, both the percentage of youth with SI or SA was highest at age 14, at 21.8% (16.9-27.8) and 10.0% (6.6-14.8), respectively. The top factors associated with both SI and SA were parental abuse, sexual violence, illicit drug use, misuse of prescription pain medicine, and being bullied electronically. Screen time ≥3 h per day (not including schoolwork) was associated with a lower risk of SA (odds ratio [OR] 0.553, 95% CI: 0.382-0.799), but not SI (OR 1.011, 0.760-1.344). Earlier onset of adolescent suicidality, at age 14, was noted during the pandemic. The association of higher non-school work-related screen time with lower SA is unexpected and warrants validation.

Effects of Parental Verbal Abuse Experience on the Glutamate Response to Swear Words in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex: A Functional 1H-magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Several lines of evidence indicate verbal abuse (VA) critically impacts the developing brain; however, whether VA results in changes in brain neurochemistry has not been established. Here, we hypothesized that exposure to recurrent parental VA elicits heightened glutamate (Glu) responses during the presentation of swear words, which can be measured with functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS). During an emotional Stroop task consisting of blocks of color and swear words, metabolite concentration changes were measured in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the left amygdalohippocampal region (AMHC) of healthy adults (14 F/27 M, 23 ± 4 years old) using fMRS. The dynamic changes in Glu and their associations with the emotional state of the participants were finally evaluated based on 36 datasets from the vmPFC and 30 from the AMHC. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance revealed a modest effect of parental VA severity on Glu changes in the vmPFC. The total score on the Verbal Abuse Questionnaire by parents (pVAQ) was associated with the Glu response to swear words (ΔGluSwe). The interaction term of ΔGluSwe and baseline N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) level in the vmPFC could be used to predict state-trait anxiety level and depressive mood. We could not find any significant associations between ΔGluSwe in the AMHC and either pVAQ or emotional states. Parental VA exposure in individuals is associated with a greater Glu response towards VA-related stimuli in the vmPFC and that the accompanying low NAA level may be associated with anxiety level or depressive mood.

The Impact of Stress and Parental Verbal Abuse on Early Childhood Emotional Development

Parents have an important role in stimulating aspects of early childhood emotional development, but when parents are experiencing stress parents often commit acts of verbal abuse against children. This study aims to determine the effect of stress and verbal abuse by parents on the emotional development of children aged 5-6 years. This research is an ex post facto study conducted in the city of Pagar Alam. The population of this study is children aged 5-6 years whose parents' conditions were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. They will be taken from South Pagar Alam sub-district,. For the research sampling technique using random clusters from 11 Kindergartens, researchers took random samples to represent the research sample, namely as many as 3 Kindergartens. the object of the emotional development of the respondents was 183 children aged 5-6 years, and for stress and acts of verbal abuse the respondents were 183 parents whose children were respondents to the object of emotional development. The data collection technique in this study was observation, and used a questionnaire. The analysis technique in this study uses path analysis. Based on the results of the path analysis (Path Analysis) and the results of the research hypothesis test showed that stress and acts of verbal abuse have a negative effect on children's emotional development, while stress has a positive effect on acts of verbal abuse.

The potential of intervening on childhood adversity to reduce socioeconomic inequities in body mass index and inflammation among Australian and UK children: A causal mediation analysis

BackgroundLower maternal education is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and higher chronic inflammation in offspring. Childhood adversity potentially mediates these associations. We examined the extent to which addressing...

Negative Impact of Parental Verbal Abuse on the Formation of Adolescent Self-Concept

Most parents do not realize that calling a child inappropriately and comparing the child with others is verbal violence and greatly affects children's self-concept, especially adolescents. The study aimed to determine the impact of parental verbal violence on adolescent self-concept in Sumber Asri Village. This study used a quantifiable approach to 60 respondents with adolescents aged 13 and 18. Research data was obtained by filling out a questionnaire using a google form. Research instruments are arranged based on three dimensions of self-concept: knowledge, expectations, and assessment. The data were analyzed using a product moment test, where the analysis results showed a weak correlation in a negative direction of -0.205. The result means a significant negative relationship exists between parental verbal abuse and adolescent self-concept. The higher the violent verbal behavior of parents, the more negative adolescents' self-concepts. The amount of influence of 4.2% of verbal abuse can contribute to adolescent self-concept. Overcoming negative self-concept in adolescents as a result of mistakes in parenting can be done by changing the parenting style from authoritarian to democratic.

As the Twig is Bent so the Tree is Inclined? Exploring the Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Relational Impairments in Ghana.

Studies on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which have been conducted predominantly with samples from Western cultures have found ACEs to be associated with poor health outcomes and relational impairments in adulthood. This study sought to contribute to the ACEs literature by investigating the long-term consequences of ACEs on the interpersonal functioning of adult survivors in Ghana, a non-Western culture. In the current study, the associations of five ACEs (high parental conflict, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) with four types of relational impairments (alienation, insecure attachment, egocentricity, and social incompetence) were examined using a community sample of 403 adults who retrospectively provided self-reports of ACEs. The most frequently reported ACE in this sample was high parental conflict, while sexual abuse was the least frequently reported ACE. Participants with ACE histories had significantly more relational impairments than those with no ACE histories, however multiple regression analyses revealed no significant relational impairments in adulthood following any ACE experience, whether alone or in any combination, suggesting that cultural values such as collectivism and religiosity may play a protective role against ACEs negative effects in the interpersonal domain. The study's limitations, and the implications of these findings for the Ghanaian and other similar contexts are discussed.

Higher Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Transgender Than in Cisgender Individuals: Results from a Single-Center Observational Study.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been shown to have a tremendous negative impact on health outcomes later in life. This study presents data on the prevalence of ACEs, psychological distress, and trauma-related symptoms in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people compared to cisgender people. TGD adults (n = 35) and a matched sample of nonpsychiatric hospital patients (n = 35) were surveyed between September 2018 and March 2019. Participants completed the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure Scale to assess ACEs, as well as the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Essener Trauma Inventory to assess psychological distress and trauma-related symptoms. TGD patients reported a higher number of ACEs than cisgender patients (0.7 vs. 2.4; p < 0.001; d = 0.94). A total of 28.6% of TGD vs. 5.7% cisgender patients reported four or more ACEs (p < 0.001). The most common forms of ACEs were parental abuse (54.3%) and peer abuse (54.3%). No significantly increased prevalence of sexual abuse was found (p > 0.05). TGD patients also reported a higher prevalence of depression (48.4% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (59.4% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001), and anxiety (58.1% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.016). Health care providers should be aware of and assess ACEs, especially in vulnerable groups such as TGD people, and create a safe place through open-minded, affirming care.