Parent Research Articles

I Am That Parent

I Am That Parent

Ocular Findings in HIV-Positive Children in Two Hospital Facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Background: HIV infection in children as well as adults remain a disease with potential multisystemic disorders despite the increased use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). The aim of this work was to determine the profile of eye diseases among HIV-positive children aged 5 to 15 years in the Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation and the University Hospital Centre (UHC) in Yaounde. Materials and Methods: an analytical study was conducted from June 1, to July 31, 2019. Our sample consisted of all children aged 5 - 18 years who were HIV positive and whose parent or legal guardian gave his or her consent. A complete clinical examination was performed. The following variables were collected: socio-demographic data, Immunological data. A comprehensive eye exam was also performed. Data were analysed by the Epi info 3.5.4 software. Results: A total of 53 children were retained for the study. The population consisted of 28 boys (52.3%), for a sex ratio of 1.12. The mean age was 12.7 ± 4.2 years [5 - 18 years]. And 84.9% of children had normal immune status. The average duration of HAART was 8.3 ± 3.9 years [0 to 16 years] with more than half (50.9%) of the children on treatment for more than 8 years. The main eye complaints were pruritus (11.32%), eye pain (11.32%) and tingling (9.43%). The frequency of ophthalmological manifestations was 52.8% with adnexal involvement the most frequent (34%), followed by anterior (7.5%) and posterior segment involvement (1.9%). Anterior segment involvement was marked by granulomatous anterior uveitis, keratouveitis and corneal ulcer. A cytomegalovirus retinitis and a macular scar of a unilateral retinitis were found in 2 patients. In a multivariate analysis, elevated CD4 count (>500) was associated with ocular manifestations. Conclusion: In the HAART era, an ocular examination is mandatory to prevent harmful eye diseases among children because ophthalmological diseases remain frequent. Although they are most often lesions of the annexes, corneal and chorioretinal involvement can be detrimental for the vision.

Clinical features and genetic mutation analysis in a family of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

Objective To analyze the clinical features of a kindred of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy(X-ALD) with the onset of primary adrenocortical insufficiency, and to detect the mutation of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D, member l(ABCD1) gene. Methods A Chinese X-ALD kindred with two affected males from two-generations was studied. The clinical data of the proband′s family members were collected. The sequences of ABCD1 of the proband, his parent and young brother were detected by next-generation sequencing. X-ALD was diagnosed according to clinical manifestations, cranial MRI image, and serum level of very long chain fatty acid(VLCFA). Results The two cases were all males. The proband was characteristic of primary adrenocortical insufficiency and neurological dysfunction, with extensive cerebral white matter demyelination and high serum VLCFA level. At the age of 2 years and 10 months, the younger brother of the proband presented with primary adrenocortical dysfunction, without neurological symptoms. Gene sequencing results of two patients showed a novel missense substitution(c.1666C>T) in exon 7 of ABCD1 inherited from their mother. Conclusion The new mutation of ABCDl gene c. 1666C>T may lead to adrenoleukodystrophy. Primary adrenocortical insufficiency and neurological dysfunction are the typical manifestations of X-ALD. Key words: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy; ABCD1 gene; Mutation detection

FAKTOR-FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants that influence student learning achievement. The population in this study was class XII students, totaling 521 people. Sampling in this study was random sampling from 52 students. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection is done by questionnaire, and documentation. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, hypothesis testing with multiple linear regression, t test and f test. From the results of this study it can be concluded that 1) there is an influence of learning motivation on learning achievement, 2) there is an influence of learning interest on learning achievement, 3) there is no influence on the economic condition of the family on learning. achievement, 4) there is an influence on the level of parental education on learning achievement, 5) there is an influence on learning motivation, learning interest, family economic situation, parental education level on learning achievement.The implication for educators is to always motivate, and develop students' interest in learning and achievement.

TEENAGE MOTHERS’ INVOLVEMENT IN THEIR CHILDREN’S ACQUISITION OF PRE-LITERACY SKILLS: A CASE OF KILIFI COUNTY, KENYA

Early literacy is an integral part in children’s learning. It is crucial in a child’s education cycle since it is the basic foundation on which all further learning is built. Many researchers have argued that since parents are the first teachers that a child encounter, it is important to find out how they can be involved in their children’s acquisition of pre-literacy skills. The two major ways of parental involvement that have been put forward are provision of resources that promote acquisition of pre-literacy skills and involving children in literary rich engagements. Unfortunately, studies on how teenage mothers can be actively involved in promoting their children’s acquisition of pre-literacy skills are scanty. Since teenage mothers are young and most of them depend on their parents for financial support and nurturance, it is important to find out how effective they can get involved in promoting their children’s acquisition of pre-literacy skills. Therefore, this article, highlights findings from a study that sought to establish whether teenage mothers are involved adequately in their children’s acquisition of pre-literacy skills. The study was based on Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems theory and employed descriptive survey design. It was carried out in Kilifi County, Kenya and involved a sample of 115 teenage mothers. A questionnaire and interview schedule were utilized to collect data from teenage mothers. Data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings indicated that teenage mothers are not adequately involved in promoting their children’s acquisition of pre-literacy skills. The authors recommend that the government increases resources allocated to pre-primary schools and pre-primary school teachers should sensitize parents on their role in getting involved in their children’s education to promote pre-literacy skills. Article visualizations:

Innovative Programs in Israel for Prevention & Responding to Parental Alienation: Education, Early Identification and Timely, Effective Intervention

There is substantial research and documentation showing that behavior of a parent which alienates a child against the other parent (PA) and other family members may cause serious, and sometimes permanent, damage to the child. Building on the work that defines maladaptive parental gatekeeping (MG) and PA, and on identifying typologies of behavior, and their effects on the alienated child, the need for prevention of children in these cases is well established. This paper describes programs and responses in Israel, some already in place and others under development, almost all of which require multidisciplinary collaboration between professionals. The programs include: primary prevention; early identification, so as to allow prompt secondary intervention by advice and treatment of parents and child; and immediate tertiary intervention when alienation has led to contact failure or is about to do so. Prevention and early intervention can reduce the need for the massive investment of resources needed for attempts to restore contact, and also for treatment of those affected by PA.

Perceção de atitudes parentais e problemsa de comportamento nos adolescentes

Introducao: O papel desempenhado pelas atitudes educativas parentais no desenvolvimento e comportamento na adolescencia tem sido amplamente suportado, surgindo um interesse pela sua pesquisa nao so enquanto fator protetor, mas tambem como fator de risco para alguns desvios e problemas de saude mental. A presente investigacao foi concebida com o intuito de analisar a associacao entre as percecoes das atitudes parentais e a manifestacao de problemas de comportamento no adolescente, pretendendo contribuir com subsidios para a melhoria do conhecimento dos profissionais (de saude e em escolas) que trabalham com adolescentes e seus pais. Metodologia: A qualidade das atitudes dos pais foi considerada a partir da intensidade das percecoes do afeto e das praticas parentais, enquanto a esfera comportamental incluiu comportamentos, de natureza internalizada e externalizada, reportados pelos adolescentes sobre as suas proprias acoes e sentimentos. O protocolo de recolha de dados e composto por um questionario de caracterizacao sociodemografica (tendo em consideracao variaveis demograficas como a idade, sexo, localidade de residencia, reprovacoes, coabitacao e nivel socioeconomico), pela adaptacao portuguesa do Youth Self-Report (YSR) e pelo Inventario de Percecoes adolescentes (IPA) adaptado por Fleming em 1997. A amostra incluiu 409 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 19 anos (M = 14.93), de varias escolas e instituicoes dos distritos de Portalegre e de Evora. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem, de um modo geral, que as percecoes positivas dos adolescentes sobre as atitudes parentais se relacionam inversamente com a manifestacao de problemas de comportamento nas suas duas dimensoes, internalizados e externalizados. Foram encontradas diferencas significativas em funcao da idade e do sexo. Conclusoes: Sao referidas implicacoes em termos de intervencao dos profissionais com os adolescentes e principalmente com os seus pais.

La guidance interactive : utilisation du vidéo feed-back dans une thérapie conjointe parent–bébé. Illustration par deux cas cliniques

Interactive guidance is a parent-child psychotherapy technique, which was initially developed by Susan Mc Donough in the United States to support parental alliance in high-risk families. Later the Geneva Group Study showed its effectiveness in dyads whose babies had functional disorders. This technique chooses as a gateway in the parent–child interaction the interpersonal dimension, and the reading of the Interactive behaviors, to then approach thoughts, cognitions, and emotions related to the symptom of the child or of the dyad. The viewing of free play sequences is at the heart of the therapeutic device allowing a co-construction of the interaction reading between the therapist and the concerned parent. We propose a main principles description of this technique and its illustration by two clinical cases. The first one describes an interaction whose reading was a key moment in a mother–baby therapy with a mother suffering from perinatal depression. The second illustrates the creation of a strong therapeutic alliance in a situation of high-risk parenting through the description and support of parenting skills by means of viewing positive moments of interaction. These situations illustrate the therapeutic process and the links that arise between the maternal symptomatology and the synchrony of the interaction. We will discuss this technique in conceptual contrast to some other interventions using video feedback.

Major Stunting Determinants in Infants: A Prevention Model

The number of stunting cases in West Aceh Regency increases every year. This study was an observational study with case-control design exexamine the dominant stunting factors among toddlers in West Aceh Regency amine the dominant stunting factors among toddlers in West Aceh Regency. This study was conducted from February 10 to June 30, 2018, in Johan Pahlawan District of West Aceh Regency of Aceh Province. The location was chosen through a purposive sampling technique by observing the highest number of children under five experiencing stunting in West Aceh Regency. The number of samples in this study was 192 children. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the occurrence of stunting in children under five and the number of family members; parental height; Socioeconomic status (SES); low birth weight (LBW); nutritional knowledge; and food intake, where the p-value < 0.05.

The Long-Term Impact of Parental Mental Health on Children’s Distress Trajectories in Adulthood:

Using six waves of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (2007-2017) and the Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (2014) (N = 3,240), this paper estimates how childhood experiences wi...

Parental adversity: Impact across generations

Parental adversity: Impact across generations

Analysis for the Need to Support Kindergartens based on Perception of Parent regarding Important Factors for Foodservice

Analysis for the Need to Support Kindergartens based on Perception of Parent regarding Important Factors for Foodservice

PARENTAL MOTIVATIONS AND INVOLVEMENT: A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE

The paper reports qualitative results of a mixed design investigation. Qualitative data is collated by means of semi-structured interviews form 33 parents of children from four schools in Northern region of Ghana. The sample included from 16 parents from deprived districts and 17 parents from non-deprived districts whose children attended both public and private basic schools within these districts. The key objective of the study was to explore Motivations for involvement in deprived and non-deprived districts in a developing country context and also to identify some barriers to both school based and home based involvement. The findings suggest that parent’s Attitude were the foremost motivation factor that influences their involvement in their child’s education. This was followed by Social norm (SN) and Perceived behavioural control (PBC). It was found that some difference did exists for influence PBC and SN on parents across deprived and non-deprived districts. It was also found that parent home involvement activities varied with the most dominant activities setting time to study, as assisting with homework, and selecting television programmes for children, though marginal differences were observed across district type. With regards to school activities most parents largely limited themselves to PTA meetings and communications with school teachers. It was also found barriers to PI included the lack of time due to work schedules, the lack knowledge on homework, and financial constraints, based on these findings some recommendations to help improve parental involvement are presented. Article visualizations:

Antecedents of the theory of planned behaviour as correlates of math anxiety among students in rural Secondary Schools in Western Uganda.

Mathematical abilities have been linked to positive outcomes and well-being in adults, although secondary school students in Western Uganda still exhibit math anxiety. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between the antecedents of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and math anxiety among students in rural secondary schools in Western Uganda, Ntungamo District, Ruhaama County. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from a random sample of 578 students using a self-administered questionnaire. Data at the bivariate and multivariate levels were analyzed using Pearson’s Linear Correlation Coefficient and multiple regression analysis respectively. Considering the three antecedents of TPB namely perceived behavioral control, attitude and subjective norms, the study at the bivariate level found that all the three antecedents of TPB positively significantly correlated with math anxiety, thus supporting all the three study hypotheses. At the multivariate level, while all the three TPB antecedents correlated with math anxiety, the correlation between attitude and math anxiety was not statistically significant. Further, subjective norms were the strongest predictor of math anxiety in this particular context. The implication is that interventions with parental views and perceived usefulness of mathematics among students should be dealt with in order to lower the levels of math anxiety among students in rural secondary schools in Western Uganda. Article visualizations:

Effects of parent synchronous health education-based continuing nursing in Nuss procedure among funnel chest children

Objective To explore the effects of parent synchronous health education-based continuing nursing among funnel chest children after Nuss procedure. Methods From June 2017 to December 2018, this study selected 80 funnel chest children with Nuss procedure and their parents in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University as subjects. All of subjects were divided into control group and observation group with the method of random table, 40 children and 40 parents in each group. Control group carried out routine nursing, while observation group implemented parent synchronous health education-based continuing nursing. The study compared the disease knowledge, care ability, mental status of parents and thoracic correction effects of children of two groups after observation group. Results A total of six months after intervention, the disease knowledge and care ability of parents in observation group were higher than those in control group with statistical differences (P<0.05) . The scores of anxiety and depression of parents in observation group were lower than those in control group with statistical differences (P<0.05) . A total of six months after surgery, the excellent rates of thoracic correction effects of children in observation group were higher than those in control group with a statistical difference (P<0.05) . Conclusions Parent synchronous health education-based continuing nursing can effectively improve disease cognition, care ability, mental status of parents and thoracic correction effects of children. Key words: Children; Funnel chest; Parents; Health education; Nuss procedure; Transitional care

The Structural Relations of Temperament, Covert Narcissism, Parental Attachment, Social Support and Perfectionism of Elementary School Students

The Structural Relations of Temperament, Covert Narcissism, Parental Attachment, Social Support and Perfectionism of Elementary School Students

The Effect of Parent Education based Family-Linked Career Education Program on Career Awareness of Mothers with Young Children

The Effect of Parent Education based Family-Linked Career Education Program on Career Awareness of Mothers with Young Children

The mediating role of family cohesion between family expressiveness and preschool children's behavior

Objective To explore the mediating role of family cohesion between family expressiveness and preschool children's behavior. Methods Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, the parents of 1 213 children in Shenzhen kindergartens were assessed by the Achenbach child behavior checklist (parent questionnaire) (CBCL, 4-16 years) and family environment scale-Chinese version (FES-CV). After the survey, SPSS 24.0 was used to conduct the data analysis and the Bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect. Results (1)The total score of children's behavior 147.0(135.0, 163.0) was found to be significantly negatively correlated with family expressiveness score 6.0 (5.0, 7.0) and family cohesion score 8.0 (6.0, 9.0), and the correlation coefficients were -0.145 and -0.187(both P<0.01). (2) Family expressiveness score was positively related to family cohesion score (r=0.443, P<0.01). (3)The direct effect of family expressiveness on children's behavior was -0.072, and the 95% confidence interval was (-0.133, -0.010). Family cohesion had a mediating effect between family expressiveness and children's behavior, 95% confidence interval was (-0.129, -0.058), and the mediating effect accounted for 56.4% of the total effect. Conclusion Family cohesion plays a partial mediating role between family expressiveness and children's behavior. Key words: Preschool children’s behavior; Family expressiveness; Family cohesion; Mediating role

Diagnosis and classification of high-functional autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by combining empathy and executive function

Objective To explore the significance of empathy and executive function indexes in the diagnosis and classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods According to DSM-Ⅴ diagnostic criteria, 33 children with ASD, 30 children with ADHD and 39 typical development (TD) children and adolescents were enrolled as the research subjects.The empathy and executive function characteristics were compared and analyzed in the subjects.Based on empathy and executive function indicators, the three groups of subjects were diagnosed and classified by machine learning method. Results The total score of Griffith empathy measure parent ratings(GEM-PR)(ASD: (0.67±0.64), ADHD: (1.00±0.79), TD: (0.98±0.73)) and each factor score (F=3.595-10.363, all P<0.05) and the total score of behavior rating inventory of executive function(BRIEF)(ASD: (62.79±7.45), ADHD: (59.47±8.77), TD: (49.08±7.91)) and each factor score of the three groups were different (F=6.557-33.205, all P<0.01). Among them, the scores of empathy and executive function in ASD and ADHD groups were generally higher than those in TD children (all P<0.05). When combined with BRIEF scale and GEM scale, the classification accuracy of the three groups reached 62.75%. Conclusion Both ASD and ADHD children have damages in empathy and executive function.Combining empathy and executive function indexes are more helpful for diagnosis and classification than single index. Key words: Autism spectrum disorder; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Empathy; Executive function; Diagnosis and classification

“SHE DOES NOT CONTROL ME ANYMORE BUT I CAN HEAR HER VOICE SOMETIMES” - A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC RESEARCH ON THE RESILIENCE PERCEPTIONS OF CHILDREN WHO HAVE SURVIVED FROM UPBRINGING BY A NARCISSISTIC PARENT

This study researched how to survive and lead a healthy life after exposing to a narcissistic parent’s upbringing. The especial focus was to analyze survival and coping in the light of resilience. This was a phenomenographic research in which adults (N=13) who had lived their childhood with a narcissist parent wrote about their experiences and perceptions of survival. The following research question was set for this study: How do the perceptions of adults, who have survived from narcissistic upbringing, evince resilience? The analysis showed that resilience appeared in five categories according to the research participants’ perspectives. The categories were academic, functional, emotional, social, and physical resilience which all had specific sub-categories. An illustration about resilience in children of narcissistic parents is introduced as conclusion. Article visualizations: