Parental Supervision Research Articles

Intergenerational care and rural childhood obesity in the digital era: Based on screen exposure perspective

BackgroundRural Chinese children are experiencing increasing obesity rates, yet studies often neglect the impact of IT and screen media growth on obesity risks in the context of intergenerational care, leading to incomplete strategies for the digital era. MethodsBy comprehensively utilizing the data on rural children aged 6–17 from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), this study aims to test the logical chain and specific mechanisms regarding “intergenerational care - screen exposure - rural childhood obesity”. We employ the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Generalized Propensity Score Matching (GPSM) methods to respectively address the self-selection biases associated with inter-generational care and children's screen exposure behaviors. Results1) Intergenerational care significantly increases screen exposure among rural children. 2) Gender bias increases the risk of screen exposure for rural boys under intergenerational care. 3) Children with higher screen exposure levels are more affected by intergenerational care, which further undermines parental supervision. 4) Children's screen exposure leads to increased sedentary time and higher probability of purchasing unhealthy foods, thereby exacerbating obesity. This process is facilitated by enhancing preferences for snacks, fast food, and beverages, and weakening preferences for physical activity. 5) GPSM analysis indicates that children's screen exposure has an inverted “U"-shaped impact on unhealthy dietary preferences and a “U"-shaped impact on activity preferences. It results in a nonlinear positive impact of screen exposure on obesity. This study reveals a positive association between screen exposure and obesity, offering new insights into how intergenerational care in the digital era may elevate obesity prevalence through excessive screen time for rural children.

PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDREN'S FAST-FOOD CHOICES: A STUDY OF FAMILY DECISION-MAKING

Concerns about obesity and lifestyle diseases have increased as children eat more fast food. Parents influence children's eating patterns, especially fast-food selections. This study explores family decision-making processes to determine parental influence on children's fast-food habits. We surveyed 5–15-year-old families to determine how parental supervision, socioeconomic conditions, and family dynamics affect children's diets. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in this quantitative study. While parental influence is significant, children's preferences and external effects like peer pressure and marketing can influence fast food choices. The study found that parental supervision and public health programs can help kids eat healthier. Parents, schools, and legislators are advised to help youngsters make healthier eating choices.

EFFECTS OF FAMILY DYNAMICS ON PSYCHOPATHIC TRAITS AND CRIMINAL TENDENCIES AMONG NON-CRIMINAL PEOPLE

The present study investigates the impact of family dynamics on the development of psychopathic traits in non-criminal populations. Utilizing a sample size of 200 participants, the study employs the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) to quantify psychopathic traits and examine the association with specific family patterns. The results indicate that poor parental supervision, inconsistent discipline, and high family conflict are significantly correlated with higher levels of psychopathic traits. Quantitative analysis reveals that individuals with high scores on the PCL-R are more likely to report negative family dynamics. Qualitative data from interviews and observations support these findings, highlighting the critical role of early family interactions in shaping psychological development. The study underscores the importance of early identification and family-based interventions to mitigate the development of psychopathic traits. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of psychopathy and offer valuable insights for developing targeted preventive strategies.

KEBIJAKAN TERHADAP PELAKU ANAK TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA

Technological advances have had a changing impact on social life, especially the use of the internet which makes everything limitless so that anyone can access things easily, including children. Several things that are on the internet are then accessed by children without parental supervision, which is one of the factors that makes a child a perpetrator of a crime. Various criminal acts are committed by children, including children as perpetrators of premeditated murder. In cases of premeditated murder committed by children, there are several provisions that differentiate those committed by adults, all of this is related to the judge's decision in the end. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Children becomes the legal basis in addition to the Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code when a child is the perpetrator of a criminal act of premeditated murder. This research focuses on discussing policies regarding the crime of children as perpetrators of premeditated murder. The research method used is normative legal research and uses a statutory approach (statue approach) and conceptual approach (conceptual approach).

PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBINA AKHLAK PESERTA DIDIK DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0

The main aim and focus of this research is the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in dealing with the impact of online games on students' morals in the era of society 5.0 at UPT SMP Negeri 4 Masamba. This research uses a type of qualitative research that describes things or data obtained from the field. The subjects in this research were school principals, Islamic Religious Education teachers and students at SMP Negeri 4 Masamba. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are that the use of technology has a more negative impact on students' morals, for example, showing an indifferent and impolite attitude towards others. The efforts made by PAI teachers to develop students' morals are teaching about mahmudah and mazmumah morals, giving punishments that only aim to train students' behavior and morals. Factors that support the moral development of students are the presence of ROHIS, a moral school culture and good synergy between teachers. The inhibiting factors are the lack of good manners among students and the lack of parental supervision of their children when they access the Mobile Legend (ML) application, so that students are more easily affected by the negative impact of online games.

Alcohol Addiction Among High School Students in Pamekasan Regency: The Impact of Parental Supervision

This study was motivated by the large number of adolescents who consume alcoholic beverages, so researchers wanted to know the factors that cause adolescents to consume alcohol and how the role of parents in dealing with these problems. The purpose of this study is that parents are expected to be able to provide education to be careful with their association so as not to fall into negative things such as juvenile delinquency in the form of drinking drinks containing alcohol where these drinks are very dangerous to health because they can affect brain performance so that when attending school the teenager will lose concentration. This research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenology type. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources derived from interviews. While secondary data sources come from documents. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the cause of a person becoming an alcoholic is not known with certainty, but alcohol use is not the only causative factor. Of the people who consume alcohol, about 10% become addicts. Some of the reasons individuals consume alcohol include to dare to take risks, calm themselves, overcome themselves, run away from loneliness, forget sadness, feel confident, overcome depression, adjust to social situations, relieve pain, overcome personal stress when many schoolwork. The ease of getting liquor and the loose supervision of parents and the surrounding environment are one of the causes of so many children who consume liquor. In addition, a sense of solidarity and friendship bonds are one of the reasons to try liquor. The role of parents in dealing with these problems is more participatory and passive. Where parents only reprimand and advise and some even do nothing, so that children still cannot escape from alcoholism.

Parental Awareness of Gender Stereotypes in Early Childhood Development

The study aimed to address the gaps in understanding the significant impact of parental supervision and discourse on children's interpretation of gender norms in society. To achieve this, a comprehensive methodology was employed, involving an in-depth analysis of parental views, language use, toy and clothing choices, and activities. The findings of the study highlighted the crucial role of parental influence in either reinforcing or challenging established gender norms, thus impacting children's choices and self-expression. This research sheds light on the importance of parental involvement in cultivating a more inclusive and diverse understanding of gender for the next generation. Furthermore, the article delved into the complex ways in which parents shape their children's conceptions of gender in the early years of their lives. The study underscored the significance of parental supervision and emphasized how parental attitudes are transmitted to children, influencing their perspectives and actions with respect to gender stereotypes. Additionally, the research explored several facets of parental discourse, clarifying the ways in which language and conversations within the home have significant effects on children's understanding of societal gender norms.

Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Perilaku Kriminalitas Anak

This study aims to evaluate the impact of environmental factors on children's criminal behavior. The underlying problem of this study is that the increase in criminality among children is often influenced by the environment in which they grow up. Environmental factors such as the family's economic situation, social environment, quality of education and level of parental supervision are the main focus of this study. Based on social and child development theories, the environment plays an important role in shaping individual behavior, including the tendency to commit criminal acts. This research uses the literature study method. Data were collected without directly involving the research subjects, but rather through data collection methods. The research adopted a comprehensive literature review approach with a focus on in-depth analysis and synthesis of findings from various relevant literatures. The results show that children raised in an environment with low economic conditions, lack of attention from parents, and exposure to negative social environments tend to be more prone to engage in criminal behavior. As a solution, this study recommends improving the quality of education, educating parents on the importance of supervision, and effective social rehabilitation programs for children involved in criminal acts. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to efforts to prevent criminality among children through a more comprehensive environmental approach.

Dampak Pemanfaatan Gawai terhadap Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia 3-6 Tahun: Pendekatan Ramah Anak

This study aims to explore the impact of gadget use on language acquisition in children aged 3-6 years using a child-friendly approach. The use of gadgets is increasingly widespread among children, raising concerns about its effects on their language development. This study employs qualitative methods, including observation and interviews with children aged 3-6 years in the vicinity of Desa Lemper Rt 001/002 Pademawu, Pemekasan. The results indicate that children who excessively use gadgets tend to experience delays in vocabulary acquisition and verbal communication skills. However, with a child-friendly approach, such as the use of educational applications and proper parental supervision, negative impacts can be minimized. Children who use gadgets in a controlled manner with appropriate content show improvements in word recognition and storytelling abilities. In conclusion, gadgets do not always negatively impact children's language development if used wisely and properly supervised. It is crucial for parents and educators to understand how to positively and child-friendly utilize technology to support optimal language development. This research provides significant contributions in the effort to integrate technology into children's lives without neglecting the aspects of their language development.

Critical Analysis of the Role of Teachers and Parents in an Effort to Improve the Disciplinary Character of Students at SD UMP Banyumas

This study aims to: 1) describe the role of teachers in enhancing the disciplinary character of students at SD UMP Banyumas, 2) explore the role of parents in this process, 3) identify supporting and inhibiting factors, 4) evaluate the effectiveness of teachers' roles, and 5) analyze the overall impact of these roles on students' discipline. The research involves principals, teachers, parents, and students using a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were gathered through observations, interviews, and documentation and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that: 1) Teachers act as educators, guides, role models, motivators, and evaluators. 2) Parents contribute to children's discipline by providing explanations and advice, modeling behavior, demonstrating compassion, supervising, and teaching religious values. 3) Supporting factors include a conducive environment, adequate facilities, and strong support from teachers, parents, and the community, whereas inhibiting factors encompass negative peer influence, children's preference for play, media distractions, and the absence of parental supervision. 4) Evaluation methods involve observation, self-assessment, and peer assessment, with results communicated to parents. 5) While teachers generally perform their roles effectively, some areas need improvement. Effective strategies used by teachers include habituation, modeling, lectures, and simulations. Parental involvement is crucial in fostering self-discipline from an early age.

심리사회적 학교환경에 대한 인식이 학생의 성장에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study analyzed whether the psychosocial school environment mitigates the detrimental effects of poverty and influences students' initial cognitive (Korean, math, and English grades) and emotional (self-esteem) development during elementary school, as well as their growth trajectories throughout middle and high school. Methods: This study used longitudinal data from the same cohort of students surveyed at three intervals: elementary, middle, and high school spanning a six-year period from 2015, to 2018 and 2021. Data were obtained from the Korea Welfare Panel Study Supplementary Survey on Children.Analysis was conducted using the Multilevel Growth Model to examine the cognitive and emotional development trajectories of students throughout their elementary, middle, and high school years. Results: In terms of cognitive development, the study found that teacher support within the psychosocial school environment positively influenced the growth rate of Korean language subject grades. Regarding emotional growth, factors such as teacher support, school atmosphere, and peer relationships within the psychosocial school environment all exhibited significant positive effects on the initial levels of self-esteem among elementary school students. Additionally, the school atmosphere positively impacted the growth rate of self-esteem. The negative impact of poverty was often diminished or mitigated with the inclusion of variables such as students’ learning attitudes and parental educational involvement and supervision. Furthermore, with the additional inclusion of psychosocial school environment variables, the adverse effects of poverty almost completely disappeared. However, the influence of poverty persisted, manifesting as a negative impact on the initial scores of English subject grades. Conclusion: The psychosocial school environment can positively contribute to students' cognitive and emotional development. Particularly, teacher support has a positive impact on both the cognitive and emotional growth of students, and school climate and peer relationships are positively associated with emotional development. Therefore, efforts should be made in schools to strengthen teacher support, and to foster a positive school climate and peer relationships, aiming for a positive direction in cognitive and emotional development.

From Nurture to Deviance: A Study on Parenting Style and Juvenile Delinquency

ABSTRACT Drawing on data and quantitative analysis from the 2019 Recidivism Survey conducted by the Ministry of Justice in China, this study unveils a significant correlation between parenting styles, parent-child relationships, and juvenile delinquency. Negative parenting practices can lead to increased anxiety or a lack of self-control, especially in scenarios characterized by inadequate parental supervision. This shortfall in self-regulation is directly associated with a surge in criminal behavior among adolescents, thereby elevating the risk of engaging in delinquent activities. Furthermore, poor parent-child relationships exacerbate the adverse effects of insufficient parental oversight on juvenile misconduct. Youths with diminished social and emotional bonds to their parents are more susceptible to diverging from societal norms and participating in delinquent behaviors. Therefore, effective intervention strategies aimed at curbing juvenile delinquency should focus on improving parental supervision and guidance while simultaneously nurturing positive parent-child relationships.

Dampak Penggunaan Handphone Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Emosional AUD

He increasing development of technology and information means that everyone can never leave the hands of this Smartphone. Because, this gadget is very useful as a means or medium for exchanging information. Apart from just exchanging information, smartphones are used as a medium for seeking knowledge. However, many young children abuse the use of smartphones without parental supervision, which ultimately has negative impacts, one of which can endanger children's motor skills and endanger children's activities and lives. This research aims to find out how mobile phones influence the social emotional development of early childhood. In this research the author also uses qualitative methods with a literature approach. The results of the research show that the influence of these gadgets is very influential on children's emotional development because this includes mental disturbances, emotional instability. So, children's use of smartphones should be accompanied by strict supervision by parents.

Supervision, presence and knowledge: clarifying ‘parental monitoring’ concepts within a model of goal-directed parental action

The presence of parents or other guardians (commonly termed ‘supervision’) and parental knowledge are factors that are both robustly negatively associated with a range of anti-social and risky behavioural outcomes such as adolescent crime. However, parental presence/supervision and parental knowledge are both (i) regularly used inaccurately as proxies for parental monitoring, (ii) poorly defined and operationalised, and (iii) rarely linked to negative behavioural outcomes with plausible mechanisms that adequately explain their association. These problematic aspects of the parental monitoring literature are a barrier to research into adolescent outcomes and the varied role of parents. This theoretical paper facilitates solutions these problems by clarifying the concepts of parental presence, supervision and knowledge. This discussion delineates presence from supervision and knowledge from monitoring. It specifies how presence and knowledge are not parenting actions, and neither constitute parental monitoring. These concepts are clarified within the parameters of a recent framework of goal-directed parental action and parental monitoring. Doing so constitutes under-labouring that facilitates future discovery of their distinct and yet inter-related mechanisms of influence on adolescent action and development. These structured conceptual developments are also of benefit for our better future understanding of parenting and parental monitoring by providing a framework within which to re-situate existing empirical research findings.

Maxillofacial Bone Fractures in Children and Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

Facial injuries, including maxillofacial trauma (MFT), are common in children and adolescents due to their age and bone maturation stage. Children's injuries are less common than adults' due to parental supervision and the flexibility of the facial bone. Causes of maxillofacial bone fractures (MFBF) vary based on socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors. Management of MFBF in children and adolescents should consider their growth and development stage. A systematic review is needed to understand the prevalence, pattern, and distribution of MFBF in Saudi Arabia. This systematic review aimed to identify papers on MFBF in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The search strategy involved searching electronic databases like PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Ebsco. The review included full-text original research papers, with inclusion criteria including English publications, human studies, and no restrictions on sample size, gender, date, or language. The selection process involved screening titles and abstracts, evaluating full texts, and identifying relevant studies. Data extraction involved two authors individually assessing selected studies. The PRISMA flow diagram of the literature search revealed that 26 papers were identified, of which 15 remained after excluding duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 10 articles were removed, and five papers were assessed for eligibility. Four papers met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The studies examined 1447 patients for the presence of MFBFin different regions. The majority of MFBF were caused by falls and road traffic accidents (RTAs) in children and adolescents. Mandibular fractures were the most common, followed by maxillary fractures. The majority of patients had tooth/teeth avulsions, followed by tooth luxation and crown fractures. Only one study described investigation methods for MFBF diagnosis. The systematic review reveals a high prevalence of MFBFamong children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia, primarily due to falls and RTAs. The mandible is the most frequently fractured bone, and many children have concomitant teeth involvement. To reduce MFBF, effective initiatives and parental awareness strategies are recommended.

Dampak Teknologi terhadap Pembelajaran di Abad 21

The progress of the education sector in the modern 5.0 era presents significant challenges and opportunities. This article reviews the positive and negative impacts of technology on 21st-century education and efforts to optimize its usage. The research methodology employed is qualitative descriptive, involving the exploration of learning and educational technology definitions and the analysis of technology's impact on 21st-century learning. Research findings indicate that technology facilitates information access, creates new learning methods, and enhances data processing efficiency. However, there are also negative impacts such as dependence on technology, cybercrime risks, and a decline in ethics and social interaction. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of collaboration among educational institutions, technology industries, and governments to strengthen technological literacy, develop competency-based curricula, ensure adequate infrastructure, and monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of technology-based learning. Recommendations for optimizing technology in 21st-century education include training for educators and learners, parental supervision reinforcement, promotion of interdisciplinary learning, and regular updates in teaching methods. With this approach, educational institutions are expected to be more effective in addressing challenges and leveraging opportunities offered by the 21st-century education era, thus preparing a generation ready to compete on the global stage.

More than clean teeth! Identifying factors that contribute to the development of early childhood caries.

This review aimed to identify established and updated evidence-based factors that could contribute to a child's development of Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Four online databases were used to source evidence including the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus. The data search selected studies published between 2017 and 2021. Three specific terms were used to search: Dental Caries, Children, and Risk Assessment. There were three teams involved in data collection, two teams then reviewed selected articles. Exclusion criteria included any duplicate studies, commentaries, and editorials. Inclusion criteria included only randomised control trials and cohort studies. Selected studies must include children younger than 72 months, define the demographics, their clinical characteristics, and have clear follow-up of the patients involved. Commonly identified factors that were mentioned in multiple studies were then collected and assigned strength depending on the evidence measured using ratios. These could then beutilised to form a draft Caries Risk Assessment tool. 512 abstracts and 52 articles were screened, having matched the criteria set. Extraction of the data was completed under four headings: the child's age at the time of study (in years/months), risk predictors, the outcome, and the quality of the evidence presented. The GRADE system was then employed to separate the studies into high, moderate, low, and very low categorisation. Eventually, 22 new studies were included that would build on the original 25 articles that were identified in the previous systematic review. The most defining factors across the most recent systematic reviews in 2021 highlighted behavioural factors such as toothbrushing quality - parental supervision, frequency, and fluoride exposure. Specifically, the presence of plaque was used as a marker for oral hygiene evaluation. Dietary history included snacking frequency and, controversially, baby-toddler breastfeeding patterns. However, this does not take into consideration the dental impact - mainly the frequency or timing of breastfeeding (e.g. overnight). The review emphasises the importance of consideration of socio-economic factors though this may be a difficult topic of discussion if families are struggling i.e. household income and education level of parents or guardians. There is also mention of factors that do not have a significant evidence base such as the child's gender, ethnicity, and parental smoking status. In conclusion, the factors found to be relevant in the development of ECC were the child's age, toothbrushing quality/plaque control, parental involvement in toothbrushing, fluoride exposure, pattern of dental attendance, dietary sugar exposure, and habits, clinically carious active lesion presence, the oral bacterial composition (Streptococcus mutanspresence) and the socio-economic status of the child and their family. Though the review encourages identification of the caries risk factors in the mentioned groups, separated by both dental and non-dental professionals, ideally the aim would be to create a holistic care approach for management and signposting.

Pattern Foster Person Old in Formation Character Religion of Early Childhood in Subdistrict Bay Meranti Pelalawan District Riau

This research uses a qualitative approach with a survey method. This research was conducted in Teluk Meranti Subdistrict, Pelalawan Regency Riau, the data source of this research was determined by purposive sampling technique consisting of parents who have children aged 4-6 years. Data were collected by interview through a questionnaire. The data that has been obtained is analyzed using Miles & Huberman (1992) including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analyzed data were then tested for validity using triagulation techniques. The results of this study shows three findings (1) there are three types of parenting patterns applied by parents in Teluk Meranti Subdistrict, Pelalawan Regency Riau, namely 70% democratic parenting patterns seen in the provisions of rules that do n't burden children, giving advice and directions to children, and good communication in the family, Then authoritarian parenting 20% where parents tend to give physical punishment, few communications rooms, and permissive parenting 10% parents give freedom without parental supervision of children . (2) Religious characters result from democratic parenting are praying, fasting, familiarizing the words please, sorry, and thank you you, darling greetings, darling the creed, helping each other, keeping the environment clean and loving living things.

Examining the Factors Affecting Parental Supervision in Cyberbullying Prevention: Demographics, Parental Mediation, and Digital Parenting Awareness

This study aimed to determine the current situation regarding cyberbullying and parental supervision and the relationship between positive parental involvement and various variables. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed a relationship between parental supervision in cyberbullying prevention (PSCP) and digital parenting awareness, active mediation, content-specific restrictive interventions, and supervision. In elementary schools, co-use and content-specific restrictions are statistically significant predictors of parental supervision. In contrast, active mediation and parental role were statistically significant predictors for middle- and high-school students. Moreover, the effect of digital parenting awareness on supervision was statistically significant for both groups. For parents under 45 years of age, content-focused restrictions and digital parenting awareness were effective, whereas no effect was observed in those aged 45 years or above. Active mediation was effective in both age groups.

Analyzing the Offense of Juvinile Khalwat in Aceh: Evaluation of Qanun Number 14 of 2003 from an Islamic Legal Perspective

Aceh presents an intriguing area of study for numerous researchers in legal domains, owing to its distinct legal system in contrast to other regions in Indonesia. This legal jurisdictional authority underscores the intricacies involved in delineating the jurisdictional boundaries within the overarching framework provided by the national regulations. This is evident in cases of khalwat, an offense where a man and a woman date in seclusion. This study delves into an examination of the offense of juvenile khalwat in Aceh, as stipulated in Qanun Number 14 of 2003, employing Islamic legal theory within a sociological context. The findings of this study suggest that the juvenile occurrence of khalwat in Aceh stems from a combination of factors. These include the enduring influence of religious teachings, the prevalence of casual relationships among adolescents coupled with insufficient parental supervision, and the impact of modern social structures on youthful behavior. As a result, they engage in the offense of khalwat in public spaces, disregarding societal moral norms and public decorum. This Qanun fails to explicitly delineate the parameters for imposing penalties such as ‘uqubat (corporal punishment), flogging, and fines. Consequently, it leads to legal disparities in enforcement by the Wilayatul Hisbah, particularly when the offender is a minor or immature individual.