Parental Responses Research Articles

Glioblastoma recurrent cells switch between ATM and ATR pathway as an alternative strategy to survive radiation stress.

Primary treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM) post-surgery is radiation therapy. Due to increased DNA damage repair capacity of resistant residual GBM cells, recurrence is inevitable in glioblastoma and unfortunately the recurrent tumours are resistant to the conventional therapy. Here we used our previously described in vitro radiation survival model generated from primary GBM patient samples and cell lines, which recapitulates the clinical scenario of therapy resistance and relapse. Using the parent and recurrent GBM cells from these models, we show that similar to parent GBM, the recurrent GBM cells also elicit a competent DNA damage response (DDR) post irradiation. However, the use of apical DNA damage repair sensory kinase (ATM and/or ATR) is different in the recurrent cells compared to parent cells. Consistently, we demonstrate that there is a differential clonogenic response of parent and recurrent GBM cells to the ATM and ATR kinase inhibitors with recurrent samples switching between these sensory kinases for survival emphasizing on the underlying heterogeneity within and across GBM samples. Taken together, here we report that recurrent tumours utilize an alternate DDR kinase to overcome radiation induced DNA damage. Since there is no effective treatment specifically for recurred GBM patients, these findings provide a rationale for developing newer treatment option to sensitize recurrent GBM samples by detecting in clinics the ability of cells to activate a DNA damage repair kinase different from their parent counterparts.

Integrating a New Online Platform in Primary Care for Early Detection, Referral, and Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The First Italian Pivotal Project.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by deficits in social communication and a repetitive pattern of behavior, with recent Italian prevalence estimates of 1 in 77. Although the core behavioral features of ASD appear to emerge within the first two years of life, clinical diagnosis is often not received before the third birthday. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that primary care physicians routinely screen for ASD at the 18- and 24-month visits. In Italy, the Guidelines of the Italian National Institute for Health (ISS) recommend the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) as a screening tool for ASD, which compares parent responses with a semistructured observation by a healthcare provider. In the Italian National Health System, pediatricians have regular visits with all children; however, there is wide variability in following screening guidelines, and some barriers have been detected. For these reasons, other studies have highlighted the advantages of using telemedicine with the potential for enhancing ASD screening practices. The current study is an examination of the implementation of the first Italian online web-based screening tool (Web Italian Network for Autism Spectrum DisorderWIN4ASD), an innovative web app for pediatricians. We present the data obtained from the screening activity through the platform by a small group of pediatricians. The results of this study show that the implemented web-based platform appears to be an effective, efficient, and sustainable way to integrate screening services into primary care.

How does media attention affect parental response behaviors to telecommunication fraud?: Based on the influence of presumed media influence model

How does media attention affect parental response behaviors to telecommunication fraud?: Based on the influence of presumed media influence model

School Reputation: An Analysis of an Elusive Term in the Greek Lower Secondary System through Parents’ “Voices”

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of school reputation of five lower secondary schools located in the sixth largest city in Greece, as it emerges from the views and experiences of parents, and how it shapes school choice. To this end, 63 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children attending the last grade of nine adjacent primary schools, constituting a local education quasi-market. Parental responses were analyzed using thematic content analysis. We found that school reputation depends on the social characteristics of the broader area, student academic performance, teachers’ characteristics, and school infrastructure. Moreover, parents exercise school choice, although this is formally prohibited in Greece, using school’s reputation as the main criterion of selection. The usual pattern of choice is the avoidance of schools with a negative reputation, rather than the active selection of schools with positive reputation. To build knowledge on school reputation, parents mostly rely on social networks and personal experience.

Parent Protector: Perceptions of NICU-to-Home Transition Readiness for NICU Parents of Black Preterm Infant.

Black infants have twice the incidence of infant mortality (IM), death before the first birthday, and preterm birth in comparison to other US racial/ethnic groups; these factors make Black infants a high-risk group. The literature on the factors impacting caregivers and home environments for these infants is sparse. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore perceived parental readiness to care for their Black preterm infants at home after discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Ten NICU parents of Black preterm infants completed a structured interview and self-report questionnaires before hospital discharge; data were analyzed using descriptive and semantic content methods. Coded parent responses were categorized as Parent Protector of Infants' Health (n = 94, 29.2%); Hindrances to Parental Readiness for Transition to Home (n = 97, 30.1%), and Parent as Partner in NICU to Home Transition (n = 131, 40.6%). All parents rated themselves "confident" (n = 6) or "very confident" (n = 4) in their ability to care for their infant after NICU discharge. Partnership with the healthcare team was described as involving health information resources, effective communication, and, most importantly, support for the parental role as infant protector for transition to home for their high-risk infant after NICU discharge.

Policy of free GP care for children under 6 years: The impact on daytime and out-of-hours general practice

Ireland does not yet have a comprehensive system of universal access to primary care. In 2015, access to general practitioner (GP) care at no charge was introduced for the 70% of children aged under six who previously paid out-of-pocket fees. This study uses data from 16 practices and a regional out-of-hours (OOH) GP service to assess the impact of this policy on attendance.A difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis was applied to visit records of paediatric patients over a period of five years, two years of which were pre-policy, with treatment and control differentiated by age.Attendance at daytime GP by children aged under-six increased by 20%–21% in the three years following the introduction of the policy, largely explained by an increase in the number of patients attending (17.4%–18.6%). Of children aged under-six attending pre-policy, 14.9%–15.8% had >6 visits annually, increasing to 18.5%–20.3% post-policy. OOH GP attendance also increased by 20.5%–29.4% over the same period.Findings are consistent with international literature on the provision of financially accessible healthcare. Prior unmet need, the provision of additional assessments to children aged under six, parental response to a service at no charge, and rerouting of access to the ED through GP, are all possible contributors to this increased demand. A more integrated policy of boosting supply as well as demand is desirable, particularly in the context of future expansion plans, to ensure the health benefits anticipated from the introduction of this policy have every opportunity to be realised.

Learning to Cycle: From Training Wheels to Balance Bike.

Background: Learning to cycle is an important milestone in a child’s life, so it is important to allow them to explore cycling as soon as possible. The use of a bicycle with training wheels (BTW) for learning to cycling is an old approach practiced worldwide. Most recently, a new approach using the balance bike (BB) has received increased attention, and several entities believe that this could be most efficient. Drawing on the work of Bronfenbrenner (1995) and Newel (1986), this study aimed to analyse the effect of BB’s use on the learning process of cycling independently. Methods: Data were collected in Portugal from an online structured survey between November 2019 and June 2020. Results: A total of 2005 responses were obtained for adults and children (parental response). Results revealed that when the BB’s approach was used, learning age (LA) occurred earlier (M = 4.16 ± 1.34 years) than with the BTW’s approach (M = 5.97 ± 2.16 years) (p < 0.001); or than when there was only the single use of the traditional bicycle (M =7.27 ± 3.74 years) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Children who used the BB as the first bike had a significantly lower LA than children who did not use it (p < 0.001). To maximize its effects, the BB should be used in the beginning of the learning process.

Parental Self-Efficacy and Physiological Responses to Stress among Mothers of Early Adolescents

Little research addresses how parental self-efficacy is related to stress responses, and no research does so among parents of early adolescents. To fill this research gap, the current study examined the association between maternal self-efficacy and physiological stress responses during early adolescence. Participants were 68 mother-early adolescent dyads with youth in the 6th grade (M = 11 years; 56% female). Physiological responses (i.e., skin conductance, respiratory sinus arrythmia, cortisol) were measured before and after mothers observed their children engage in a modified Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Mothers reported on parental self-efficacy. Mothers with higher parental self-efficacy exhibited a more moderate skin conductance response to the speech portion of the task, and a smaller increase in cortisol, compared to mothers with lower parental self-efficacy. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia change was not related to parental self-efficacy. The findings are consistent with a "caring but confident" physiological profile among mothers with high parental self-efficacy, suggesting that greater confidence about parental influence might reduce parents' experience of stress/anxiety as they observe children face certain challenges.

Parents' responses to children's ingratitude are associated with children's gratitude and internalizing 3 years later.

The current study is the first to examine how parents respond to children's ingratitude and how such responses impact children's later gratitude and internalizing symptoms. We focused on parental responses in families with children aged 6-9 years when gratitude may be actively forming as part of socioemotional learning and other-oriented behavior. Parent-child dyads (n = 101; 52% female; 81% European American, 9% Asian/Asian American, 5% African American, 4% Latino) completed lab-based assessments at baseline and 3 years later. Results indicate that we can reliably assess and differentiate six parental responses to children's ingratitude (i.e., parental self-blame, distress, punishment, instruction, let-it-be, and give-in) using a novel scenario-based measure. Moreover, parents of older children reported more self-blame, distress, and let-it-be responses than those of younger children. More frequent distress and less frequent punishing and giving-in responses to ingratitude by parents predicted greater parent-reported child gratitude at follow-up whereas more frequent distress and less instruction and giving-in responses predicted greater child-reported gratitude at follow-up. Punishing responses also predicted greater later internalizing symptoms in children, whereas self-blame and distress responses predicted lower subsequent symptoms. Collectively, findings showed that parental responses to children's ingratitude predicted child gratitude and internalizing symptoms 3 years later, even after controlling for other factors comprising the parent ecology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Parenting behaviors of mothers with posttraumatic stress: The roles of cortisol reactivity and negative emotion.

Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with negative family outcomes, including parenting challenges, little is known about the biological and emotional processes that might underlie this association. The present project addressed this gap by examining associations between maternal PTSD and parenting behaviors in a lab setting. We expected that PTSD would be associated with more ineffective parenting behaviors and that negative emotion and cortisol reactivity would mediate this relation. A total of 78 mothers and their toddler-aged children completed a task designed to elicit parental responses to typical instances of child misbehavior. Salivary cortisol was collected from mothers prior and subsequent to the lab paradigm and mothers provided ratings of their experienced emotion while viewing a video of the interaction. Contrary to hypotheses, cortisol reactivity did not mediate associations between PTSD and parenting. However, findings suggest that PTSD is associated with greater permissive parenting behaviors, and mothers with even subthreshold symptoms of PTSD may experience more negative emotion during challenging parent-child interactions that ultimately interferes with parenting. Mothers with PTSD may benefit from interventions that focus on modifying the intensity of their negative emotions in the context of child misbehavior to more effectively set limits in everyday discipline encounters. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

PERSEPSI ORANG TUA SISWA SD TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN PADA ERA NEW NORMAL DI KABUPATEN MELAWI

This study aims to determine the perceptions of parents of elementary school (SD) students towards learning in the new normal era in Melawi Regency. Data collection in this study used an online questionnaire with the Google form application which was given to all parents of elementary school students in Melawi Regency as many as 31 people. This study uses mixed method which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The subjects of this study were 31 people. Data collection techniques used parental perception questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study obtained data that with regard to face-to-face learning in the New Normal era, the majority of parents agreed at 96.8%. While the rest stated disagree as much as 3.2%. Overall, based on parental responses regarding perceptions of the new normal era learning process, its advantages and convenience compared to online learning, it was obtained that an average of 87.1% of parents agreed and 12.9% of parents stated that they did not agree with the consideration that there were still concerns. against the pandemic that occurred, and the implementation of the shift process of learning hours which was felt to be useless because it was too short. In addition, the parents' perception of their participation in children's learning assistance was on average 59.37% in the frequent category, 36.12% in the occasional category, and 4.51% in the never category.

How Much Do Parents Know About Pain in Their Children?

Adequate pain control is essential to the comprehensive management of pediatric patients within the emergency department.The aim of this study is to evaluate parents' knowledge about pain in the pediatric population patient and secondarily describe erroneous concepts that can affect a correct children's pain management. A single-center descriptive study of cross-sectional surveys was performed between October and December 2018, with a previously validated ad hoc and anonymous questionnaire consisting of 9 items. All parents/guardians participating in the study had a child aged 0 to 18 years who had been admitted to the emergency department. Sixty-nine percent (n = 315) were women, 49.9% (n = 226) had university degrees and only 11% (n = 50) had professions related to the healthcare system. A linear association was observed between the number of correct answers and the level of education (β = 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.32; P < 0.001), as well as between parents with professions related to the healthcare system compared with other professions (61.4% vs 51.2% with P = 0.005). The responses of Spanish parents offered better results than answers obtained from parents from the American continent (56.4% vs 41.4% with P < 0.001). No differences were observed between parents of children with chronic diseases. In our study, we observed that a considerable percentage of parents hold misconceptions about how children express pain, and therefore, it would be necessary to encourage formation programs for parents to help identify, evaluate, and correctly treat pain in their children.

Manipulations of brood age reveal limited parental flexibility in an insectivorous passerine

For birds with altricial nestlings, behavioural flexibility in provisioning may be essential to success, as it enables parents to respond to changes in offspring demand. While parents often increase the quantity of food they provide as nestlings grow, they may also adjust different aspects of this suite of behaviours (i.e. feeding rate, prey type and size and distribution within broods) flexibly in response to nestling age. We tested whether generalist insectivores, mountain bluebirds, Sialia currucoides , respond to abrupt shifts in the body size of nestlings the same way they do when nestlings age normally. During a short-term (within-day) manipulation of nestling age, we recorded provisioning behaviour of parents feeding their own (‘natal’) and an age-manipulated (increased or decreased by 4 days) brood on the same day, in addition to recording provisioning ∼4 days before or after, when natal broods were the same age as manipulated broods. Parents responded to the age manipulation by altering feeding rates, but when broods aged naturally, parents altered the types and sizes of prey they delivered. Parents fed less often and provided larger prey when feeding younger-than-expected broods than when feeding young natal broods. Parents given older-than-expected broods fed more larvae, and fed more often, but provided smaller prey than supplied to older natal broods. Parents feeding older natal broods distributed prey more equitably among nestlings than those feeding either experimental older broods or younger broods (both natural and experimental broods), but this was not due to biased feeding of nestlings according to their body weight. Females fed more often than males and increased the quantity of larvae they provided to younger-than-expected broods. We suggest that parent mountain bluebirds can perceive and respond to both rapid and gradual changes in offspring size, but they may use different cues to adjust feeding rate and prey use. • Provisioning flexibility may allow parents to cope with changes in offspring demand. • Mountain bluebirds typically alter prey type but not feeding rate as nestlings grow. • We briefly manipulated nestling age (± 4 days) to examine parental responses. • During manipulation of brood age, parents altered feeding rate but not prey use. • Parents may adjust feeding rate and prey use in response to different cues.

Relations between parental response to children's negative emotions and suicidal ideation in chinese adolescents: Internalizing problems, emotion regulation, and perceived relationship quality with parents as mediators

Past work points to the crucial role of parents’ responses to children's negative emotions (PRCNE) in adolescents’ socioemotional adjustment. The presence of suicidal ideation (SI) is an important sign of significant distress and suicide risk. However, research on the relations between PRCNE and adolescents’ SI is lacking. This research aimed to investigate whether parental reactions to children's negative emotions (PRCNE) was related to adolescents’ SI and, if so, through which processes. This research utilized data from a sample of Chinese adolescent families (N = 4,574; Parents: 35.81% males, M = 44.07 years old; Adolescents: 55.40% males, M = 16.28 years old), with parents giving their reports on PRCNE and adolescents self-evaluating their psychosocial development (i.e., internalizing problems, emotion regulation, perceived relationship quality with parents) and SI. We examined the relations between six types of PRCNE and adolescents’ SI, and analyzed the mediating roles of adolescents’ internalizing problems, emotion regulation (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and perceived relationship quality with parents. The results showed that emotion-focused response, problem-focused response, and expression encouragement negatively predicted, while punitive response and distress response positively predicted adolescents’ SI. However, no statistically significant association emerged between minimization and adolescents’ SI. Moreover, adolescents’ internalizing problems, usage of expressive suppression, and perceived relationship quality with parents could mediate the relations between PRCNE and adolescents’ SI. Contrary to our hypothesis, the results did not support an indirect effect of PRCNE on adolescents’ SI through adolescents' cognitive reappraisal. The present research illuminates adolescents’ SI by emphasizing the roles of PRCNE. The findings also highlight the importance of paying attention to adolescents’ internalizing problems, expressive suppression, and perceived relationship quality with parents in relation to PRCNE in interventions aimed at reducing adolescents’ SI.

When the great equalizer shuts down: Schools, peers, and parents in pandemic times

What are the effects of school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic on children’s education? Online education is an imperfect substitute for in-person learning, particularly for children from low-income families. Peer effects also change: schools allow children from different socio-economic backgrounds to mix together, and this effect is lost when schools are closed. Another factor is the response of parents, some of whom compensate for the changed environment through their own efforts, while others are unable to do so. We examine the interaction of these factors with the aid of a structural model of skill formation. We find that school closures have a large, persistent, and unequal effect on human capital accumulation. High school students from low-income neighborhoods suffer a learning loss of 0.4 standard deviations after a one-year school closure, whereas children from high-income neighborhoods initially remain unscathed. The channels operating through schools, peers, and parents all contribute to growing educational inequality during the pandemic.

Introducing Parenting Support in Primary Care: Professionals\u2019 Perspectives on the Implementation of a Positive Parenting Program

While positive parenting programs are an initiative aligned with the Family-Centered Care model and the Council of Europe’s Recommendation on Positive Parenting, implementation in healthcare centers remains a challenge. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate how the hybrid version (online course plus face-to-face activities) of the program “Gain Health & Wellbeing From 0 to 3” was implemented in Spain from professionals’ perspective, and (2) explore the perceived impact of this hybrid version of the program on the implementers’ professional development. We used a qualitative mixed-methods design that included focus groups and surveys. Fifty professionals from 17 centers completed the survey on professional development. Thirty-one of these also participated in the focus groups to address the first aim. The key themes identified from the focus group were professional training, parent recruitment, program features, organizational issues, parental responses, and program sustainability. Survey results related to positive professional impact fit nicely with subthemes concerning collaboration with parents, parental needs, center coordination, and future expectations. The perceived relevance of the parenting program and its positive impact on the implementers’ professional development were potential predictors for the adoption and sustainability of the program in the public health system.

Army Public School Terrorist Attack - Perceptions and Experiences of school children of Karachi.

Objectives:To explore the experiences and perceptions of school children of Karachi after the Army Public School (APS) attack.Methods:It was a qualitative transcendental phenomenological study. Data collection started nine months after the attack, in September 2015, and continued till November 2019. Study participants were school children from Army, Government, and Private schools. The sampling strategy was convenience. Data collection of 53 students was done by focus group discussions and in depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using the phenomenological analytical techniques of Colaizzi.Results:Inductive analysis of the qualitative data gave rise to three themes - The journey beyond fear, Response of parents and schools and Role of media.Conclusion:The study concluded that the APS attack was the source of emotional distress and fear for the school children of Karachi as they personalized the event due to the nature of the attack. Immediately after the incident, they were in anger, grief, and fear, which altered their daily life activities and caused apprehensions in socializing and attending school. However, later they became highly motivated to study and gained courage. This motivation is revenge from terrorists as they wanted to keep children away from schools.

INVOLVEMENT OF PARENTS IN MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE NORTHERN PART OF MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES

Parental involvement in child’s education has significant impact in the teaching-learning process especially in this time of pandemic. It enriches the interest of the learners by providing sufficient sustenance while he/she is in the stage of learning. This study determined the involvement of parents in modular distance learning of students in the northern part of Mindanao particularly in the division of Surigao del Sur amidst covid -19 pandemic. The study pursued answers on the contributory factors extended by parents and their involvement on the aspect of communication; learning at home; and financial support. The respondents of the study were the parents and students of the three selected schools in the division of Surigao del Sur. A validated researchers-made questionnaire checklist was used as the main tool in determining the extent of parental involvement to modular distance learning amidst covid-19 pandemic. Responses of parents and students were recorded and interpreted using appropriate statistical tool. Analysis showed that parent respondents are aware of their role especially in molding their child’s future, despite of their educational background and economic status. Likewise, the students are mindful of the efforts of their parents in giving them their needs especially if it is related to education.

Lowering Barriers to Remote Education: Experimental Impacts on Parental Responses and Learning

Lowering Barriers to Remote Education: Experimental Impacts on Parental Responses and Learning

Parent Participation in Morbidity and Mortality Review: Parent and Physician Perspectives.

This study examined Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) review practices and perspectives of physicians and parents regarding parent participation in M&M review. Surveys were distributed to parents of children with a prior hospitalization for congenital heart disease (CHD) and physicians caring for pediatric CHD patients. Response distributions and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to compare parent and physician responses. Qualitative survey data were thematically analyzed. Ninety-two parent and 36 physician surveys were analyzed. Physicians reported parent input or participation was rarely sought in M&M review. Parents with direct experience of adverse events or death of their child reported providers discussed events with them in a timely manner and answered their questions; however, nearly half wished their healthcare team had done something differently during the disclosure. There was no statistical difference between groups regarding transparency (P = .37, .79); however, there was a significant difference in perspectives regarding parental involvement in the M&M review (P < .001). Common themes important to parents which emerged from the qualitative analysis were being adequately informed, feeling their perspectives were acknowledged and respected, having attentive and empathetic providers, and receiving consistent messaging. Although rarely included in current practice, parent participation in M&M could offer unique insight and increase accountability to proposed change elucidated by M&M review.