Parental Personality Research Articles

ФЕНОМЕН БАТЬКІВСЬКОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

ФЕНОМЕН БАТЬКІВСЬКОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

Maternal personality predicts insensitive parenting: Effects through causal attributions about infant distress

The association between parent personality and parenting has been established in the literature; however, the mechanisms explaining this relationship remain poorly understood. In the current study, we examined associations between maternal personality and maternal insensitive behaviors through causal attributions about infant distress. Primiparous mothers (N = 259) reported maternal personality during the third trimester of pregnancy. Mothers and 6-month-old infants were videotaped during distress eliciting tasks and mothers' causal attributions were assessed using a video recall method. Maternal unresponsiveness and negativity were coded. Maternal neuroticism was indirectly associated with more overtly negative maternal behaviors through negative attributions, whereas agreeableness was directly associated with fewer unresponsive maternal behaviors. Additionally, mothers who made more situational attributions engaged in fewer unresponsive behaviors. Results suggest maternal personality and causal attributions play an important role in maternal behavior in distressing contexts. Directions for intervention, parent education, and future research are discussed.

Investigating direct and indirect influences of parent personality on child medication adherence

ABSTRACT This study examined whether parent-provider communication or parent involvement in the child’s regimen mediated relationships between select parent personality traits and child medication adherence in a sample of 270 parents of children recently prescribed a medication. Recruitment occurred via MTurk. Parent neuroticism had an indirect effect on child medication adherence to dosing schedule (95% CI [−.030, −.002]) and global adherence (95% CI [−.038, −.003]) via a latent communication variable comprised of medication-specific and general parent-provider communication measures. Parent conscientiousness had an indirect effect on adherence to dosing schedule (95% CI [−.20, −.01]) and global adherence (95% CI [−.29, −.04]) via parent-provider communication. Conscientiousness also had an indirect effect on adherence to dosing schedule (BCa CI [−.106, −.003]) and global adherence (BCa CI [−.27, −.01)] via parent involvement. Findings support parent personality as a risk factor for pediatric nonadherence and suggest modifiable intervention targets.

Factors influencing women\u2019s sex work in a Lebanese sample: results of a case-control study

BackgroundMany constituents contribute to the rise of sex work in Lebanon such as the socio-economic situation in the country (poverty, increased unemployment rates, and religious divisions), as well as the political and social instability. Several emotional and psychological factors such as depression, stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, emotional abuse, may force some people to rely on trading sex as a coping strategy for persevering. Therefore, it was deemed interesting to explore and understand factors that are correlated with sex work in Lebanon where no study, to our knowledge, has been written on this critical point. The objective of the study was to assess factors (such as trauma, child abuse, partner abuse, depression, anxiety, and stress) associated with women joining sex work among a sample of the Lebanese population.MethodsA case-control study was conducted on a group of women (60 sex workers recruited from a prison for women) involved in sex work matched for age and sex with a control group (60 non-sex workers). Controls were chosen from the same prison population as the sex workers.ResultsA logistic regression was conducted, taking being a sex worker vs not as the dependent variable; independent factors were sociodemographic characteristics, child (psychological, neglect, physical and verbal) and inter partner violence (physical and non-physical), depression, anxiety and stress. Higher anxiety (aOR = 1.08) and higher inter partner physical violence (aOR = 1.02) were altogether related with higher chances of being a sex worker.ConclusionThis study proposes an association between child abuse, inter partner violence, alcohol consumption, anxiety, and sex work. Future research may also need to contemplate other factors not examined here, including parental substance use, personality traits, and many others.

How parental viewpoint and personality affect gifted child outcomes

A 17-year longitudinal follow-up of 56 American gifted children investigates and gives examples of a variety of social, emotional, and career outcomes for children who are in the same intellectual ranges. Evaluated for 5 Levels of Giftedness 1 as children, the subjects’ intellectual abilities are compared within and across five ability levels of typical to exceptionally and profoundly gifted. The subjects’ current age range is 22 to 43. Results indicate that it is the parental personality and viewpoint that most significantly make the difference in outcomes. That is, parental actions and advocacy on behalf of their gifted children are a function of their viewpoint and personality preference. Stated simply as one example: for parents who believe—hold the viewpoint that—either the school or their child should make changes in their behaviors, they often end up in recurring battles of the will rather than satisfactory or good results. When parents discover what works most naturally for their child’s ways of learning, they can take positive actions to find an environment that already exists or they can establish an environment that opens up a good “fit” not only in their child’s learning and academic realm, but in the social, emotional, and eventual adult career domains, as well.

Attachment Theory in Organizations: Theoretical and Methodological Frontiers

The use of attachment theory to explain work-related relationships and behavior has been an exciting new development within the organizational behavior literature. To date, attachment-based organizational research has been limited to a few topics, such as leadership and group dynamics (for reviews, see Mikulincer & Shaver, 2016; Paetzold, 2015; Yip, Ehrhardt, Black, & Walker, 2017). Although we have known for some time that work relationships offer a promising context to test the predictions of attachment theory (Hazan & Shaver, 1990), only recently has this topic captured the attention of empirical researchers. To expand the theoretical horizon of attachment research in organizational context, this symposium aims to present attachment-based explanations to the topics beyond the existing literature. Meanwhile, it also focuses on papers that deploy new methodological and analytic strategies to offer new insights that promise to develop and extend theoretical thinking. For example, a person-centered approach to examine the relationship between attachment patterns and organizational outcomes. Studies in this symposium also tap into the questions of whether individuals feel attached to their organization the same way as they are attached to other human beings, and what makes attachment functioning so impactful in workplace relations. In summary, through four empirical papers, this symposium shows some new theoretical and empirical developments in the investigations of work relationships through the lens of attachment theory. To move forward, we propose that attachment-based organizational research is likely to benefit from both creative theoretical ideas and brave methodological applications. Attachment Profile as Predictor of Workplace Relationship Perceptions Presenter: Emma (Lei) Jing; U. of Alberta Presenter: Mario Mikulincer; IDC Herzliya Knowledge Sharing and Employee Attachment: A Person-Centered Approach Presenter: Matthew McLarnon; Mount Royal U. Presenter: Ian R. Gellatly; U. of Alberta Presenter: David Richards; Lakehead U. Presenter: Ofer Arazy; U. of Haifa Attachment Styles, Parent Personality, and Preferences for Leadership Presenter: Dustin Wood; U. of Alabama Presenter: Peter Harms; U. of Alabama Developing and Validating a Measure of Organizational Attachment Presenter: Justin Feeney; Hill Levene School of Business Presenter: Richard D Goffin; U. of Western Ontario Presenter: Michelle Inness; U. of Alberta

Zusammenhänge zwischen adoleszenter und elterlicher psychischer Struktur

Summary Relation between adolescent and parental personality structure The present study aims to investigate the relations between the personality structure of mentally healthy adolescents and the personality structure of their mentally healthy mothers and fathers. Of further interest seems to be the extent to which gender-specific differences exist regarding these relations. A total of 94 adolescents (Mage = 16.9 ± 2.1), 89 mothers (Mage = 49.0 ± 5.8), and 49 fathers (Mage = 50.7 ± 4.9) participated in the study. The personality structure was measured by means of the self-assessment instruments OPD-CA2-SQ or OPD-SQS. Weak to moderate, positive relations between the overall personality structure and structural dimensions of adolescents and the overall personality structure and structural dimensions of their mothers could be shown. These were also to be found in the analyses of gender-specific relations. However, the shown relations did not reach statistical significance under Bonferroni-Holm adjustment. Relations between the paternal overall personality structure or structural dimensions and the overall personality structure and structural dimensions of adolescents were unable to be shown neither regarding the adolescent overall sample nor in the gender-specific analyses.

The Correlation between Parents’ Personalities and Responsible Environmental Behavior on Students’ Learning at School

Environment is everything around the human being and influences the development of human life. Environmental problems have to be solved by all parties, including parents. Environmental responsibility behavior comes from an awareness of the problems that occurred. This awareness can solve the problems. The responsibility behavior of parents is the result of the interaction of various factors, one of them is a personality factor. This study aimed to recognize the correlation between personality and environmental responsibility behavior of parents. This research was conducted in SMP (Junior High School) Labschool Jakarta, SMP Labschool Kebayoran, and SMP Labschool Cibubur in the first semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. The population of the study was all parents whose children study at the mentioned Lab schools. The method used was a survey method through correlational studies. The correlation coefficient obtained was 0.961. It could be interpreted that the determination coefficient was 92.4 %. Based on the result, it could be concluded that the personality variable contributed to the parents’ environmental responsibility behavior (92.4 %) while 7.6 % was determined by other factors. The very high correlation could have an impact on a child's parenting. Parents who have a high personality will educate their children to have a high personality and environmental responsibility as well. Learning models in schools that are appropriate and contain strong Islamic values will be able to strengthen the personality of a child that has been formed by his parents at home.

Well-being in parents of children with cancer: The impact of parental personality, coping, and the child's quality of life.

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of parental personality, coping, and the child's quality of life on the well-being of parents of children treated for cancer. The study included 99 parents (63 mothers and 36 fathers), 41 parents during child's intensive treatment, 23 parents whose child completed intensive treatment, and 25 parents of children who completed treatment at least five years ago. The results of multivariate study have confirmed the predictive role of parental personality (especially Neuroticism); emotion-focused coping styles, and the child's quality of life (especially physical functioning) on parental well-being. About 60% of the variance in parental well-being can be attributed to the predictors. Assessing parental personality functioning and coping styles can help us identify those parents who are less emotionally stable, more prone to emotionally focused coping styles, and most likely to experience poorer well-being. Improved assessment may contribute to the development of further psychological interventions.

Investigating-the-predictive-role-of-personality-traits-on-parenting-styles-in-couples-of-6-12-years-children

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of parental personality traits on parenting styles. Methods: Using a systematic sampling method, a total number of 617 couples with 6-12 years old child living in northeastern Iran, were recruited. The data were collected via the Robinson Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire, Goldberg’s Big-Five Personality Inventory, and a socio-demographic form. Results: Results indicated that (a) in mothers and fathers with increasing the personality traits such as emotional stability, and openness to experience, authoritarianism was decreased and authoritativeness was increased, (b) when mothers and fathers have more conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience, permissiveness was decreased, (c) when fathers have more extraversion, and conscientiousness, authoritarianism, and authoritativeness were increased respectively,(d) in mothers with agreeableness and conscientiousness, authoritativeness was shown,(e) in mothers with increasing openness to experience, permissiveness was decreased. Conclusions: This study indicated mother–father differences in personality traits leads to a different typology of parenting styles for their children. Hence, the assessment of parenting styles should be an important focus for evaluation in parents with different personality traits and vice versa, when parental personality traits are investigated, attention to parenting styles should be essential.

Posttraumatic growth as a factor of psychological well-being of parents of children with autism

Contemporary research trends in area of social support of people jeopardised or afflicted by a trauma are focused on analysis of salutogenic model. It describes resources, strengths and potential of individuals, which enables them to overcome (oppose) the consequences of encountered crisis. The article presents phenomenon of posttraumatic growth of parents of children, who suffer from autism. Preventive strategies, which are adopted by such parents, are indicated by the authors. It occurs that however demanding disability of a child can be for the family, it might also be the source of emotional and spiritual changes in personality of parents. Such predicament can lead to improvement in quality of life.

From parental personality over parental styles to children psychopathic tendencies

We examined the role of parental personality traits and parenting styles in explaining psychopathic tendencies in children at the beginning of elementary school. One hundred seventy-three parents fulfilled the Big Five Inventory and Parenting Styles Questionnaire for themselves and Child Problematic Traits Inventory for their children (80 boys; M = 5.28 years, SD = 4.12 months). Results revealed a complex interplay between parental personality traits, parenting styles, and children’s psychopathic tendencies. Overall, two path analyses revealed that parental Psychopathy Resemblance Index (PRI) has both direct and indirect effects on children psychopathy; parental Agreeableness has both direct and indirect negative effects; Neuroticism through the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles has a positive indirect effect; Openness has a direct negative, while Extraversion has a direct positive effect on children’s psychopathic tendencies. Thus, the permissive and authoritarian parenting styles are modelled by parental personality, and they both seem to play an important role in children’s psychopathic tendencies. However, all observed effects were small, which can have important implications for early interventions.

Личностные особенности родителей детей с особыми потребностями в образовании

The article examines the study of personal characteristics of parents of children with special educational needs in education (SEN) in the city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Today, the problem of studying a family, raising children with special needs in education is relevant and requires extensive research. This is confirmed by the large number of children with SEN in Kazakhstan. The study is aimed in particular at studying the factor of influence of certain parental personality traits and characteristics (mechanisms of psychological defense, coping-strategy and guilt conscience) on the child and on his abilities and success in educational and correctional processes. The scientific novelty of the results of this article lies in the correlation between the personal characteristics of the parents of children with SEN with the data that determine the parental attitude towards the child and the impact of the studied indicators of the parents on the child’s progress in correctional and specialized educational programs.

La influencia de la personalidad parental como predictor de la configuración del apego y de los problemas de conducta en la infancia

El ejercicio de la paternidad se haya condicionado por los rasgos de personalidad de los progenitores (Desjardins, Zelenski Coplan, 2008; Lomanowska, Boívin, Hertzman Fleming, 2017). Las primeras huellas en la literatura científica que describen esta realidad podemos encontrarlas en el trabajo de Belsky (1984). Alude a la influencia de las características personales de los progenitores en los estilos educativos (Prinzie, Stams, Dekovic, Reijntjes Belsky, 2009). Vondra, Bittman y Belsky (2008) relacionan personalidad y paternidad por medio de tres dimensiones: diferenciación psicológica parental, afecto negativo y trastorno psicológico. Defienden que la habilidad para la crianza se verá modulada por la personalidad y ajuste exhibido por los progenitores. De este modo, ciertos rasgos de personalidad, tales como la psicopatía parental o emocional negativa, condicionan la apreciación de problemas conductuales en la infancia (Angelini, Klijs, Smidt Mierau, 2016; Desjardins, Zlenski Goplan, 2008; Lomanowka, et al., 2017; Oliver, Wright Coffman, 2009). De hecho, se ha encontrado que las características personales maternas predicen comportamientos infantiles. El bienestar psicológico de las madres correlaciona con los problemas en el desarrollo de sus hijos/as (Camsranesi, 2016; Nikolaev, Baranova Petunova, 2016). En esta investigación hemos analizado las relaciones existentes entre los rasgos de personalidad parental en el desarrollo del apego y la aparición de problemas de conducta. Para ello hemos utilizado distintas pruebas psicométricas objetivas validadas y comercializadas. A la vez, como se indica en la literatura, para la medición del apego en las edades establecidas en la investigación, hemos utilizado una prueba proyectiva. Los resultados obtenidos en el centro educativo evaluado nos ratifican y verifican una muy alta correlación en el triángulo tipo personalidad parental, configuración del apego y problemas de conducta.

Social anxiety disorder among children and adolescents: A nationwide survey of prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and co-morbidities

BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder is a frequent psychiatric disorder. We aimed to estimate the life-time prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and co-morbidities of this condition among children and adolescents. MethodsThis was a cross sectional national survey conducted in Iranian individuals aged 6 to 18 years. Face-to-face household interviews were performed by trained clinical psychologists. The Farsi version of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children/present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) was administered to estimate the SAD prevalence. Parental personality traits and their psychopathologies were also obtained using Millon clinical multiaxial inventory, third edition (MCMI-III) to find the possible risk factors. ResultsFrom 29,878 participants, 585 individuals were diagnosed with SAD and weighted lifetime prevalence of 1.8% was observed. The odds of this condition was significantly higher among older adolescents (odds ratio (OR):1.47; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.11-1.95) and individuals with paternal history of psychiatric hospitalization (OR: 2.96; 95%CI: 1.29-6.79). Higher means of persistent depression disorder (OR: 1.009; 95%CI: 1.000-1.018) and melancholic personality trait (OR: 1.007; 95%CI: 1.001-1.014) in mothers as well as schizophrenia spectrum (OR: 1.014; 95%CI: 1.001-1.027) and anxiety (OR: 1.010; 95%CI: 1.010-1.021) in fathers were statistically associated with higher odds of SAD in their children. Other anxiety disorders and behavioral disorders were the most prevalent co-morbidities. LimitationsThe cross-sectional analysis does not enable analyses of possible causal associations. Lacking control group and follow-up periods were other major limitations that should be resolved in future studies. ConclusionClinicians and researchers need to continue studying this condition at all levels and in all developmental periods.

The Influence of Maternal Schizotypy on the perception of Facial Emotional Expressions during Infancy: an Event-Related Potential Study

Parenting directly affects the developmental and clinical outcomes of children. How parental personality relates to perceptual and cognitive mechanisms during early development is not clear. For parents with traits of the personality dimension schizotypy, would their infant display brain responses similar to those on the schizophrenia-spectrum? This study investigates whether maternal personality influences early social-cognitive awareness during the first 6 postnatal months.Schizotypy is a dimension of personality within the general population. If deficits contribute to the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders by influencing the development of symptom-like characteristics, they may be observable in neurotypical individuals with schizotypal characteristics. Parents and their infants were shown standardised positive and negative faces and event-related potential responses were assessed. It was hypothesised that the infants of schizotypic mothers would display differential Negative-central event-related potentials for the happy and fearful expressions when compared to infants of non-schizotypic mothers.Results support prior literature; indicating 6-month-old infants allocate more attentional resources to fearful when contrasted to happy faces. The adult cohort displays this same ability. In addition, schizotypic mothers displayed comparable amplitudes for both expressions in comparison to the control mothers who exhibited larger amplitudes towards the fearful compared to the happy expression. Infants of schizotypic mothers did not show a greater sensitivity to facial expressions at 6-months, but schizotypic mothers showed a generalised response towards facial expressions compared to the typical P600 response illustrated by the control mothers. The present study suggests that development in the higher cognitive domains, such as the allocation of attention to novel stimuli, are not affected at 6 months of age by maternal personality related to schizotypy when examined at the group level. Implications for personality development, maternal-infant interactions and cognitive neuroscience methodologies are discussed.

Associations among parental and romantic attachment, personality disorder symptoms, and physical health.

The relations of parental and romantic attachment with physical health symptoms and the mediating role of personality disorder symptoms in those relations were examined in an online survey of US young adults. Latent class analysis identified two groups: occasionally sick and healthier. Insecure attachment was related to being occasionally sick and to personality disorder symptoms (poor reality testing, primitive defenses, and diffused identity). Primitive defenses/identity diffusion mediated relations between insecure parental attachment and physical symptoms. Maternal and paternal attachment each provided unique information about these relations. Romantic attachment was not associated with physical symptoms after adjusting for parental attachment and personality disorder symptoms.

Parent personality is linked to juvenile mortality and stress behavior in the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus)

Life history theory predicts that individuals will differ in their risk-taking behavior according to their expected future fitness. Understanding consequences of such individual variation within a behavioral trait is crucial in explaining potential trade-offs between different traits and in predicting future dynamics in changing environments. Here, we studied individuals in a wild arctic fox population to explore if (1) individual variation in risk-taking behaviors of adult arctic foxes and in stress-dealing behaviors of their juveniles exist and are consistent over time to verify the existence of personality traits; (2) those behavioral traits in adults and juveniles are correlated; (3) they can explain fitness-related components (i.e., juvenile physical condition, mortality rate). We presented simple field experiments assessing behavioral traits by observing adult reactions toward approaching observers, and juvenile behaviors while trapping. Through the experiments, we found highly consistent individual variation of adults in vigilance and boldness levels, and more flexible juvenile behavioral traits categorized as investigating, passive, and escaping. The offspring of bolder adults exhibited more investigating behaviors and were less passive than the offspring of shy adults. Juvenile physical condition was not related to their mortality nor any behavioral traits of either parents or themselves. Lastly, highly investigating and active juveniles with bold parents had significantly lower mortality rates. This shows that interactions between parent personality and juvenile behavioral traits affect a fitness-related component in the life history of individuals.Significance statementThe recent surge of interest in consistent individual difference in behavior, also called as animal personality, has already focused on its fitness consequences, but few studies have investigated the interactions between parent and offspring personality, and their ecological consequences. Moreover, this has rarely been studied in wild canids. The arctic fox is a charismatic species showing wide individual variation in behaviors. They live in highly fluctuating tundra ecosystems providing different selection regimes, making it even more eco-evolutionarily intriguing. Yet, few studies looked into behavioral traits and their importance in this system. While introducing simple methods to improve personality research in the wild, we provide a unique example of how variation in both parents and their juveniles collectively works for group dynamics in a cyclic population. This provides a firm basic for understanding behavior-mediated dynamics and opens up broader questions on how fluctuating environments exert varying pressures on individual differences.

Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta-analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience.

Child maltreatment in the family context is a prevalent and pervasive phenomenon in many modern societies. The global perpetration of child abuse and neglect stands in stark contrast to its almost universal condemnation as exemplified in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. Much work has been devoted to the task of prevention, yet a grand synthesis of the literature is missing. Focusing on two core elements of prevention, that is, antecedents for maltreatment and the effectiveness of (preventative) interventions, we performed an umbrella review of meta‐analyses published between January 1, 2014, and December 17, 2018. Meta‐analyses were systematically collected, assessed, and integrated following a uniform approach to allow their comparison across domains. From this analysis of thousands of studies including almost 1.5 million participants, the following risk factors were derived: parental experience of maltreatment in his or her own childhood (d = .47), low socioeconomic status of the family (d = .34), dependent and aggressive parental personality (d = .45), intimate partner violence (d = .41), and higher baseline autonomic nervous system activity (d = .24). The effect size for autonomic stress reactivity was not significant (d = −.10). The umbrella review of interventions to prevent or reduce child maltreatment showed modest intervention effectiveness (d = .23 for interventions targeting child abuse potential or families with self‐reported maltreatment and d = .27 for officially reported child maltreatment cases). Despite numerous studies on child maltreatment, some large gaps in our knowledge of antecedents exist. Neurobiological antecedents should receive more research investment. Differential susceptibility theory may shed more light on questions aimed at breaking the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and on the modest (preventive) intervention effects. In combination with family‐based interaction‐focused interventions, large‐scale socioeconomic experiments such as cash transfer trials and experiments with vouchers to move to a lower‐poverty area might be tested to prevent or reduce child maltreatment. Prevalence, antecedents, and preventive interventions of prenatal maltreatment deserve continuing scientific, clinical, and policy attention.

The Early Growth and Development Study: A Dual-Family Adoption Study from Birth Through Adolescence.

The Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS) is a prospective adoption study of birth parents, adoptive parents and adopted children (n = 561 adoptees). The original sample has been expanded to include siblings of the EGDS adoptees who were reared by the birth mother and assessed beginning at age 7 years (n = 217 biological children), and additional siblings in both the birth and adoptive family homes, recruited when the adoptees were 8-15 years old (n = 823). The overall study aims are to examine how family, peer and contextual processes affect child and adolescent adjustment, and to examine their interplay (mediation, moderation) with genetic influences. Adoptive and birth parents were originally recruited through adoption agencies located throughout the USA following the birth of a child. Assessments are ongoing and occurred in 9 month's intervals until the adoptees turned 3 years of age, and in 1 to 2 year intervals thereafter through age 15. Data collection includes the following primary constructs: child temperament, behavior problems, mental health, peer relations, executive functioning, school performance and health; birth and adoptive parent personality characteristics, mental health, health, context, substance use, parenting and marital relations; and the prenatal environment. Findings highlight the power of the adoption design to detect environmental influences on child development and provide evidence of complex interactions and correlations between genetic, prenatal environmental and postnatal environmental influences on a range of child outcomes. The study sample, procedures and an overview of findings are summarized and ongoing assessment activities are described.