BackgroundBreastfeeding is considered to be the best food for infants and plays important role in the formation of growth and development. The factors associated with the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding varies from country to country. The aim of this study was to determine the breastfeeding patterns in the first 24 h of life and its associated factors. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage sampling. The cities of Fars province in Iran were considered as clusters and then samples were taken from hospitals (public and private). Data were collected from 1439 newborns by interviewing the mothers and using a questionnaire. Data were evaluated using descriptive and analytical statistics by SPSS software (version 16.0). Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the variables affecting breastfeeding. ResultsDuring the first 24 h of life, 96% of mothers started the breastfeeding of their infants, and 1238 newborns (87%) were breastfed exclusively. Breastfeeding rate was significantly higher in mothers with normal vaginal delivery (P < 0.001). Hospital type, family income, parental education and parental job significantly associated with Breastfeeding rate. ConclusionThe rate of breastfeeding in the first 24 h of life was in a good condition. However, given the high rate of cesarean delivery and its negative impact on breastfeeding, it is necessary to take measures to ensure that this type of delivery is performed only if necessary.