Parental Control Research Articles

Recollections of parental psychological control: Associations with dysfunctional individuation, depressive symptoms, and shame and guilt.

Excessive parental psychological control may disrupt individuals' psychosocial development, thus influencing later psychological problems. The present study tests a retrospectively worded Parental Control and Disrespect Scale (PCDS) to examine factor structure and model fit as well as associations with individuation-related difficulties and negative affect. Study measures were completed by 482 adults at a single time-point. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested acceptable model fit of the retrospectively worded PCDS. PCDS scores were significantly associated with dysfunctional individuation, depressive symptoms, and generalized shame and guilt, remaining significant after controlling for age, gender, and neuroticism. Moderation analysis indicated certain associations as stronger among female participants, such that dysfunctional individuation was lower at decreased levels of parental control among women, while generalized guilt was higher at increased parental control among women. Findings support the retrospective use of the PCDS, indicating links between parental psychological control, individuation-related difficulties, and negative affect problems.

Development of an IoT-enabled smart baby cradle for enhanced infant monitoring and parental control

raditional infant monitoring systems are evolving into intelligent solutions, offering real-time notifications and automation to cater to the demands of multitasking parents. However, most IoT solutions in parental care focus solely on monitoring, lacking automatic smartphone control. In response to this gap, we developed an IoT-based system for automatic cradle monitoring. This system not only enables smartphone-based monitoring but also allows parents to control the cradle's swing speed and receive notifications through a mobile application. Our solution integrates PIR and sound sensors, an ESP8266 microcontroller, and a Wi-Fi module to create a robust monitoring system that tracks a baby's movements and sounds, sending instant notifications to the smartphone. The user can activate the system and adjust the cradle's motion using a slider based on sensor data. This IoT-enabled smart baby cradle enhances convenience and reduces parental stress, ensuring infant well-being and safety. A survey conducted among Universiti Teknologi MARA instructors revealed that 70% preferred automatic swing cradles over traditional ones, and 80% expressed the need for IoT integration in infant cradles, highlighting the growing demand for such advanced solutions.

The Impact of Gadget Use on Adolescents: a Literature Review

ABSTRACT The use of gadgets by adolescents without balanced knowledge will impact health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of gadgets on adolescents so that the impact of using gadgets can be prevented and minimized. This research method uses a literature review. Where in the process of searching for literature in this literature review using Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, and Google Scholar databases with a range of published years 2019-2024. The search was done using several keywords "Impact" "Gadget" AND "Use". The results found 10 articles that show that excessive use of gadgets above the maximum use limit in adolescents causes various problems including physical health such as headaches, back pain, visual disturbances, neck pain, obesity, cognitive development disorders, and psychological health such as sleep disorders, loneliness, easy emotions and stress. Factors such as the lack of knowledge among adolescents about the time limit of gadget use, teacher control when adolescents are in the school environment and lack of parental control over adolescents in the use of gadgets at home trigger the emergence of gadget use in adolescents above the time limit determined by WHO so that it will cause addiction and impact on adolescent health. Therefore, collaboration between adolescents, families, educational institutions and health institutions is needed to prevent and reduce the impact of gadget use on adolescents. Keywords: Gadget Addiction, The Impact Of Teen Gadget Use, Teen Health

It’s Still Complicated: From Privacy-Invasive Parental Control to Teen-Centric Solutions for Digital Resilience

It’s Still Complicated: <b>From Privacy-Invasive Parental Control to Teen-Centric Solutions for Digital Resilience</b>

중·고등학교 태권도선수에 대한 부모의 심리적 통제가 실패공포와 경쟁불안에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between parental psychological control, fear of failure, and competitive anxiety perceived by middle and high school Taekwondo players. For this purpose, data from 375 people were used in the final analysis. Data processing was performed using SPSS WIN Ver. The hypothesis was verified and analyzed using the 21.0 statistical program. The conclusions drawn through the above process are as follows. First, the psychological control of parents perceived by middle and high school Taekwondo players was found to be significant in their fear of failure. Second, the psychological control of parents perceived by middle and high school Taekwondo players was found to be significant for competitive anxiety. Third, the fear of failure perceived by middle and high school Taekwondo players was found to be significantly related to competitive anxiety. There is a risk that parental psychological control may reduce the player's ability and value. It is believed that parents need to seek ways to improve self-management and self-efficacy with an attitude of acceptance.

Longitudinal examination of marijuana use and physical teen dating violence: Antisocial peers and impulsivity as mediators

BackgroundPrior studies have shown that marijuana use is often associated with physical teen dating violence. However, few studies have examined the longitudinal mediating effects of associating with antisocial peers and impulsivity on this relationship. Also, few studies have estimated the cascading developmental impact of marijuana use and antisocial peer association, predicting the continued marijuana use and antisocial peer associations while considering the risk of impulsivity in physical teen dating violence. Thus, the current study utilized the problem behavior theory and an alternative path to physical dating violence to address these limitations. ObjectiveThe current study tested the longitudinal effects of marijuana use on physical teen dating violence and the indirect effects of antisocial peer association and impulsivity on this relationship (M = 12.29); 52.1 % of males and 47.9 % of females participated. MethodsAdolescents completed questionnaires at baseline and were assessed six months later (n = 836). Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) and cross-lagged mediation models were used first to analyze the direct effect of lifetime marijuana use on physical dating violence and antisocial peer association and impulsivity as potential mediators of this relationship. Then, the cross-lagged mediation models were used to estimate the alternative path to physical teen dating violence using lifetime marijuana use and antisocial peer association as predictors at baseline and continued antisocial peer association, marijuana use, and impulsivity at the subsequent wave as mediators. ResultsResults suggested that marijuana use at baseline was not positively associated with physical teen dating violence over time. The association with antisocial peers but not impulsivity mediated the relationship between marijuana use and physical dating violence. Cross-lagged mediation results suggested that marijuana use at baseline positively predicted antisocial peer association in the subsequent wave, which led to an increase in physical teen dating violence. Further, antisocial peer association at baseline is positively associated with continued antisocial peer association at the subsequent wave; thus, antisocial peer association is positively related to physical teen dating violence when controlling for depressive symptoms, family support, number of dates, and parental monitoring. ConclusionThese results suggest though marijuana use alone is not statistically associated with physical teen dating violence, it does increase the risk of antisocial social peer associations that could increase adolescents' likelihood to engage in physical teen dating violence. Further, the onset of antisocial peer association could persist over time, thus serving as a risk factor for physical teen dating violence over time.

Cyberbullying: Risk Factors for Victimization in Rural Schools and the Influence of School Climate.

This study evaluated the prevalence rates and risk factors for cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among 7th-12th grade students (n = 3,396) enrolled in 22 public school districts across Southern Illinois. Risk factors included victimization by traditional bullying, gender identity, cell phone use, and social media usage. We also examined perceptions of school climate and safety. We observed that traditional bullying victimization, gender identity, and social media usage predicted cyberbullying victimization. Similarly, perceptions of school climate and safety were significantly and positively correlated with cyberbullying victimization. In turn, perceptions of school climate and safety predicted cyberbullying perpetration. Rurality was a factor uniquely related to perpetration. Specifically, students from non-rural schools reported higher levels of cyberbullying perpetration than did students from rural schools. Our results underscore the need for intervention and prevention programs to focus on all forms of bullying and parental monitoring of social media accounts.

Risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among adolescent in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

Adolescents represent 16% of the global population and they are identified as a critical demographic group for promoting sexual health. Adolescents are susceptible to engaging in risky sexual behaviors (RSB) such as early sexual initiation, having multiple sexual partners, substance use during sexual encounters and practicing unsafe sex. Adolescents represent 16% of the global population and they are identified as a critical demographic group for promoting sexual health. Adolescents are susceptible to engaging in risky sexual behaviors (RSB) such as early sexual initiation, having multiple sexual partners, substance use during sexual encounters and practicing unsafe sex. To assess risky Sexual behaviors and associated factors among adolescent in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gedeo Zone among adolescents. A total of 2780 (99.3%) adolescents were participated in the study and gave the response rate of 99.3%. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to gather the data and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. During analysis initially bivariable logistic regression model was used then, those variables with a level of significant at a P-value ≤ 0.25 were considered as candidate for multivariable logistic regression model. A level of significant at a P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in this study. Out of 428 sexually active adolescent 334 (78%) exposed to risky sexual practice. More than half 54.3% of adolescent was protestant in religion followed by Orthodox 34.2% and Muslim 11.5%. In terms of ethnicity, Gedeo 67.4% was the dominant ethnic group in the study area. Mean age at sexual initiation was 15 ± 1.8.Residence AOR 1.14 (1.36–5.25), Sex AOR 2.77 (1.31–5.86), Age AOR 2.01 (1.41–6.39), School attending AOR 1.93 (1.27–5.75), Watching Pornographies AOR 2.51 (1.36–4.62) and Parental monitoring AOR 2.10 (1.07–4.10) were independent predictor of risky sexual practice in this study. The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was found to be alarming among adolescents aged 14–19 years, mostly rural and female adolescents and those adolescent start sexual practice earlier exposed to risky sexual practice than their counter parts. Sexual urge, watching pornography and not attending school were the major factor for risky sexual behaviors of adolescent. Parental over all control can protect risky sexual behaviors among adolescent.

The Influence of Parental Psychological Control on Life Satisfaction of Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Relationship and the Regulatory Role of Sensation-Seeking

Based on self-determination theory and ecosystem theory, this study examines the mediating role of parent-child relationship between parental psychological control and middle school student life satisfaction, as well as the moderating effect of sensation seeking. The study uses a questionnaire survey method to predict the relationship between variables. The results indicate that: (1) Parental psychological control has a significant negative predictive effect on parent-child relationships and middle school student life satisfaction; (2) The parent-child relationship partially mediates the relationship between parental psychological control and middle school student life satisfaction; (3) The relationship between parental psychological control and life satisfaction in middle school students seeking trait regulation.

The Effect of Mothers’ Smartphone Addiction on Children’s Media Dependency: Sequentially Mediated by Mothers’ Work-Family Strains and Parental Monitoring

Smart devices have become an essential part of human life; however, excessive dependency on these devices has become a serious issue for both children and adults. In this study, a research model was developed which hypothesized that mothers’ smartphone addiction influences children’s media dependency, and that this effect is sequentially mediated by mothers’ work-family strains and parental monitoring. To test this hypothesis, an analysis of data from the 13th Wave of Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC), conducted in 2020, was performed. The data were collected from 726 children (359 boys, 367 girls) with an average age of 12.23 years (SD=.30). The analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 and Process MACRO Ver. 4.2. The results were as follows. Maternal smartphone addiction increased mothers’ work-family strains, which in turn lowered the level of parental monitoring, which was associated with an increase in children’s media dependency. Furthermore, mothers’ smartphone addiction had a partial mediation effect on children’s media dependency. In sum, this study revealed that the mothers’ smartphone addiction increased children’s media dependency, and this effect was sequentially mediated by an increase in mothers’ work-family strains and a decrease in parental monitoring. This study verifies that mothers’ smart device usage as well as their working environment has a significant effect on children’s media dependency. Therefore, to increase parental monitoring of children’s media usage, mothers’ work-family strains need to be reduced.

Empowering behaviors to address race with kids (EmBARK): A racial socialization program for white families

We evaluated the EmBARK (Empowering Behaviors to Address Race with Kids) program, which we developed to help White parents in the US address race and racial biases with their White 5- to 7-year-old children. Parents (N = 73) completed EmBARK or control condition activities matched for time commitment and engagement with their child. We achieved remarkable compliance with EmBARK, with 95% of parents completing every program component. Parents also liked EmBARK, found EmBARK useful, and successfully implemented EmBARK activities with their children. Parents praised EmBARK's structured guidance for having conversations about race with their children. Parents in the EmBARK condition (vs. control) expressed more concern about, and self-efficacy to address, children's racial biases. This study lays groundwork for assessing the long-term impact of EmBARK on reducing children's racial biases. The findings provide hope that when given resources and guidance, White parents could become active agents in addressing children's racial biases.

How is parental psychological control associated with adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas? The serial mediating role of psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use.

Adolescent mental health has been an issue of global concern, and the mental health of adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas may require additional research. The research delves into factors associated with economically disadvantaged areas' adolescent mental health, employing family systems theory, self-determination theory, and psychological reactance theory. Specifically, the present study which was done in Jingzhou country, an economically disadvantaged area of Hunan Province, China, aimed to examine the link between parental psychological control and adolescent mental health, as well as the mediating roles of psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use in this relationship. A sample of 1300 Chinese middle school students (620 girls, mean age = 14.22 ± 1.29) completed self-reported measures of parental psychological control, psychological reactance, problematic smartphone use, and adolescent mental health. Results showed that parental psychological control was negatively associated with adolescent mental health. Psychological reactance and problematic smartphone use mediated the association between parental psychological control and adolescent mental health, separately and serially. The findings of the present study enrich the literature on parenting styles and adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas, and this provides an intervention perspective to reduce the negative impact of poor parenting on adolescent mental health in economically disadvantaged areas.

The Factors Influence Intention to Use Parental Control Software Among Malaysian Parents: The UTAUT Model

Parental controls are a method of controlling who has access to smart devices because individuals may regulate who else in their family members, particularly younger ones, sees inappropriate websites. Indeed, parental control software provides the ability to select which applications are permitted on online devices, and it may also be used to see content loaded as well as the purpose of device usage among parents towards their child, particularly for educational purposes. In actuality, Malaysian parents have little desire to employ parental control software to monitor their children's gadget activities, particularly for educational purposes. Hence, the primary aim of this research is to ascertain the factors that impact the intention of Malaysian parents to utilize parental control software. The study employs four key variables: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating control. Employing a quantitative methodology, the investigation gathers 374 responses through a Google Form survey. The data is subsequently analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that both social influence and facilitating control significantly influence the intention to use parental control software. These findings hold the potential to inform government agencies and parental control software developers about the crucial role these two factors play in the development of effective parental control software solutions.

Parental Psychological Control and Children’s Curiosity and Academic Self-Concept

ABSTRACT Curiosity and academic self-concept are essential factors in the process of learning, and relationships with parents have been suggested to be a critical element in nurturing children’s curiosity and academic self-concept. The current study examined the contribution of parents’ psychological control (PPC) to their children’s curiosity (both interest- and deprivation-type) and academic self-concept in a sample of 159 Israeli triads of elementary school-age children, their mothers, and their fathers. The results revealed negative associations between parents’ dependency- and achievement-oriented psychological control and children’s curiosity and academic concept. Fathers reported higher levels of achievement-oriented PPC than did mothers, and mothers’ PPC negatively contributed to children’s perceived openness. Implications for the learning process, as well as suggestions for professionals working in the school system, are discussed.

(Dis)connected parenting: Context control and information management in single adoptive parents’ social media practice

Drawing on grounded theory research with parents who brought children into their lives in non-traditional ways, this article considers how three UK-based single adoptive parents navigate a complex set of risks, benefits and limitations as they construct mutually beneficial connections, friendships and support networks online. The discussion draws on media scholarship suggesting that, in response to contemporary norms of constant connection, digital availability and online context ‘collapse’, many internet users appropriate the affordances of online platforms and technologies to maintain personal boundaries and keep social groups apart. I argue that such tight context control can be particularly important for single adoptive parents, whose children are often vulnerable in multiple ways, who continue to face social stigma and misunderstanding, and for whom privacy can be vital to their families’ safety and wellbeing. The article pays particular attention to single adopters’ strategic deployment of three interconnected practices for managing and curating their networks and information sharing: compartmentalisation, selective sharing and disengagement. As well as pointing to similarities between participants’ practices, the article considers how the nuances of their individual circumstances shape and influence their ways of both connecting with, and disconnecting from, a range of individuals, groups and networks.

Do Acculturative Gap Conflicts Impact Parenting Practices and Youth E-Cigarette Use? Tests of Moderated Mediation

Background: Latino/a youth are at increased risk of electronic (e)-cigarette or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use; thus, identifying factors impacting initiation is critical. Parenting practices reflecting warmth (e.g., relationship quality) and control (e.g., parental monitoring) and substance use-specific parenting (e.g., reactions to use, parenting self-efficacy) may influence youth substance use. For Latino/a youth, tensions from intergenerational acculturative differences are linked to substance use. We investigated ENDS use-specific parenting as a mediator between general parenting and youth ENDS use, examining whether acculturative gap conflict moderated the association between general and ENDS use-specific parenting. We expected mediation among families experiencing low acculturative gap conflicts. Method: Data were analyzed over two waves from a predominantly White and Latino/a sample of caregiver-child dyads (N = 143) who identified with a culture in addition to or distinct from American. Youth (M age = 14.9 years, SD = 0.67; 62.9% female) reported relationship quality, parental monitoring, caregiver ENDS attitudes and reactions, acculturative gap conflicts, and ENDS use. Caregivers reported on ENDS use-specific parenting self-efficacy. Two moderated multiple mediator regression models (i.e., relationship quality, parental monitoring) were estimated. Results: Among youth reporting low and mean levels of acculturative gap conflict, ENDS use-specific parenting self-efficacy mediated the association between relationship quality and reduced ENDS use. There was no evidence for an interaction in the parental monitoring model. Conclusions: In families experiencing low levels of acculturative gap conflict, relationship quality may impact ENDS use through caregivers’ confidence in their ability to prevent child ENDS use.

A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for Huntingtin (UniProt ID: P42858) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence.

Huntingtin encodes a 3144 amino acid protein, with a polyglutamine repeat tract at the N-terminus. Expansion of this repeat tract above a pathogenic threshold of 36 repeats is the causative mutation of Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons. Here we have characterized twenty Huntingtin commercial antibodies for western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. These studies are part of a larger, collaborative initiative seeking to address antibody reproducibility issues by characterizing commercially available antibodies for human proteins and publishing the results openly as a resource for the scientific community. While use of antibodies and protocols vary between laboratories, we encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibodies for their specific needs.

Is My Child Safe Online? - On Requirements for Parental Control Tools in Apps used by Children

Is My Child Safe Online? - On Requirements for Parental Control Tools in Apps used by Children

Parental autonomy support and psychological control and children's biobehavioral functioning: Historical cohort differences in urban China.

This study examined parental autonomy support and psychological control and their relations with child biobehavioral functioning. Participants included 238 Chinese parent-child dyads (Mage-child = 8.38 years, 42.0% girls) in two cohorts (2013 and 2021). Parents in the 2021 cohort displayed higher levels of autonomy support and psychological control during the parent-child interaction than in the 2013 cohort. Parental psychological control was positively associated with emotion regulation and negatively associated with externalizing problems in the 2013 cohort, but not in the 2021 cohort. Parental psychological control was also negatively associated with vagal suppression in the 2021 cohort, but not in the 2013 cohort. The result suggests that sociocultural contexts may shape the display of parental behaviors and their significance for child development.

Raising a child with cancer: Impact on parents' health-related quality of life.

Having a child with a serious illness like cancer has a detrimental and negative impact on the parents' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Many factors have been identified as being associated with poorer HRQOL. Acquiring knowledge about these factors is essential to enhancing the quality of life (QOL) of children as well as their parents. This study aims to analyze HRQOL in parents of children with cancer and to explore relationships between parent and child variables and parental quality of life. A total of 80 parents of children with cancer were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate the parental HRQOL, the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was used. Child age and time since diagnosis showed a positive correlation with all domains of HRQOL on Spearman's correlation. A statistically significant difference in SF-36 scores across four cancer groups was seen on the Kruskal-Wallis test. Mothers showed poorer quality of life in the physical role functioning domain as compared to fathers (U = 248, P < 0.01). The present study shows poor HRQOL for parents of children with cancer, despite learning to cope and adjust over time. Parents of children with retinoblastoma demonstrate a poorer QOL as compared to other cancer groups. The study suggests close monitoring of parents' QOL and the provision of appropriate treatment and psychosocial support for parents along with the treatment of children.