Parental Knowledge Research Articles

From recognition to cause: analyzing parental knowledge of children’s short stature, preliminary study

Short stature (SS) is a condition where children's growth rates are below the 2.5th percentile for their age and gender. Early intervention is vital due to its association with reduced quality of life and mortality. This study examines the understanding of Qassimi parents regarding their child’s SS. We surveyed 384 Qassimi parents, including those with growing children and those without children willing to participate. Knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 8, with scores over 4 indicating good knowledge. Most of the study participants were Saudis, females, or holding a university degree. The mean score was 4.44 and almost 47% of respondents demonstrated good knowledge. All the study participants were aware of at least one cause of short stature. Of more than 20 causes of short stature, only 24.3% of the study participants could correctly identify 4 or more causes. Multivariable regression revealed that higher knowledge scores were significantly noted among participants younger than 40 years (p-value: < 0.001), students (p-value: < 0.001), unmarried (p-value: 0.001), and/or having no children (p-values: 0.001). Among respondents with children, individuals with children younger than 12 years had significantly better knowledge (p-value: 0.003). In contrast, knowledge was seemingly independent of gender, level of education, nationality, or family history (p-values: > 0.05). Although the knowledge status is overall moderate, it’s recommended to further start public health initiatives and educational programs, while paying special attention to population groups associated with lower knowledge level.

Parental norms and attitudes in Relation to Children’s sugar consumption − A mediation analysis of the “Are You Too Sweet?” intervention study

Parental influence on children’s dietary behaviour makes parents an obvious target for prevention strategies with nutritional foci. Mediation analysis is considered a valuable tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms of influence in intervention studies aimed at implementing behaviour change strategies.The present study used data from the multi-component cluster-randomised intervention “Are You Too Sweet?” with 153 Danish children (5–7 years) to explore mediating effects and role of parental determinants on added sugar intake in children.A pre-and post-intervention questionnaire evaluated parental knowledge, practices, self-efficacy, norms, and attitudes. Children’s dietary intake was estimated from a seven-day dietary record. Associations between children’s added sugar intake and parental responses and changes in responses following the intervention were evaluated using linear mixed models. Exploring potential behaviour change pathways of the intervention was done using mediation analyses.Children’s reduction in added sugar consumption was partly mediated by changes in parental norms and attitudes regarding limiting sugar-rich foods and drinks to special occasions. Parental knowledge of guidelines on the intake of sugar-rich discretionary foods and drinks increased as an intervention effect but did not demonstrate a mediating effect. No significant changes or mediating effects were found in parental self-efficacy or practices.The findings highlight parental norms and attitudes regarding restricting sugar-rich foods and drinks to special occasions as modifiable and a mediator for reducing added sugar intake in the “Are You Too Sweet?” intervention study.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered at ISRCTN: ISRCTN10409779.

Links between parental monitoring and parent-adolescent conflict: A multimodal test of bidirectional relations.

During adolescence, youth increase in both independence and conflict with parents. Parents vary in how much they know about their adolescents' whereabouts and activities and how they acquire this information (i.e., the sources of what parents know). We probed how parental knowledge of adolescents' whereabouts and activities-and their information sources-relates to (a) domains of parent-adolescent conflict (fighting about, or having different beliefs about, daily life topics) and (b) parent and adolescent attachment-related behavior during a conflict discussion task. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, we tested links between parental knowledge and its sources and conflict processes. Eighty-seven adolescents (Mage = 15.18; 55% female) and parents completed surveys about parental knowledge and its sources (i.e., parental solicitation of adolescents' activities, adolescent disclosure to parents about their activities) and separate interviews on conflict domains. A subset of parent-adolescent dyads (n = 65) interacted for 5 min about an adolescent-identified conflict topic. Different beliefs about daily life topics related to parental knowledge: parents' reports of greater different beliefs about daily life topics predicted less knowledge of adolescents' activities/whereabouts, solicitation, and disclosure, for both parent and adolescent reports of these domains. For adolescents, greater different beliefs related to less solicitation and disclosure. Only adolescent reports of parental knowledge, solicitation, and disclosure predicted attachment-related behaviors both dyad members displayed during the conflict discussion task. Findings reveal links between parental knowledge of adolescents' activities and conflict processes and demonstrate dyadic interdependence between parental knowledge of adolescents' activities and conflict processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Parental awareness and knowledge toward their children#39;s halitosis due to intra-oral causes attending major children#39;s hospital

Parental awareness and knowledge toward their children#39;s halitosis due to intra-oral causes attending major children#39;s hospital

Influence of parents knowledge and attitudes on health

Influence of parents knowledge and attitudes on health

ANALYSIS BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PARENTS REGARDING PROVIDING DOUBLE IMMUNIZATION AT THE MINASA UPA COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Immunization is the act of providing immunity against a disease by introducing specific substances into the body. The completeness of immunization can be influenced by several factors such as knowledge, attitudes, number of children, health worker attitudes, family support, distance from home, education, socio-cultural factors, and community trust. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental knowledge and attitudes toward administering double immunization in infants conducted at the Minasa Upa Community Health Center. The research method used was quantitative research with an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach and a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 85 samples. The study results found that most respondents had good levels of knowledge, with 46 respondents or 54.1%, and exhibited positive attitudes, with 43 respondents or 50.6%. The highest number of respondents who administered double immunization to infants were found to have good knowledge, accounting for 67.4%, with a P-value of 0.003. Meanwhile, the number of respondents who administered double immunization and had positive attitudes was 69.8%, with a P-value of 0.001. Based on this research, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between parental knowledge and attitudes towards the administration of double immunization in infants.

Parental knowledge and attitudes toward food allergies: a cross-sectional study on determinants and educational needs

BackgroundFood allergy (FA) may often lead to fatal consequences if it is treated promptly. Parents of children with FA should have adequate knowledge to improve health outcomes and reduce the associated burden. This study aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes regarding FA among parents of children with FA.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among parents attending a primary healthcare center using convenience sampling. The minimum sample size of 280 was calculated using an equation based on the local prevalence of FA among children, and was increased to account for missing data. The data were collected using a four-section questionnaire that collected data about the parents and their children and included questions about knowledge and attitudes regarding FA. The knowledge score was calculated by summing the number of correct answers, with a maximum of 15 points. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine the associations between the knowledge score and other variables. Spearman’s correlation was employed to test the correlations between the knowledge score and other variables.ResultsA total of 381 parents completed the questionnaires, of whom 71.9% were mothers and 28.1% were fathers. The prevalence of food allergies was 14.22%. Almost one-third had children who had one or more types of FA (32.8%). Most of those patients had received a professional diagnosis of FA (75.3%). The median knowledge score was 7.0 (IQR = 6–8), with variable proportions of correct answers across and within topics. A higher knowledge score was significantly associated with parenting a child with FA (p = 0.006), comorbid asthma or eczema (p = 0.012), the preference to acquire information from professional health agencies (p < 0.001), and higher educational (p = 0.002) and income (p = 0.001) levels. Moreover, the number of discussions held with a healthcare professional regarding FA was significantly correlated with the knowledge score (r = 0.210, p = 0.019). Online resources were the most commonly reported source of information (65.4%). Parents believed that having a child with FA can cause stress in the family (76.1%) and impact siblings’ daily lives (66.7%), while only a minority viewed FA as stigmatizing. Additionally, the majority encouraged governmental spending on FA research (92.9%).ConclusionsParenting a child with FA, comorbid asthma or eczema, number of discussions held with healthcare professionals, and education and income levels were significantly associated with a higher knowledge score. Educational interventions targeting parents should blend emotional regulation, medical information, and management skills to increase knowledge about FA and alleviate associated stress.

Parental Asthma-Related Knowledge and Asthma Control in their Children in Accra, Ghana

Parental Asthma-Related Knowledge and Asthma Control in their Children in Accra, Ghana

Factors affecting the level of parental knowledge about their children's congenital heart diseases and their care.

To assess parental knowledge about their children's congenital heart disease using a newly-designed scale. The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2020 to May 2021, at Alkhansaa maternity and child hospital, Mosul Iraq; after approval from the ethics review committee of Ninevah Medical College, Ninevah University, Iraq, and comprised parents with children having congenital heart disease. Data, including age, gender, type of congenital heart disease as well as parents' educational and socioeconomic levels, residence, internet use and knowledge of the disease with respect to type, burden, bacterial endocarditis, outcome, etc. was noted. Parental knowledge levels were measured using a self-designed scoring scale, having a total score of 18 and 4 categories; <6 = some knowledge, 7-12 = good knowledge, 13-17 = very good knowledge, and 18 = full knowledge. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. There were 364 children with mean age 83.72±47.4 months and a male-female ratio of 0.98. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.1±8.32 months. The overall mean parental knowledge level was 8.41± 3.88, with 126(34.6%) parents having some knowledge, 178(48.9%) having good, 58(16%) having very good, and 2(0.5%) having full knowledge about their children's health condition (p<0.001) There was a significant association of parental knowledge with educational level, socioeconomic status and the type of doctor caring for the child (p<0.05). The duration of the illness showed a significant correlation with knowledge level (p=0.021). Heart Defects, Congenital, Endocarditis, Bacterial, Social Class.

Parental perceptions and knowledge toward Asthma Action Plans

Introduction Personalized Asthma Action Plans (AAPs) are a cornerstone of pediatric asthma management. We aimed to assess parental knowledge and perceptions of the use of AAPs in managing their child’s asthma. Methods In 2023 we conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess knowledge and perceptions of AAPs in parents/caregivers of children aged 0–17 years with asthma who had an AAP and attended respiratory clinics at Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick. The questionnaire included parental perceptions on the utility of AAPs, parental asthma management self-efficacy (PAMSE), and an adapted version of the Asthma Action Plan Knowledge Interview tool (AAPKI). Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to assess associations between AAPKI, PAMSE and other outcomes. Results Seventy-one parents completed the survey. Mean PAMSE score was 4.2/5 (SD 0.5). Median AAPKI score was 70.2% out of 100% (IQR 20.4%). Most parents (80.0%, n = 56) were satisfied/very satisfied with using AAPs to manage their child’s asthma. Most agreed/strongly agreed that AAPs were helpful in knowing when to seek medical attention for their child’s asthma (81.7%, n = 58), helped their understanding of asthma severity (81.7%, n = 58), and increased their confidence in asthma management (76.0%, n = 54). Over half of parents (55.7%, n = 39) would prefer AAPs digitally and majority (78.6%, n = 55) would like color-coded AAPs. Conclusion High levels of AAP knowledge and self-efficacy scores were demonstrated. Most parents expressed understanding of the benefits of AAPs. Our findings suggest parents of children with asthma prefer AAPs in color and in digital version which may help guide standardization of AAPs across Australia.

Studi Fenomenologi: Pengalaman Ibu dengan Anak Tunagrahita di Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Tompokersan, Lumajang

Intellectual disability (tunagrahita) is a condition that poses significant challenges when experienced by children, characterized by intellectual impairment with an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) below the average. Children with intellectual disabilities face difficulties in self-care, communication, and adapting to their environment. This study aims to explore the experiences of mothers raising children with intellectual disabilities at SLBN Tompokersan, Lumajang. The study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to gain an in-depth understanding of lived experiences from the perspective of the participants, involving five respondents. The findings revealed five main themes: parenting methods for children with intellectual disabilities, the emotional experiences of mothers, changes in parental (mother's) mindset after having a child with intellectual disabilities, lack of parental knowledge in caregiving, and the level of children's dependence on their mothers or others. A key takeaway from this study is that the different experiences of mothers in raising children with intellectual disabilities significantly influence their parenting styles.

Parents' Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children Aged From 6 Months to Under 5 Years With COVID-19 Vaccines.

Despite strides in vaccinating priority groups against COVID-19, children under 5 years in Vietnam are still under-immunized, emphasizing a significant gap in prioritization. This study aimed to assess parental willingness to vaccinate children aged 6 months to under 5 years against COVID-19 in Vietnam and identify influential factors affecting this willingness. Data were collected via a survey of 5960 parents/guardians between May and June 2022. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the impact of various factors on parents' willingness to vaccinate their children, alongside investigating reasons for reluctance or refusal and preferences for vaccine origins. Approximately 50.5%, 30.2%, and 19.3% of parents were willing, hesitant, and unwilling to vaccinate their children, respectively. Primary reasons for reluctance included concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy, and the severity of the pandemic. The most preferred vaccines originated in the United States. Factors significantly influencing willingness included parents' age, knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccines, residency, education, perception of information sufficiency, children's comorbidities, and family members' vaccination status. Promoting child vaccination habits can boost COVID-19 immunization rates. Targeting hesitancy among parents of children with comorbidities is crucial. Enhancing parental knowledge and leveraging fully vaccinated family members are effective strategies.

Analysis of Factors Associated with the Incidence of Injury in Children Under Five Years in Cakung East Jakarta

Children of toddler age (pre-school) very often experience injuries, both minor and major. Therefore, the role of parents is important in monitoring, protecting, and providing knowledge to children about what to do and what not to do. The study aims to determine the relationship between attitude, level of knowledge, and behavior with the incidence of injury in children under five years of age in Cakung, East Jakarta. This research plan uses an analytical descriptive design with a Cross-Sectional approach. The sample in this study was 134 people, and the sampling method was non-probability sampling. In collecting data, a questionnaire sheet for parents regarding attitudes, knowledge levels, and behavior was used. The results showed that the injury cases of children under five years of age were choking (47.0%), which was dominated by boys (52.2%). Then, parents with parental attitudes were dominated by moderate attitudes (48.5%), the level of parental knowledge was less (38.1%), and parental knowledge was less (41.8%). Analysis showed a significant relationship between parental attitude (p=0.028), knowledge level (p=0.004), and behavior (p=0.017) in Cakung, East Jakarta. Therefore, it is necessary to increase parents' knowledge and awareness of the need for parental supervision in order to prevent injuries to children.

Perceptions of emergency drills: a consensual qualitative research study with mothers of children with Down syndrome

This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers of children with Down syndrome with emergency drills in the school setting. Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR), an inductive method, was utilized to explore interviewees’ descriptions of experiences. The method was chosen as it works well with rich and robust interview data often obtained through open-ended questions with a small number of participants about their innermost feelings. It is the first study following this methodology with parents of children with Down syndrome. Through following the CQR protocol, three major domains (Parent Perceptions, Child Experiences, School) were identified, as well as eight subthemes of parental awareness, parental concerns, parental knowledge, child overwhelmed, child unaware, child sensory, school communication, and school preparation. The themes identified within this study are directly related with critical constructs of social learning, as children must have preparation, awareness, and communication to promote optimal emergency preparation within social contexts. This innovative study identified that there is a need for greater communication between schools and parents to protect children with Down syndrome in case of an emergency.

“We are an active family”: a randomized trial protocol to evaluate a family-system social identity intervention to promote child physical activity

BackgroundRegular engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during childhood yields a myriad of health benefits, and contributes to sustained MVPA behaviors into adulthood. Given the influence of parents on shaping their child’s MVPA behaviour, the family system represents a viable target for intervention. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of two intervention conditions designed to increase child MVPA: (1) A standard education + planning intervention providing information about benefits, action planning, and coping planning; and (2) An augmented physical activity education + planning intervention that includes the components of the standard intervention, as well as a focus on family identity promotion and developing as an active member of the family.MethodsA two-arm parallel single-blinded randomized trial will compare the two conditions over 6 months. Eligible families have at least one child aged 6–12 years who is not meeting the physical activity recommendations within the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (i.e.,<60 min/day of MVPA). Intervention materials targeting family identity promotion will be delivered online via zoom following baseline assessment, with booster sessions at 6-weeks and 3-months. Child MVPA will be measured by wGT3X-BT Actigraph accelerometry at baseline, 6-weeks, 3-months, and 6-months as the primary outcome. At these same time points, parent cognition (e.g., attitudes, perceived control, behavioral regulation, habit, identity) and support behaviours, and parent-child co-activity will be assessed via questionnaire as secondary outcomes. Child-health fitness measures will be also administered through fitness testing at baseline and 6-months as secondary outcomes. Finally, upon completion of the trial’s 6-month measures, a follow-up end-of-trial interview will be conducted with parents to examine parents’ experiences with the intervention.ResultsSo far, 30 families have been enrolled from the Southern Vancouver Island and Vancouver Lower Mainland area. Recruitment will be continuing through 2026 with a target of 148 families.DiscussionThis study will contribute to the understanding of effective strategies to increase child physical activity by comparing two intervention approaches. Both provide parents with education on physical activity benefits, action planning, and coping planning supports. However, one intervention also incorporates components focused on promoting an active family identity and involving all family members in physical activity together. The findings from this study have the potential to inform the design and implementation of public health initiatives aimed at improving physical activity participation in children and guide the development of more effective interventions that leverage the crucial role of parents and the family system in shaping children’s physical activity behaviors.Trial RegistrationThe clinical trial registration ID is NCT05794789. This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov on March 2nd, 2023, with the last updated release on September 28th, 2023.

Children's and parents' attitudes to and knowledge about HPV vaccination following a targeted information intervention.

The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish children's and parents' attitudes and knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination a year after gender-neutral HPV vaccination was introduced in Sweden's national immunization program (NIP). Additional information about HPV and vaccine was provided in the extended immunazation program. In total, 276 parents and 206 children from 22 School Health Services responded to a web-based survey. Results showed that half of the children and about a third of the parents received additional Public Health Agency information about HPV vaccination, and a majority were satisfied. Parents considered HPV vaccination being important for their children's health, and both children and parents considered it important to vaccinate all genders against HPV. Both children and parents rated school nurses as most reliable source of HPV vaccination information. Teachers were also a common source of HPV and HPV vaccination information for children. Further research among teachers in Sweden is needed to explore their knowledge and abilities to inform students and parents about HPV and vaccination.

Improving contraceptive care for minors in Israel: practice, policy, and training gaps among OBGYNs

BackgroundSexually active adolescents sometimes seek contraceptives without parental consent, posing challenges due to minors' confidentiality and consent regulations. This is especially the case under the un-nuanced Israeli legal scheme regarding adolescents' care.MethodsIsraeli OBGYNs were contacted through mailing lists and social media groups and asked to fill an online questionnaire regarding their experience and protocols concerning prescription of contraceptives to minors. They were also asked about their comprehension of the relevant legal obligations, the importance they ascribe to different ethical interests and considerations, as well as their training.ResultsOf the 177 responding gynecologists, 132 (74.58%) consulted minors about contraceptives during the past year, regardless of a vast lack of training on providing care to minors. More than a third of respondents believed that there is no legal requirement to involve parents in the process, and only 8% assumed a legal obligation for parental involvement in all minors under the age of 18. Three quarters would "almost always" prescribe contraceptives without parental knowledge, if requested, while 20% never would. No correlation was found between respondents' practices and their perception of the relevant legal obligations. Participants agreed that the risk to the health of the minor as a result of having sex without contraceptives is of utmost importance. Yet, those willing to prescribe gave greater weight to this consideration, while those who do not prescribe were more concerned with the legal ramifications of such an act. The majority identified the age of 15 as the threshold for consistently prescribing contraceptives to minors without parental involvement.ConclusionThis study highlights the significant gaps in both the legal framework and the training of Israeli OBGYNs, and further supports confidential prescription of contraceptives to minors 15 years and older, via Article 6 of the Israeli Legal Competence and Guardianship Law. Legislative reform, professional guidelines and education and training programs are all needed to ensure consistent and legally sound practices, that safeguard the health and rights of minors. It is imperative to guide healthcare providers, including OBGYNs prescribing contraceptives to minors, on managing the care of minors refusing parental involvement, clarifying the legal framework and ethical considerations involved.

Little grinder, big concern - a questionnaire survey

Background: Bruxism in paediatric dentistry refers to the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth in children. This condition can manifest during the day or night and may have various underlying causes. Bruxism has multifactorial etiology including disturbed sleep cycle and excessive gadget use in children. Present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of parents about bruxism in children who visited the department. Bruxism is a common concern in paediatric dentistry, presenting challenges for dental professionals and parents alike in managing and addressing its effects on a child's oral health. Methods: The study was conducted among the parents visiting the Department with their children for the treatment. A self-administered questionnaire about knowledge and awareness regarding bruxism habit, sleep cycle, and gadget use in children was made. It was shared with parents using E-methods. Data was collected and statistical analysis was done. Results: In this study, parents stated that 74.1% of children grind their teeth, and 63% of children did so while using the device. Children most frequently utilized mobile devices (51.9%), then TV (13%), electronic toys and video games (11.10%), laptops/PCs and tablets (6.50%). Before falling asleep, 81.50% of the kids used their gadgets, and after using them, 60.20% of the kids reported having trouble sleeping. Conclusions: According to this study, children who clench their teeth have disrupted sleep, and clenching of teeth is more common in children who experience stress as a result of prolonged use of gadgets. Thus, a significant relationship was seen between children's use of gadgets, sleep disruption, and bruxism.

Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Early Childhood Caries in Bihor, Romania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant global health issue, particularly affecting deciduous teeth in young children. ECC is prevalent in Romania, where nearly half of children experience dental caries. This study aimed to assess the influence of gender, age, and living environment on parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding ECC in Bihor County, Romania, using a KAP-type questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2024, utilizing an online KAP questionnaire distributed via social networks. The sample comprised 419 parents of children under six years old. Respondents provided socio-demographic data and answered questions regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning ECC prevention, treatment, and oral health. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square tests to assess associations between demographic factors and parental KAP. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 419 respondents, 83.1% were female, and 62.5% were between the ages of 31 and 40. Significant gender-based differences were found in knowledge about pain from caries (93.7% of female participants vs. 81.7% of male participants, p = 0.004) and the importance of brushing twice daily (93.7% of female respondents vs. 80.3% of male respondents, p = 0.010). Younger parents (aged 18-30) were more likely to affirm the effectiveness of fluoride (65.4%) compared to those aged 31-40 (53.1%, p = 0.02). Urban parents were more likely to correctly identify the timing of tooth eruption (59.1% vs. 52.6% of rural parents, p = 0.021). The study highlights gender, age, and urban-rural disparities in parental knowledge and attitudes towards ECC. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions to improve oral health outcomes and reduce ECC prevalence in the Bihor region. Tailored public health strategies addressing demographic factors could enhance preventive oral health behaviors and reduce the healthcare burden associated with untreated dental caries.

Family Attachment and Delinquency Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Adolescent Self-Disclosure and Parental Knowledge

Family Attachment and Delinquency Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Adolescent Self-Disclosure and Parental Knowledge