Parent-adolescent Communication Research Articles

Adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and associated factors among high school students in Woldia town, Northeastern Ethiopia.

IntroductionSexual and reproductive health (SRH) communication is most likely to promote healthy sexual practices and to reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescents. Communication is the principal means for parents to transmit sexual values and knowledge to their children. This study aimed to assess adolescent-parent communication on SRH issues among high school students in Woldia town.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15-31, 2016. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 693 students from Grades 9 and 10. Data were entered into Epi-info version 3.5.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression with Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) was used to identify the independent predictors of adolescent-parent communication.Results674 students accepted to participate in this study giving a response rate of 97.3%. Only 205(30.4%) had discussed on two or more SRH topics with their parents. In logistic regression analyses, mothers who could read and write [AOR=2.0; 95% CI=1.3-3.1] and had diploma certificate [AOR=2.0; 95% CI=1.4-2.9] were more likely to discuss on SRH issues with their children. Adolescents who agreed on the importance of discussion on SRH issues [AOR=2.5; 95% CI=1.3-4.5], whoever got SRH information [AOR=2.0; 95% CI=1.4-2.9] and those whoever had sexual intercourse [AOR=1.7; 95% CI=1.1-2.6] were more likely to discuss on different SRH issues with their parents.ConclusionThis study revealed that parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues was inadequate. Therefore, there is a need to equip and educate parents on different adolescents' SRH issues.

Internet-Based Universal Prevention for Students and Parents to Prevent Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among Adolescents: Protocol for the Randomized Controlled Trial of Climate Schools Plus

BackgroundEarly initiation of alcohol and cannabis use markedly increases the risk of harms associated with use, including the development of substance use and mental health disorders. To interrupt this trajectory, effective prevention during the adolescent period is critical. Despite evidence showing that parents can play a critical role in delaying substance use initiation, the majority of prevention programs focus on adolescents only. Accordingly, the Climate Schools Plus (CSP) program was developed to address this gap.ObjectiveThis paper outlines the protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the CSP program, a novel internet-based program for parents and students to prevent adolescent substance use and related harms. The CSP program builds on the success of the Climate Schools student programs, with the addition of a newly developed parenting component, which allows parents to access the internet-based content to equip them with knowledge and skills to help prevent substance use in their adolescents.MethodsA cluster RCT is being conducted with year 8 students (aged 12-14 years) and their parents from 12 Australian secondary schools between 2018 and 2020. Using blocked randomization, schools are assigned to one of the two groups to receive either the CSP program (intervention) or health education as usual (control). The primary outcomes of the trial will be any student alcohol use (≥1 standard alcoholic drink/s) and any student drinking to excess (≥5 standard alcoholic drinks). Secondary outcomes will include alcohol- and cannabis-related knowledge, alcohol use-related harms, frequency of alcohol consumption, frequency of drinking to excess, student cannabis use, parents’ self-efficacy to stop their children using alcohol, parental supply of alcohol, and parent-adolescent communication. All students and their parents will complete assessments on three occasions—baseline and 12 and 24 months postbaseline. In addition, students and parents in the intervention group will be asked to complete program evaluations on two occasions—immediately following the year 8 program and immediately following the year 9 program.ResultsAnalyses will be conducted using multilevel, mixed-effects models within an intention-to-treat framework. It is expected that students in the intervention group will have less uptake and excessive use of alcohol compared with the students in the control group.ConclusionsThis study will provide the first evaluation of a combined internet-based program for students and their parents to prevent alcohol and cannabis use.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000153213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374178 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/71E0prqfQ)Registered Report IdentifierRR1-10.2196/10849

Adolescent Psychological Functioning and Membership in Latent Adolescent-Parent Communication Dual Trajectory Classes.

The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship between adolescents' psychological functioning (as indicated by depressive symptoms) and substance use (alcohol and drug use) and membership in adolescent-parent communication trajectory subgroups in a large, diverse community sample of adolescents from the United States (n=1,057; 53% female; 51% Caucasian; Age: M=16.15, SD=.75). Adolescents completed questionnaires at three annual assessments. Fit indices from parallel process growth mixture models suggested three dual trajectory classes: (1) Average communication with both parents (Average-Both); (2) Good adolescent-mother and poor adolescent-father communication (Good-Mom/Poor-Dad); and (3) Poor adolescent-mother and good adolescent-father communication (Poor-Mom/Good-Dad). The trajectory classes differed by gender. In addition, psychological functioning and substance use were differentially related to the trajectory classes.

Trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: The influence of parents, peers, and siblings.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether social relationship factors are associated with trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence into emerging adulthood. Specifically, adolescent-parent communication with mothers and fathers, peer support, and sibling warmth and hostility were examined in relation to depressive symptoms for girls and boys. Adolescents (N = 372; Mage = 16.09; SD = .69; 55% female) from the Mid-Atlantic United States completed surveys in the spring of 2007, 2008, and 2009 and again in the fall of 2014 when they were emerging adults. Growth curve modeling results suggested that communication with mothers and fathers and peer support predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms in adolescence for girls. For boys, peer support predicted lower whereas sibling hostility predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Further, adolescent-mother communication for girls and adolescent-father communication for boys predicted the decline in depressive symptoms into emerging adulthood. Both sibling warmth and hostility for girls, whereas only sibling hostility for boys, predicted less steep declines in depressive symptoms over time. Findings draw attention to differences in experiences with depressive symptoms by sex and the importance of social relationship factors in the lives of adolescents and emerging adults. Implications for intervention and prevention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Adolescent–Parent Communication Among Youth Who Have and Have Not Experienced Dating Violence

The current study examines the impact of adolescent–parent communication, which can play a significant role in alleviating risk behaviors, especially adolescent dating violence (ADV). Adolescents (N = 55; 28 males and 27 females), majority of whom were Latinos, were recruited from social service agencies serving youth and families. Adolescents completed a paper survey on the Parent–Adolescent Communication (comprised of open and problematic subscales) and Revised Conflict Tactics scales. T-tests and ANOVAs were conducted revealing that youth with ADV experience reported lower overall communication levels with their parents and increased problematic communication, especially with their mothers than adolescents with no ADV experience. No significant difference emerged by age or gender but Latino youth who experience ADV had lower levels of problematic communication with both parents. Teens, whose mothers were receiving domestic violence-related services, versus who were not receiving services, reported more overall communication with their mothers. Implications for educators, practitioners, and research are provided.

Factors Influencing Adolescents’ Self-control According to Family Structure

We compared factors influencing adolescents’ self-control according to their family structure. Participants were 944 adolescents in five cities in South Korea (115 from single-parent families, 65 from grandparent-led families, and 764 from two-parent families). Data were collected using self-report questionnaires containing items on self-control, stress, parenting attitude, parent–adolescent communication, and family cohesion. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regressions with SPSS program. The factors influencing adolescents’ self-control differed across the three family structure groups. For single-parent families, stress and parental attitudes were significantly related to adolescents’ self-control (adjusted R2 = 0.37, p < 0.001). In contrast, for grandparent-led families, family cohesion and parental attitude were significantly related to adolescents’ self-control (adjusted R2 = 0.31, p < 0.01), while for two-parent families, stress, parental attitude, and parent–adolescent communication were related to the outcome (adjusted R2 = 0.24, p < 0.001). Parental attitude was thus a common factor relating to self-control, regardless of family structure. On the other hand, the main factors influencing adolescents with low self-control were gender and stress. Our results confirm that adolescents’ self-control is not only affected by personal factors but also by parental and family factors. It is important to improve individual program to improve adolescents’ self-control according to family structure. The results of study may act as a base for improving individual intervention programs aimed at promoting adolescents’ self-control by factoring in family structure.

Level of Parent Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors among Debre Markos Preparatory School Students, in Debre Markos Town, East Gojjam, Zone, Ethiopia

Background: World Health Organization defines adolescents as those in the age group of 10-19. While parent-adolescent sexual and reproductive health communication is one potential source of sexual and reproductive health information for adolescents. But, it appears to be inadequately practiced in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess level of parent adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and associated factors among Debre Markos preparatory school students in Debre Markos Town, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among preparatory school students from 22 sections in Debre Markos Town from December 15/2016-March to 15/2017. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 394 participants from 1653 total students. Self-administered questionnaire was employed. Results: A total of 394 students were participated in our study from Debre Markos preparatory school. Of these, 232 (58.9%) were males and 162 (41.1%) were females. The study showed that communication between adolescence and parent was 114 (28.9%), from this majority of students preferred to discuss with their mothers (42.1%) than others. Knowledge about reproductive health issues [AOR= 4.106 95% CI: 2.328, 7.243)] and knowledge about contraceptive [AOR=2.119 95% CI: (1.107, 4.054)] had significant association .Conclusion: This study revealed that parent adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues is inadequate. Therefore, there is a need to equip and educate parents and students on different sexual and reproductive health issues to prevent adolescences from risk sexual behaviors.

Validación de la Escala de Comunicación Padres-Adolescente en jóvenes universitarios de Lima

El objetivo fue presentar evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Comunicación Padres-Adolescente de Barnes y Olson (1982) en universitarios de Lima de 16 a 25 años. Participaron 255 estudiantes (162 mujeres) de dos universidades de Lima. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con el objetivo de evaluar la viabilidad de las estructuras bifactorial y trifactorial de la escala. El análisis factorial exploratorio apoyó la estructura de los dos factores inicialmente propuestos para esta escala (apertura de comunicación y problemas de comunicación). Tanto en la versión de comunicación con el padre como en la de comunicación con la madre se obtuvieron altos valores de alfa de Cronbach (entre .80 y .90). El modelo estructural construido presentó también adecuados índices de ajuste. Con ello se confirma la confiabilidad y la validez de este instrumento en la muestra investigada.

Parent–Adolescent Communication and Problematic Internet Use: The Mediating Role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)

With the growing attention paid to the role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as a mediator, linking deficits in psychological needs to Problematic Internet Use (PIU), this study explored the role of FoMO in partially explaining the connection between parent–child communication and the child’s PIU. Data were gathered from 270 participants of whom 45.6% 13- to 15-year-old youth (middle school students), and 54.5% 15.5- to 18-year-old adolescents (high school students). Path analysis results have corroborated the main research hypothesis, according to which positive communication activities of parents, such as listening to their children, trying to understand how they feel and what they think, and creating a positive and supportive atmosphere for discussions, can reduce FoMO experiences among adolescents, which in turn might decrease their PIU. Limitations, conclusions, and directions for further research are discussed.

The development of parental monitoring during adolescence: A meta-analysis

As adolescents grow up, one of the important developmental tasks is to individuate themselves and to become more autonomous from parents. This requires a realignment of the parent-adolescent communication. The current meta-analytic study aims at identifying developmental changes in parent-adolescent communication, conceptualized within the parental monitoring framework, as entailing parental solicitation, control and knowledge, and adolescent’s disclosure and secrecy. Thirty-one longitudinal studies published between 2000 and 2015 were identified and included in the current meta-analysis. Informants, age at assessment and study duration were tested as moderators. Results showed a low to medium normative decline in parental control (Cohen’s d = −.395, 95% CI [−.541, −.249]), knowledge (d = −.245,95% CI [−.331, −.160] and adolescence disclosure (d = −.147, 95% CI [−.204, −.090]), and an increase in adolescent’s secrecy (d = .194, CI [031, .356]). Parental solicitation decreased based on parents’ (d = −.242, 95% CI[−.376, −.109]) but not on adolescents’ reports (d = .038, 95% CI[−.099, .175]). Another significant moderator was the duration of the study, with studies longer than 2 years being able to detect a more pronounced change in parental control than studies lasting less than 2 years (≤2 years, d = −.139 vs. duration > 2 years, d = −.581). Limitations of the current knowledge and new directions of studies are discussed.

Frequency of Parent-Adolescent Alcohol-Specific Communication and Adolescent Perceptions of Alcohol.

To better understand the optimal frequency of parent-adolescent alcohol-specific communication, we conducted a secondary analysis of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse Culture of High School Survey, a 2010 nationally representative online survey of 1000 high school students. Logistic regression models assessed the relationship between alcohol-specific communication and adolescent perceptions ( binge drinking is very dangerous, drinking is cool, and getting drunk is very dangerous), adjusting for grade, sex, race, personal and peer alcohol use, and parental monitoring. Among adolescents reporting personal and peer alcohol use, a dose-response relationship existed between frequency of alcohol-specific communication and thinking binge drinking is very dangerous (often [adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.98-21.36], sometimes (AOR = 6.08; 95% CI = 2.36-15.69), rarely (AOR = 5.27; 95% CI = 1.95-14.26) vs never), and was also associated with decreased perceptions that drinking is cool (often [AOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.08-0.66), rarely vs never [AOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.06-0.51]); the inverse was true for never-drinkers without peer use.

Parent-Adolescent Communication about Sexual and Reproductive Health and Associated Factors among Preparatory School Students in Haiyk Town, North East Ethiopia

Parent-Adolescent Communication about Sexual and Reproductive Health and Associated Factors among Preparatory School Students in Haiyk Town, North East Ethiopia

Parental belief and adolescent smoking and drinking behaviors: A propensity score matching study

This research examines the effects of parental belief on adolescent later smoking and drinking behaviors. Previous studies show that parental belief may have detrimental or beneficial influences on adolescents' behaviors. Analysis is based on Wave 1 and 2 data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), N = 3232, and is conducted using an OLS regression estimation and propensity score matching (PSM; nearest-neighbor and kernel matching). Results show that, of adolescents who used cigarettes and alcohol at Wave 1, they are more likely to continue the activity if their parents were aware of it. Adolescents are also more likely to use cigarettes if their parents believed they smoked when in fact they did not. Of adolescents who did not use alcohol, no significant association is found between parental belief and their later alcohol use. Self-fulfilling prophecy is proposed to explain the effects of parental belief. Results obtained from PSM show weaker effects of parental belief, suggesting that part of the effects is explained by shared factors which are responsible for the belief and adolescent substance use. Adolescent concealment is proposed as an important unobserved confounder that influences the association between parental belief and adolescent substance use. The study suggests that research on parent-adolescent communication affected by the self-fulfilling prophecy needs to consider adolescents' intentional concealment, which may help avoid conflicts elicited by discussing topics that adolescents feel uncomfortable confiding in.

Is it Parental Communication, Self-Esteem, or Internet use that makes Pornography Behavior in Teenagers? (cases of pornography and porno-action)

&lt;p class="Paragraf"&gt;Parent-adolescent communication will affect both positive and negative behaviors in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the influence of the characteristics of adolescents and families with parent-adolescent communication, self-esteem, the use of internet, pornography and porn-action.The respondents of the study were teenagers in the age groups of 14-17 years, consisted of 137 respondents in Bogor, selected by using random sampling technique.Parent-adolescent communication consists of daily communication and preventife discussion of pornography and porn-action.Furthermore, adolescent' self-esteem includes both positive and negative perceptions of self among adolescents. The use of the media is focused on the frequency of Internet use for pornography and porn-action behavior including viewing and disseminating porn contents. Data were analyzed with independent sample t-test, and multiple linear regression test. The results showed that female are more open to communicate with parents than male. Male pornography and pornoaction behavior are higher than female. Regression results indicate that preventative discussion of pornography and porn-action of parent-adolescents and internet usage affect the behavior of pornography and porn-action.&lt;/p&gt;

청소년의 자기통제력과 스마트폰 과의존 간 관계에서 부모-자녀의사소통 및 학교생활적응의 매개효과

청소년의 자기통제력과 스마트폰 과의존 간 관계에서 부모-자녀의사소통 및 학교생활적응의 매개효과

Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sex and Condom Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Examination of the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are at disproportionate risk for HIV infection. Parent-adolescent communication about sex, particularly mother-adolescent communication, protects against adolescent sexual risk behavior. However, it is unclear whether these findings generalize to YMSM. The current study used the theory of planned behavior as a framework to examine how YMSM perceptions of parent-adolescent communication about condoms are associated with determinants of condom use and condomless anal sex among YMSM. YMSM ages 14-18 (M = 16.55) completed an online survey (n = 838). Associations between several domains of parent-adolescent communication about condoms (i.e., frequency and specificity, quality, and negative emotionality) and condom-related attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions, as well as instances of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), were examined with structural equation modeling. Multiple facets of mother-adolescent communication were associated with attitudes about condoms, subjective norms for condom use, perceived behavioral control, intentions to use condoms, and indirectly, instances of CAI. Father communication was not associated with determinants of condom use behavior. Parent-adolescent communication about condoms is associated with determinants of condom use behavior among YMSM, and mother communication exerted an indirect influence on HIV-related sexual risk behaviors. Interventions designed to enhance parent- adolescent communication about condoms could prove efficacious in reducing HIV infections among YMSM.

Correlation between parent-adolescent communication and adolescents’ premarital sex risk

Previous studies have indicated the parent-adolescent relationship has a correlation to adolescents' premarital sex behavior risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover the influence of parent-adolescent communication on adolescents' risk of sexual issues. This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study consisted of students from a high school in Jakarta. A purposive sampling technique was used, which resulted in the selection of 253 students as samples. A PACS (Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale) questionnaire was applied. The results showed that 59.3% of the adolescents studied were at risk for engaging in premarital sex, while the risk for adolescents with positive communication with their parents was 56.5%. Bivariate analysis also showed a significant correlation between gender and parent-adolescent communication and the risk of adolescent premarital sex behavior (α < 0.05). This study's result was expected, and nurses can follow up by providing health education on how to maintain good communication between parents and adolescents. Communication must align with adolescents' developmental tasks. Nurses can also create a promotion program on the topic of communication for parents and adolescents.

“Say something instead of nothing”: Adolescents’ perceptions of memorable conversations about sex-related topics with their parents

ABSTRACTThis study examined adolescents’ (n = 389) perceptions of parent–adolescent communication about sex, including what their parents say about sex, what types of conversations adolescents report as memorable, the degree to which messages are perceived as effective, and how parental messages predict adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behaviors. Six conversation types emerged: underdeveloped, safety, comprehensive talk, warning/threat, wait, and no talk. When adolescents were asked to report how those could have been improved, five types emerged from the analysis of their responses: no change, be more specific/provide guidance, talk to me, appropriateness, and collaborate. Comprehensive talk and safety were perceived as significantly more effective than all other types of conversations. Safety conversations predicted the lowest levels of permissive sexual attitudes and risk-taking.

Problem-solving skills, parent-adolescent communication, dyadic functioning, and distress among adolescents with cancer.

Some adolescents with cancer report distress and unmet needs. Guided by the disability-stress-coping model, we evaluated associations among problem-solving skills, parent-adolescent cancer-related communication, parent-adolescent dyadic functioning, and distress in adolescents with cancer. Thirty-nine adolescent-parent dyads completed measures of these constructs. Adolescents were 14-20 years old on treatment or within 1 year of completing treatment. Better problem-solving skills were correlated with lower adolescent distress (r=-0.70, P<0.001). Adolescent-reported cancer-related communication problems and dyadic functioning were not significantly related to adolescent distress (rs<0.18). Future work should examine use of problem-solving interventions to decrease distress for adolescents with cancer.

An Exploratory Study of Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual Issues and HIV Prevention, at Otjomuise Clinic, Namibia

This research looks at parent-adolescent communication on sexual issues and HIV prevention at Otjomuise clinic in Windhoek-Namibia. The literature review showed that parent-adolescent communication about sexual issues and HIV prevention is rare especially in Africa because of lack of skills, information and cultural beliefs. The aim of the study is to investigate parental communication with their adolescents about sexual issues and HIV prevention. The Specific objectives were: To investigate whether parents communicated with their adolescents on sexual issues and HIV prevention. To explore type of information that was communicated. To determine challenges encountered in communicating with their adolescents. To seek suggestions from parents on how to improve communication between parents and adolescents regarding sexual issues and HIV prevention. Qualitative design was used. A total of 20 participants were purposively selected and semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis. The research revealed that some parents do discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention with their adolescents but not a lot. The information that they discuss is mainly abstinence. The challenges that parents encounter during discussions are lack of skills and information to initiate the discussion and cultural beliefs that do not expect a parent to discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention with their own children. Parents suggested two things in order to improve parent-adolescent discussions on sexual issues and HIV prevention: (i) That institutions like schools should provide education on sexual issues and HIV prevention. (ii) That the government should train the parents on how to discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention with their children. The researcher recommends that parent-teachers associations be established so that parents can learn from teachers on how to discuss sexual issues and HIV prevention. Together teachers and parents can discuss on how to educate adolescents about abstinence plus any related issues.