Parenchymal Organs Research Articles

Expanding the therapeutic armamentarium for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: successful transarterial chemoembolization of peritoneal extrahepatic metastasis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is predominantly known for its intrahepatic manifestations, yet extrahepatic dissemination, particularly intraperitoneal, remains rare. Herein, we present the very first case of successful transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for an extrahepatic peritoneal HCC nodule. This intervention underscores the potential efficacy of TACE as a viable alternative to surgery in cases where arterial vessels supplying the lesion do not nourish vital parenchymal organs.

Application of ultrasonic diagnostics in the study of urogenital organs of birds

Ultrasound examination is one of the most accessible and having a high probability of competence of research of diagnostics of diseases of internal organs, which are carried out mainly in small pets. The aim of the study is to obtain information about parenchymatous organs in birds in norm and in case of pathologic changes for making or confirming clinical diagnosis. Material and methods. Ultrasound diagnostics of avian oviduct was carried out on ultrasonic diagnostic scanner ETS-D-05 "Raskan", ~ 220V, 50 Hz, 100 VA, class 1. The transducer is microconvex 7.5 MHz. Results. At ultrasound examination of the kidneys in the chicken, it was noted that the kidneys had smooth, clear boundaries. The echostructure of cortical and brain layers in the median plane is heterogeneous, echogenicity of parenchyma corresponds to the norm. The capsule is not visualized. The presence of lighter and darker areas in the parenchyma is clearly visible, which is associated with filtration of mineral substances contained in the blood. Ultrasound examination of the genitalia in the chicken was carried out in several stages. At the first stage, the presence of a mature follicle was noted. Localized volumetric formations of rounded shape - follicles at different stages of development were revealed. They have homogeneous echogenicity and echostructure of hyperechogenic character, giving a weak acoustic shadow. In the second stage of the study we noted the presence of yolk covered with vitelline shell, which is located in the central part of the albumen section of the oviduct, has a high density and good echogenicity. In the third stage, the yolk is located in the caudal part of the albumen section. At its periphery, the albumen with several layers is located. Protein section is displaced somewhat to the left, has strongly tortuous loops. The wall of the albumen is well structured, the expression of layers is weakly marked. In the cavity of the oviduct, the content of the oviduct is homogeneous with a small amount of content of liquid consistency. At the fourth stage of the study in the uterus of the oviduct, an anechogenic formation - an egg - is visualized on the echogram. In its center, a hypoechogenic structure with indistinct contours - yolk is detected. The contours of the egg are smooth, borders are indistinct. The egg completely fills the uterine cavity, the lumen between the egg and the uterine wall is absent, the uterine wall contours are clear and even with homogeneous echogenic structure, no nodular formations are detected, uterine vessels are not dilated.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RAT SKIN AFTER THERMAL BURNS

Every day around the world, children and adults suffer from burn injuries. Burn injury is one of the global health problems due to its high prevalence and mortality. The skin is the largest multifunctional human organ. The area of the entire skin is on average 1.7-1.9 square meters. The skin has a wide variety of functions from protective to energy-saving and tactile. Burns have a long history, but new methods of study are needed, this is due to the increase in the frequency of burns in everyday life, production, as well as the complexity of the pathogenesis and treatment of burn disease. Pathological changes that occur in the body of burned animals lead to the fact that in the first hours with extensive burn injury, circulatory disorders occur in parenchymal organs, especially in the liver, lungs and adrenal glands. In the future, with severe intoxication, severe dystrophic processes occur in the muscles of the heart and other internal organs. Recently, the main areas of research into the pathogenesis of inflammation have become immunological, at the morphological level it has not been sufficiently studied. The article shows the morphological features of the study in thermal burns of the skin of rats during treatment with a different mechanism of action. Rats in the amount of 15 pieces were divided into 3 groups: the first control group with a burn without treatment, the second group with a thermal burn, to which levomekol gel was applied to the burn area, the third group was treated with powder from the medicinal plant yarrow Achillea millefolium L. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days, the rats were taken out of the experiment, after which the skin pieces were fixed in 10% formalin for further histological examination.

Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract : Value of (hybrid) imaging diagnostics in radiology

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) represent aheterogeneous group of rare tumors that predominantly arise in the gastrointestinal tract. At the time of initial diagnosis, the NET has already spread locoregionally in about half of the patients, and 27% of patients have already developed distant metastases. Since this plays acrucial role in therapy planning, accurate diagnostic imaging is important. Due to its high temporal and spatial resolution (multiphasic including arterial phase), computed tomography (CT) plays adecisive role in primary staging and follow-up care, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with its excellent soft tissue contrast offers advantages in the assessment of parenchymal organs in the upper abdomen. Somatostatin receptor (SSR) positron emission tomography (PET) provides additional functional information that not only helps to detect the primary tumor and distant metastases, but also has asignificant influence on therapeutic management in atheranostic approach. Hybrid imaging using SSR-PET/CT has proven to be particularly effective in the detection of NET. Compared to conventional imaging, it provides additional information in 68% of patients, which has asignificant impact on clinical management. Imaging of NET requires the combined use of various methods such as ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET/CT to enable accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. SSR-PET/CT is avaluable tool for the accurate staging of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, especially with small metastases, while MRI with hepatocyte-specific contrast agent and diffusion-weighted imaging is useful for the specific assessment of liver metastases.

Детекция генома ЦВС-2 в гистологических срезах паренхиматозных органов свиней

Детекция генома ЦВС-2 в гистологических срезах паренхиматозных органов свиней

Right iliopsoas kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: a case report

BackgroundKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin. It may involve skin, bone, connective tissue, and parenchymal organs, and it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis in the early stage because Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon may occur in some cases.Case presentationOn June 12, 2022, a 19-month boy was admitted to our department with the chief complaint of flexion of the right hip joint for over 1 year. An exploratory laparotomy and pelvic lesion resection were conducted and the resection of the iliopsoas muscle mass was performed. The intraoperative resection of the neoplasm confirmed the pathological diagnosis of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. The vital signs of the child were stable and recovered well after surgery, and the platelet and coagulation indices were normal.ConclusionKHE is a rare disease in clinics, the number of confirmed cases in the world is still relatively few, and the etiology and mechanism of the disease are still unknown, which could result in misdiagnose and delayed treatment in the disease early stages. It is necessary to continue to collect relevant cases, to unify the standard treatment guidelines as soon as possible, to reduce the mortality rate, and to improve the quality of life of the cases.

Management of Injuries to the Parenchymal Abdominal Organs

The most common organs affected by abdominal trauma are the spleen and the liver, often in combination. Pancreatic injuries are rare. In the case of blunt abdominal trauma, which is much more common, a clinical and laboratory examination as well as sonography should be performed. In the initial assessment, the circulatory situation must be screened. If there is haemodynamic instability and presentation of free fluid, an emergency laparotomy is indicated. If the situation is stable or stabilised and a pathological sonography is present, it is essential to perform triphasic contrast enhanced computed tomography, which is also mandatory in polytraumatised patients. If a renal injury is suspected, a late venous phase should be attached. In addition to the classification of the injury, attention should be paid to possible vascular injury or active bleeding. In this case, angiography with the possibility of intervention should be performed. Endoscopic treatment is possible for injuries of the pancreatic duct. If the imaging does not reveal any intervention target and a circulation is stable, a conservative approach is possible with continuous monitoring using clinical, laboratory and sonographic controls. Most injuries can be successfully treated by non-operative management (NOM).There are various surgical options for treating the injury, such as local and resecting procedures. There is also the option of "damage control surgery" with acute bleeding control and second look. Complex surgical procedures should be performed at centres. Postoperative complications arise out of elective surgery.In the less common case of penetrating abdominal trauma, the actual extent of the injury cannot be estimated from the visible wound. Here again, the circulatory situation determines the next steps. An emergency laparotomy should be carried out in case of instability. If the condition is stable, further diagnostics should be performed using contrast enhanced computed tomography. If penetration through the peritoneum cannot be clearly excluded, diagnostic laparoscopy should be performed.

Thermocoagulation of resection surfaces of parenchymal organs using a new source of ultrahigh frequency energy (experimental study)

Relevance. Modern surgery is characterized by the use of various technical means to perform classical surgical techniques - separation and connection of tissues, hemostasis. The study of the applicability of new surgical devices and the search for technological techniques are an important task.The aim of the study: to evaluate the capabilities of the developed device based on microwave energy for hemostatic coagula­tion of resection surfaces of parenchymal organs.Materials and methods. The method is based on the principle of converting microwave energy into heat when it is absorbed in biological tissue. The choice of the microwave range is due to the higher efficiency of power supply to the heat­ing area. Based on the prototype of a medical microwave complex developed in 2011 for thermal effects on biological tissues (RF Patent 2481080. 2011), a prototype of a microwave coagulator for working with parenchymal organs was created. The device was tested on the paren­chymal organs of large laboratory animals under conditions of preserved and switched off blood flow in various energy supply modes. Tissue samples from coagulated lesions were studied histologically.Results. At the site of exposure of the applicator-coagulator to the parenchymal organ, a zone of coagulation changes appears. A clear dependence of the size of coagulation necrosis on the time and power of exposure was noted. When the blood flow is turned off, the necessary stable hemostasis is achieved by shorter exposure time of the coagulator antenna on the surface of the organ.Conclusions. The most effective and reliable hemostasis is achieved on the liver parenchyma. The use of temporary vascular isolation, especially on the kidneys and spleen, involves a single use of microwave energy to stop bleeding. By changing the power and duration of exposure, it is possible to dose the thermal load on biological tissue with great precision. This adjustment allows you to select the operating mode for each specific case. The obtained results of the experiment of the described system during surgery for the purpose of hemostasis in parenchymal bleeding.

Cadmium level in parenchymatous organs of landrace pigs

Cadmium level in parenchymatous organs of landrace pigs

Therapeutic effects of tetrandrine in inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review.

Inflammation can be triggered by any factor. The primary pathological manifestations can be summarized as the deterioration, exudation, and proliferation of local tissues, which can cause systemic damage in severe cases. Inflammatory lesions are primarily localized but may interact with body systems to cause provocative storms, parenchymal organ lesions, vascular and central nervous system necrosis, and other pathologic responses. Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylquinoline alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Stephania tetrandra, which has been shown to have significant efficacy in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, nephritis, etc., through NF-κB, MAPK, ERK, and STAT3 signaling pathways. TET can regulate the body's imbalanced metabolic pathways, reverse the inflammatory process, reduce other pathological damage caused by inflammation, and prevent the vicious cycle. More importantly, TET does not disrupt body's normal immune function while clearing the body's inflammatory state. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to its dosage and duration during treatment to avoid unexpected side effects caused by a long half-life. In summary, TET has a promising future in treating inflammatory diseases. The author reviews current therapeutic studies of TET in inflammatory conditions to provide some ideas for subsequent anti-inflammatory studies of TET.

Моделирование радиационного поражения на фоне заражения организма пастереллезной инфекцией

Purpose: Simulate radiation-pasteurellosis lesions in the body. Material and methods: Modeling of radiation and pasteurellosis lesions caused by the action of physical and biological factors on the organism Modeling of acute radiation disease (ARD) of animals was carried out by gamma-irradiation at the “Puma” facility with an exposure dose rate of 2.36×10-5 A/kg. Pasteurella multocida, the causative agent of pasteurellosis, as one of the most frequently occurring pathogenic agents, was used as a model biological agent to reproduce the experimental biological lesion. Modeling of radiation-pasteurellosis lesion was carried out on rabbits and on white mice with live weight of 2.8‒3.4 kg and 18‒20 g, respectively. Results: In experiments on white mice to determine the optimal doses of the affecting agents it was found that the minimum doses of gamma rays and the causative agent of pasteurellosis are 6.0 Gy and 4.5×103 microbial cells per kg (m.k./kg), 3.9 Gy and 9.0×103 m.k./kg, which leads to the development of pasteurellosis infection and radiation sickness in acute form with death of all animals, mainly on the first and second days after exposure to the affecting agents. k./kg, which leads to the development of pasteurellosis infection and radiation disease in acute form with death of all animals, mainly on the first and second days after combined exposure to the affecting agents. It was found that gamma-irradiation of rabbits at a dose of 8.0 Gy, followed by infection with Pasteurella at a dose of 4.5×103 m.k./kg, aggravated the course of the pasteurellosis process, contributed to its generalization and accelerated the death of animals. Conclusion: Radiation-pasteurellosis affection proceeded rapidly. Animals died on 2‒13 days after the onset of the disease with an average life expectancy of 6.3 days. Exposure of rabbits to non-lethal doses of the studied agents at the indicated doses led to aggravation of the course of radiation sickness and pasteurellosis infection, causing death of all animals from radiation-pasteurellosis pathology. At autopsy of corpses of animals, which died from acute course of radiation-pasteurellosis pathology, swelling of subcutaneous tissue in the area of pharynx and intermandibular space of neck, hyperemia and enlargement of lymph nodes, numerous hemorrhages on serous and mucous membranes and in tissues of parenchymatous organs ‒ serous or serous-fibrinous exudate in thoracic and abdominal areas, pulmonary edema were found.

Robustness of radiomic features in healthy abdominal parenchyma of patients with repeated examinations on dual-layer dual-energy CT

ObjectivesRobustness of radiomic features in physiological tissue is an important prerequisite for quantitative analysis of tumor biology and response assessment. In contrast to previous studies which focused on different tumors with mostly short scan-re-scan intervals, this study aimed to evaluate the robustness of radiomic features in cancer-free patients and over a clinically encountered inter-scan interval. Materials and methodsPatients without visible tumor burden who underwent at least two portal-venous phase dual energy CT examinations of the abdomen between May 2016 and January 2020 were included, while macroscopic tumor burden was excluded based upon follow-up imaging for all patients (≥3 months). Further, patients were excluded if no follow-up imaging was available, or if the CT protocol showed deviations between repeated examinations. Circular regions of interest were placed and proofread by two board-certified radiologists (4 years and 5 years experience) within the liver (segments 3 and 6), the psoas muscle (left and right), the pancreatic head, and the spleen to obtain radiomic features from normal-appearing organ parenchyma using PyRadiomics. Radiomic feature robustness was tested using the concordance correlation coefficient with a threshold of 0.75 considered indicative for deeming a feature robust. ResultsIn total, 160 patients with 480 repeated abdominal CT examinations (range: 2–4 per patient) were retrospectively included in this single-center, IRB-approved study. Considering all organs and feature categories, only 4.58 % (25/546) of all features were robust with the highest rate being found in the first order feature category (20.37 %, 22/108). Other feature categories (grey level co-occurrence matrix, grey level dependence matrix, grey level run length matrix, grey level size zone matrix, and neighborhood gray-tone difference matrix) yielded an overall low percentage of robust features (range: 0.00 %-1.19 %). A subgroup analysis revealed the reconstructed field of view and the X-ray tube current as determinants of feature robustness (significant differences in subgroups for all organs, p < 0.001) as well as the size of the region of interest (no significant difference for the pancreatic head with p = 0.135, significant difference with p < 0.001 for all other organs). ConclusionRadiomic feature robustness obtained from cancer-free subjects with repeated examinations using a consistent protocol and CT scanner was limited, with first order features yielding the highest proportion of robust features.

On the content of toxic elements in meadow grasses of rural areas of Khangalassky district

The importance of studying the microelement composition of soils and vegetation in the Northern territories is due to the role of microelements in soil formation under cryolithozone conditions, and secondly, the influence of the microelement background of plants on the physiological functions of animals and humans. At the same time, heavy metals deserve special attention as they pose a threat to all living organisms due to their ability to accumulate. The article presents data on the content of heavy metals in the aboveground parts of meadow grasses growing under cryolithozone conditions - in the Khangalassky district, located in the Central Yakut biogeochemical province. Atomic absorption spectral analysis showed that the content of heavy metals - cadmium and lead - in the aboveground parts of the studied plants varied significantly depending on the place of collection, but did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. The concentration of zinc in some of the herbal collection points exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations. The need to study the content of heavy metals in plants is due to the fact that they are the primary link in the movement of toxic elements along the trophic chain into the human body. Lead and cadmium accumulate in parenchymal organs, are carcinogenic and affect the morbidity and mortality of the northern population.

Determination of activity of reflexogenic zones of the body during performance of static exercise of Hatha Yoga (Supta Virasana)

By measuring electrical conductivity on different meridians of the human body, it is possible to obtain data of different meridian energies. The purpose of our work was to determine the effect of physical exercises on the body using the means of acupuncture diagnostics according to the method of J. Nakatani, using the example of a static exercise, which is performed similarly to the Supta Virasana exercise (Hero lying down from Hatha Yoga). We chose this exercise because of its popularity, static execution and ease of study. In our work, we assumed that the use of this technique is possible not only for diagnosing diseases, but also for determining the effect of physical exercises on certain organs and systems of the body. Ten female students of DSPU named after I. Franko, 18-20 years old, who perfectly mastered the technique of performing this exercise. Measurements were taken before, during and after 6 minutes of exercise. The results of the research showed significant changes in the indicators of electrical activity in the representative points of the meridians of the human body. The selected static exercise has a rather significant effect on the human body. Asana suppresses the activity of the small intestine and pancreas, that is, it helps to slow down their activity, which is not known in the literature, which is associated with a change in the position of the parenchymal organs due to the bending of the trunk, compression of the neck and abdominal organs, a change in their blood flow, as well as a change general visceral blood circulation due to increased intra-abdominal pressure, which is confirmed by the authors' data.&#x0D; During Supta Virasana, blood vessels are squeezed at the level of the front surface of the neck, the back surface of the lower limb, as a result of which the blood flow in the neck slows down. Instead, blood circulation in the shoulder girdle, pelvis, chest and abdominal cavity slows down. Gas exchange also undergoes changes as a result of slowing down breathing. This changes the functioning of individual organs: it slows down the function of the bladder and pancreas; activates the liver.&#x0D; So, the method of acupuncture diagnostics chosen by us makes it possible to determine the electrical activity of the meridians of the human body during static physical exercises. It is possible to propose the use of this method of studying the impact of static exercises on the human body along with other generally accepted scientific methods.

Development of a real-time PCR protocol for the detection of chicken DNA in meat products

Food falsification is a pressing issue in today’s food industry, with fraudulent substitution of costly ingredients with cheaper alternatives occurring globally. Consequently, developing straightforward and efficient diagnostic systems to detect such fraud is a top priority in scientific research. The aim of the work was to develop a test system and protocol for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect in food products of animal origin the substitution of expensive meat raw materials for by-products of poultry processing. For this, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used, which allows determining the qualitative and quantitative substitution in raw and technologically prepared products. Other methods for detecting falsification – enzyme immunoassay (ELISA/ELISA) or express methods in the form of a lateral flow immunoassay are less informative. The extraction of nucleic acids for real-time polymerase chain reaction depends on the source matrix, with higher concentrations obtained from germ cells and parenchymal organs. Extraction from muscle and plant tissues is more challenging, but thorough grinding of these samples improves nucleic acid concentration by 1.5 times using DNA extraction kits. The selection of primers and fluorescent probes through GenBank and PCR Primer Design/DNASTAR software enables efficient amplification and identification of target chicken DNA fragments in various matrices.

A sporadic case of small ruminant plague in sheep: morphological and functional manifestation of cellular and humoral immunodeficiency

The threat of the spread of small ruminant plague to livestock in a number of countries makes the study of the mechanisms of development and prevention of this disease a priority area of research. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the changes in the blood system and organs of the immune system in small ruminant plague, which led to the development of immunodeficiency in the body of infected animals. Haematological and histological methods were used in the study. As a result of the work carried out, a decrease in the total number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood from 12.4 to 7.3×109/l was detected in 3 sheep that died from small ruminant plague. There was also a shift in the normal ratio of granulocytes to agranulocytes from 1:1 to 2.5:1 towards granulocytes, which was provoked by a sharp decrease in the number of lymphocytes from 49% to 25% in the leukocyte blood count. Such changes in the blood system were provoked by significant degenerative changes in the lymphoid tissue of immunocompetent organs – lymph nodes and spleen. Histological examination of the parenchyma of the above organs revealed atrophy of T- and B-dependent zones and apoptosis of lymphocytes. Taken together, these signs – haematological and histological – allow for the conclusion that both the humoral and cellular immune response systems in the body are reduced. In the affected areas of the lungs, an inflammatory reaction is observed with active migration of neutrophils and macrophages to the inflammation zone. But the active multiplication of the virus in the lung cells indicates a lack of immunity. Thus, the study revealed the mechanisms of the development of humoral and cellular immunodeficiency in small ruminant plague (SRP), which would allow developing more effective methods of combating this disease

MULTI-PARAMETER MUELLER-MATRIX TOMOGRAPHY OF HISTOLOGICAL SAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES AS AN ACCURATE AND EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF BLOOD LOSS

Establishing the volume of blood loss is extremely important in the context of forensic practice, as it can indicate various circumstances of death and is important in solving criminal cases. Consideration of modern methods of determining this parameter in the article is relevant and aims to reveal new opportunities and perspectives in this field of forensic medical examination.&#x0D; Aim of the work. To develop a set of new forensic criteria for accurate determination of the volume of blood loss using the method of multichannel polarization Muller-matrix tomography of histological sections of parenchymal organs and human blood samples.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Samples of parenchymal organs and human blood were collected from 76 corpses of both sexes with varying degrees of blood loss from 0 mm3 to 2500 mm3. The research was carried out using the method of multichannel polarization Muller-matrix linear dichroism tomography of biological tissue samples.&#x0D; Results. For all studied biological samples, a decrease in the level of circular birefringence (CB) of formed blood elements against the background of a gradual necrotic decrease in distributions of linear birefringence (LB) of the optical anisotropy of parenchymal tissues and blood films was established for the process of blood loss. The range of sensitivity of the method of differential Mueller-matrix tomography with algorithmic reproduction of linear dichroism maps to changes in blood loss volume of the deceased, which is (0±2000) mm3, is determined.&#x0D; Conclusions. The accuracy of the method of differential Mueller matrix mapping with algorithmic reproduction of linear dichroism maps of biological preparations was determined, which is 86-92 % in the range of the level of blood loss ΔV = (0±2000) mm3.

Solitary fibrous tumor occurring at unusual sites: A clinico-pathological series of 31 cases with emphasis on its wide morphological spectrum

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare mesenchymal fibroblastic tumor occurring most commonly in adults with no gender predilection. Although the pathological diagnosis of SFT is usually straightforward, some difficulties may occasionally arise mainly due to the wide morphological spectrum exhibited by this tumor. In the present paper we aimed to evaluate the unusual clinicopathological features in a series of 31 SFTs arising from parenchymal organs, superficial soft tissues and deep soft tissues. Our results emphasize that SFTs may occur anywhere, including unusual sites such as periosteum of the thoracic spine, mesorectal tissue, hepatic hilum, paravescial space, kidney and breast. Moreover, a wide morphological spectrum was observed in tumors included in our series. The most striking morphological features observed included: extensive lipomatous component, myxoid stromal changes, epithelioid cell component, metaplastic mature bone, neurofibroma-like, myxofibrosarcoma-like and pseudoalveolar-like areas. Additionally, multinucleated giant cells and sarcomatous dedifferentiation were also identified.Our paper emphasizes that SFT may occur in unusual anatomical locations and exhibits a wide morphological spectrum. Pathologists must be aware of these features to avoid confusion with other benign and malignant neoplasms that may show overlapping morphological features.

Assessment of the state of synergies between the structural and functional characteristics of the kidneys and liver during external use of a seaweed product Laminaria algae

The authors conducted studies to study the relationship between the functional activity of the kidneys, the detoxification activity of the liver and the structural features of the parenchymatous tissue of these organs under normal conditions and with external use of the laminar algae product “Lamidan”. The work was performed on 164 white outbred Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. The work was carried out in accordance with current standards for working with laboratory animals. The results of many years of research have shown that normally the indicators of detoxification activity of the liver and functional activity of the kidneys practically do not change, and they correspond to the structural organization of the parenchymatous tissue of these organs, corresponding to the descriptions given in well-known manuals on the activities of these organs. The use of "Lamidan" activates the detoxification function of the liver by 28 % and the functional activity of the kidneys by 28.5 %, i.e. changes are unidirectional and proportionate. In the parenchyma of both organs, changes in the structural organization are recorded, characteristic of an increase in functional activity. Thus, there is a strictly interrelated set of stereotypical changes in the indices of the two organs under study, reflecting between the organs interrelations of functional systems.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of a complex of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia in fish

The aim of the study was to develop therapeutic measures to combat bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia of fish using a complex of antibacterial drugs “Levofloxacin” and “Chlortetracycline”.Methods used: experiments were carried out in aquarium conditions on juvenile carp and hybrids «Siberian sturgeon×Kaluga» (hereinafter hybrid SO×K) infected with a mixed culture of pathogens: highly pathogenic strains of Aeromonas sp., strains of R.R. Acinetobacter and Citrobacter. In the experiment, 2 variants of the use of antibiotics for a course of 7 days were tested. Bacteriological seeding of fish parenchymal organ samples was carried out on nutrient and differential diagnostic media.Novelty: it consists in working out the scheme of application for fish of a complex of new antibiotics for aquaculture.Results: the results of the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of antibiotics “Levofloxacin” + “Chlortetracycline” in the treatment of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia are presented. The cessation of fish death was noted the next day after the start of therapy. Positive results were obtained in carp — with a combination of levofloxacin at a dosage of 1000 mg/kg of ichthyomass and chlortetracycline — 100 mg/kg of ichthyomass, in a hybrid of SO×K — 500 mg/kg of ichthyomass of levofloxacin + 200 mg/kg of ichthyomass of chlortetracycline. Evaluation of their combinations with different dosages did not show 100% effect. The difficulties of therapy have been identified, which are associated with the spread of strains of microorganisms resistant to antibacterial drugs.Practical significance: the developed method of therapy is effective, reduces the damage from the disease and can be recommended when developing measures to combat bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia in fish in aquaculture.