Parasites Of Marine Fishes Research Articles

Cloning and prokaryotic expression of Cryptocaryon irritans α-tubulin gene and its mRNA expression levels in different life history stages

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 刺激隐核虫α-微管蛋白基因的克隆、原核表达及在生活史不同阶段的mRNA表达 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 1. 集美大学水产学院, 福建 厦门 361021;2. 福建农林大学动物科学学院, 福建 福州 350002;3. 莆田市水产科学研究所, 福建 莆田 351100;4. 福建省水产研究所, 福建 厦门 361013 作者简介: 孙嘉阳(1992-),女,硕士研究生,从事分子生物学研究.E-mail:344156662@qq.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 福建省海洋与渔业厅五新项目（201209200023）；福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目（2017N5002）. Cloning and prokaryotic expression of Cryptocaryon irritans α-tubulin gene and its mRNA expression levels in different life history stages Author: Affiliation: 1. Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China;2. Animal Science College, Fujian University of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China;3. Putian Institute of Fishery Sciences, Putian, 351100, China;4. Fujian Fisheries Research Institute, Xiamen, 361013, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:从本实验室已有刺激隐核虫（）转录组数据中筛选获得α-微管蛋白基因片段，利用5'RACE和3'RACE技术首次克隆获得其cDNA，全长为1602 bp，包含1356 bp的开放阅读框，编码451个氨基酸，预测蛋白质分子量为49.78 kD。生物信息学分析表明α-微管蛋白为亲水性非跨膜蛋白，氨基酸序列的第142~148位有特异且保守的GTP核苷酸结合位点（GGGTGSG）。对刺激隐核虫α-微管蛋白氨基酸序列进行同源性比对及进化树分析，发现其与间日疟原虫（Euplotesoct ocarinatus）、尾刺耐格里原虫（）等的序列一致性高达94%~95%，且在系统进化树上聚为一支。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对α-微管蛋白基因在刺激隐核虫3个生活史阶段的表达进行检测，结果显示α-微管蛋白基因的表达量在纤毛虫时期显著高于包囊和滋养体时期（<0.05）。我们进一步构建了α-微管蛋白重组表达载体，并转化至大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21（DE3）和Rosetta （DE3）中进行原核表达，SDS-PAGE分析表明，诱导表达的重组蛋白分子量约为50 kD，与预测的结果一致，即成功诱导表达α-微管蛋白。本实验结果为后续制备α-微管蛋白有效亚单位疫苗防治刺激隐核虫病奠定了基础。 Abstract:is an extremely destructive ciliate parasite of marine fishes, which results in severe economic costs in mariculture. Its life history is divided into three stages:trophont, tomont, and theront. Tubulin is a major component of the cytoskeleton, cilia, and flagella, which plays an important role in maintaining cell morphology, intracellular trafficking, cell division, ciliary, and flagella motility. At the same time, many studies showed that tubulin has immunogenicity and can be used as a target antigen vaccine. In this study, the α-tubulin gene fragment was obtained from the transcriptome data in our laboratory. Full-length cDNA of α-tubulin was cloned for the first time by 5'RACE and 3'RACE. The results showed that full-length cDNA of α-tubulin is 1602 bp containing a 1356 bp open reading frame, which encodes proteins with 451 amino acids. The predicted molecular mass of α-tubulin is 49.78 kD. Bioinformatics analysis showed that it is a hydrophilic non-transmembrane protein. The amino acid sequence at positions 142-148 has a unique conserved GTP nucleotide binding site (GGGTGSG). Multiple sequence alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the α-tubulin in was integrated with other protozoa in the phylogenetic tree and had 94%-95% sequence identity with Naegleria gruberi, and . The real-time quantitative PCR technique was used to detect the expression of α-tubulin gene in the life history of . The results showed that α-tubulin gene expression was significantly higher in the theront stage than in the tomont and trophont stages ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the α-tubulin recombinant expression vector was constructed and transformed into the BL21 (DE3) and Rosetta (DE3) of the expression strain for prokaryotic expression. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of the recombinant protein was approximately 50 kD, which was consistent with the predicted result, indicating that α-tubulin protein induced expression successfully. The results of this study laid the foundation for the subsequent preparation of an effective subunit vaccine. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Kudoa scomberomori (Myxosporea: Kudoidae) firstly foundfrom the muscles of info-pacific king mackerel Scomberomorus guttatus in Quang Binh province, Vietnam

The genus Kudoa includes about 100 described species. In Vietnam, so far, only one species, Kudoa monodactyli, has been reported. During servey for parasites of marine fish in Quang Binh province, Vietnam in 2017, we found Myxozoan samples in 8 out of 15 Indo-Pacific king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus). They are identified as K. scomberomori based on the results of morphological and molecular analyses. A great number of individual spores form white pseudocysts with thin membrane within the muscle fibre. The pseudocysts were 0.1-0.3 × 0.4-0.7 mm. The shape of fresh spore like a flower petal. The spore of K. scomberomori was 6.65 ± 0.09 (6.53-6.76) µm in length, 7.42 ± 0.13 (7.29-7.58) µm in width and 6.55 ± 0.11 (6.40-6.65) µm in thickness. Each spore has six shell valves with same size. Each shell valve contained one polar capsule measuring 3.42 ± 0.09 (3.32-3.48) µm in length and 1.30 ± 0.14 (1.14-1.46) µm in width. This is the first report of K. scomberomori in Vietnam and Indo-Pacific king mackerel is recorded as a new host for this species. Citation: Nguyen Ngoc Chinh, Ha Duy Ngo, Nguyen Huu Duc, Nguyen Thuy Linh, Pham Ngoc Doanh, 2017. Morphological and molecular characteristics of Kudoa scomberomori (Myxosporea: Kudoidae) firstly foundfrom the muscles of info-pacific king mackerel Scomberomorus guttatus in Quang Binh province, Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 40(1): x-xx. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v40n1.10671. *Corresponding author: chinhnn89@gmail.com Received 13 September 2017, accepted 2 December 2017

Phylogenetic position of the genus Gonocerca Manter, 1925 (Trematoda, Hemiuroidea), based on partial sequences of 28S rRNA gene and a reconsideration of taxonomic status of Gonocercinae Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955

Adult trematodes of the genus Gonocerca Manter, 1925, are parasites of marine fishes. Identification of the phylogenetic positions and a revision of the taxonomic status of the subfamily Gonocercinae Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955 (Derogenidae) are the main purposes of this research article. Four Gonocerca species were used in the study, including the type-species G. phycidis Manter, 1925. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on partial sequences of 28S rRNA gene, revealed that Gonocerca spp. are phylogenetically distant from other hemiuroid trematodes, including Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784), representative of the type-genus of the family Derogenidae. The taxonomic rank of Gonocercinae should be raised to the family level. The generic composition of the family Gonocercidae Skrjabin et Guschanskaja, 1955 stat. nov., requires further clarification as the molecular data do not support the inclusion of the genus Hemipera Nicoll, 1913, in this family.

First isolation of Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) associated with skin ulcers from reared pharaoh cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis.

In the winter of 2015, a skin ulcer disease outbreak occurred in a pharaoh cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis population cultured on a land-based fish farm in China. Affected cuttlefish (about 60% of the population) were characterized as having developed ulcers on the dorsal skin, fin fringe, or distal mantle tip. Masses of a ciliated protozoan were isolated from skin ulcers. The ciliate was identified as Miamiensis avidus based on the morphological features of living and protargol-impregnated specimens. This identification was also supported by high sequence similarity of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (100%) and another ribosomal DNA region (including the 2 internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8S gene; 99%) with published sequences of fish parasitic M. avidus strains. M. avidus is known to be a histophagous marine fish parasite. This report describes the first case of M. avidus associated with skin ulcers in a cephalopod mollusk (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). This finding suggests that M. avidus may infect a phylogenetically broader range of hosts than what has previously been reported. Furthermore, M. avidus may pose a health risk to hatchery-reared cephalopods.

Integrative taxonomy of Peniculus, Metapeniculus, and Trifur (Siphonostomatoida: Pennellidae), copepod parasites of marine fishes from Chile: species delimitation analyses using DNA barcoding and morphological evidence

Pennellidae is a family of copepod parasites of widely distributed marine fishes. The pennellid species are usually morphologically differentiated by cephalothorax, neck, trunk, and abdomen shape. These characters, however, show high polymorphism and therefore using only this type of data, delimitation at species level of this genus is difficult. In this study, we explored the genetic distances calculated from sequences of a DNA barcoding marker (COI mt) (678 base pairs). We also explored the genetic distances of 25 Peniculus specimens associated within nine marine fish species, four Metapeniculus specimens associated within one marine fish species, and four Trifur specimens associated within one marine fish species. All specimens were collected in Antofagasta Bay, Chile and were calculated from sequences of a DNA barcoding marker (COI mt) (678 base pairs). The genetic distance among the Peniculus specimens was 0.95% from the different host species, the Metapeniculus specimens distance was 0.44% and the Trifur specimens was 2.25%. Genetic difference between Peniculus and Metapeniculus was 17.86% and Peniculus differ from T. tortuosus by 18.16%. We analysed the barcoding gene fragment using Bayesian Inference (BI) for phylogenetic reconstruction using three outgroups. Based on the phylogenetic analysis an ultrametric tree was built and a general mixed Yule-coalescent (bGMYC) model was conducted for species delimitation. Morphometrics analyses were made with Bayesian statistics. Mean and credibility limit (95%) for each parameter was calculated. Results show that based on morphology the individuals collected can be assigned to P. cf. fistula von Nordmann, 1832, Metapeniculus antofagastensis Castro-Romero & Baeza-Kuroki, 1985, and Trifur cf. tortuosus Wilson, 1917. High morphological polymorphism was observed for the lineage of Peniculus associated to several host species of marine fishes. Similar results were obtained for Trifur cf. tortuosus parasites on Chilean marine fishes.

A survey of nematodes of the genus Cucullanus Müller, 1777 (Nematoda, Seuratoidea) parasitic in marine fishes off Brazil, including description of three new species.

A taxonomic survey of six nematode species (including three new taxa) from the genus Cucullanus Müller, 1777, parasites of marine fishes off the Brazilian coast, is provided. Nematodes were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cucullanus gastrophysi n. sp. parasitic in Lophius gastrophysus Miranda Ribeiro differs from its congeners by the combination of the following features: shape and number of sclerotized structures in the oesophastome (a pair of lateral elongate structures and a single small reniform one), position of deirids and excretory pore (both anterior to oesophagus base), spicule length and spicule/body length ratio (0.97-1.29 mm and 6.5-10.5%, respectively), morphology and length of gubernaculum (V-shaped, 107-135 µm long). Cucullanus protrudens n. sp. from Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus) has the cloacal lips broadly protruded, which differentiates it from several species of Cucullanus; other features, e.g., the length of spicules and gubernaculum (400-415 µm and 91-103 µm, respectively), arrangement of caudal papillae and position of excretory pore (slightly posterior to oesophagus-intestine junction) also characterize this species. Cucullanus pseudopercis n. sp. from Pseudopercis semifasciata (Cuvier) has deirids and excretory pore posterior to the oesophagus-intestine junction, which distinguishes the species from most of the congeners; furthermore, the arrangement of caudal papillae in combination with the length of spicules and gubernaculum (1.0-1.5 mm and 178-196 µm, respectively) separate this species from other taxa. Newly collected specimens of C. cirratus Müller, 1777 (type species of the genus) from Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup), C. pedroi from Conger orbignianus Valenciennes (type host of the species) and C. genypteri Sardella, Navone & Timi, 1997 from Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, were studied as well. Comparisons between newly collected samples and the taxonomic data available for each respective species revealed features that were not previously mentioned (e.g. presence of unpaired cloacal papilla, detailed morphology of cloacal lips), as well as negligible differences in morphometry and caudal papillae arrangement. Observations on the type material of C. carioca suggested affinities with the genus Dichelyne Jägerskiöld, 1902; however, the poor preservation of these specimens does not allow further conclusions. Cucullanus rougetae is considered to be a species inquirenda.

Synopsis of the species of the genus Sphaeromyxa Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida: Variisporina: Sphaeromyxidae).

Sphaeromyxa spp. are parasites of marine fishes, infecting the gall-bladders or bile ducts. The spores of these species possess characteristic ribbon-like polar filaments, a unique character among myxozoans. This unique character is also a synapomorphy consistent with estimates of phylogeny for this group which forms a lineage distinct from other myxozoans. There are 49 nominal species of Sphaeromyxa Thélohan, 1892 for which a synopsis is provided, reporting spore dimensions, spore shape, locality, and host species. A line drawing is also provided for each species.

&lt;i&gt;Theletrum lamothei&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. (Digenea),parasite of &lt;i&gt;Echidna nocturna&lt;/i&gt; from. Cuajiniquil, Guanacaste,. and. other digenes of marine nshes fromCóstaRica

A new species of Theletrum is described from the intestine of two palenose morays, Echidna nocturna, collected in Cuajiniquil, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. The new species differs from the type species, T. fustiforme Linton, 1910 by having a subspherical pars prostatica, a subspherical seminal vesicle extending anteriorly to the anterior border of the acetabulum, by the presence of a poorly developed hermaphroditic sac, and by having a larger body size. We also report eight additional species of digeneans parasitizing marine fishes in several localities along the Atlantic and Pacific coast of Costa Rica: Bianium simonei, Didymozoinae (metacercariae), Ectenurus virgulus, Hypocreadium myohelicatum, Lecithochirium microstomum, Pseudolecithaster sp., Stephanostomum casum, and Tergestia laticollis. In addition, we present an updated list of helminth parasites of marine fish from Costa Rica and discuss the importance of including parasites as an integral part of biodiversity inventories.

Morphology, seasonality and phylogenetic relationships of Ceratomyxa husseini n. sp. from the gall-bladder of Cephalopholis hemistiktos (Rüppell) (Perciformes: Serranidae) in the Arabian Gulf off Saudi Arabia.

During a survey of myxosporean parasites of marine fishes from the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia, spores of Ceratomyxa husseini n. sp. were found in the gall-bladders of 50 out of 148 specimens (33.8%) of the yellowfin hind Cephalopholis hemistiktos (Rüppell) (Perciformes: Serranidae). The rates of infection showed a seasonal fluctuation, with the highest prevalence in winter and the lowest in autumn. The mature spores appeared arched in frontal view with rounded valve ends and a slightly discriminated curved suture line and measured 8-9×14-18 (9×16)μm. The two polar capsules were spherical and equal in size, 4-5 (4.5) μm in diameter. The polar filament showed four turns obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the capsules and the sporoplasm filled half of the entire spore cavity. Partial sequences of the small subunit rRNA gene of C. husseini n. sp. showed percentage of identity with other species of Ceratomyxa ranging between 79.8 and 92.7%. The morphometric and molecular data, in association, confirmed that the present new species differs from all other Ceratomyxa spp. reported to date.

Marine fish parasitology in South Africa: history of discovery and future direction

Almost 200 years have passed since the first description of a marine fish parasite from South Africa. It is therefore an opportune time to look back, take stock of and reflect on the history of discovery within this field and, based on what we know, propose the future direction for research. The aim of this paper is hence to provide some background information on the growth in our knowledge and understanding of the major groups of marine fish parasites and to give an account of how pioneers, such as Barnard, Stebbing, Fantham and Kensley, led the age of discovery and exploration in marine fish parasitology in South Africa. The paper also presents a brief overview of the contributions made by internationally acclaimed parasitologists, such as Rodney Bray and Angela Davies, to our knowledge of marine fish parasites from this region and also to acknowledge the role played by the South African parasitologists, especially over the past 30 years. A rich base of fundamental knowledge is available in South Africa and this research field continues to grow. The prognosis for the future of marine parasitology in South Africa is good; however, as we continue to acquire and record new information about species, it is proposed that future research should be more focused on the lesser studied groups, such as monogeneans, protists and Myxozoa, as these have received uneven attention to date. In addition, it is proposed that the scope of research on marine fish parasitology be broadened to include ecological and applied aspects, using modern techniques.

Fish feed as source of potentially allergenic peptides from the fish parasite Anisakis simplex (s.l.)

The carry-over of certain feed components into animal products can be of concern for human health. The safety assessment of chemical contaminants including natural toxins, agrochemicals, veterinary drugs, and environmental pollutants is a key element of the “farm-to-fork” (“One Health”) approach. The transmissibility of proteinaceous feed constituents such as enzymes, proteins from genetically engineered crops, and infectious prions in animal meal has also become of interest; but the transfer of proteins with allergic potential is little studied. In the present study, an exploratory zebrafish feeding trial using feed containing 20 percent of processed larvae of the marine fish parasite Anisakis simplex was performed as a proof-of-principle experiment. After a 2-week exposure period, anisakid peptides were detected in zebrafish tissue by high-resolution liquid-chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry and immunostaining using specific polyclonal antibodies or sera from patients with confirmed allergy to A. simplex. Since fishmeal produced from marine pelagic fish is an important feed component in the culture of Atlantic salmon and in the poultry industry, it should be considered as a source of potentially allergenic peptides in the final products. Furthermore, the substitution of fishmeal with plant proteins would not eliminate the potential health risk by allergen carry-over since crops of high nutritional value such as legumes also contain important food allergens. If our preliminary results from the present zebrafish feeding trial should be confirmed in necessary follow-up experiments, the question of labeling information on fish and animal food products raised on feed containing potentially allergenic ingredients could arise in order to minimize the exposure risk of allergic consumers.

Introduction of Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León, recipient of the 2014 Clark P. Read Mentor Award.

Introduction of Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León, recipient of the 2014 Clark P. Read Mentor Award.

Independent host switching events by digenean parasites of cetaceans inferred from ribosomal DNA

Cetaceans harbour a unique fauna of digeneans whose origin and relationships have sparked considerable debate during recent decades. Disparity in the species reported indicates that they do not share close affinities, but their unusual morphology has made their taxonomic identities and phylogenetic positions uncertain. Here we use sequence data to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the main species of flukes infecting cetaceans. We sequenced the 18S, 28S and internal transcribed spacer 2 rDNA of digenean species representing all known families reported from cetaceans: Braunina cordiformis (Brauninidae), Ogmogaster antarcticus (Notocotylidae), Pholeter gastrophilus (Heterophyidae), and Campula oblonga, Nasitrema sp. and Oschmarinella rochebruni (Brachycladiidae). The phylogenetic position of the taxa was estimated by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood incorporating published sequences of 177 species of Digenea. Further Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were performed with sequences of 14 Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae taxa, incorporating new sequences of P. gastrophilus. Species nominally assigned to the Brachycladiidae formed a clade that was embedded among species of the Acanthocolpidae, thus making the latter family paraphyletic. Braunina cordiformis formed a sister lineage to the Strigeidae and Diplostomidae, whereas O. antarcticus was placed within the Notocotylidae, in agreement with the previous taxonomy of this genus. Similarly, P. gastrophilus was placed within the Heterophyidae as originally described. Our results suggest a paraphyletic relationship between the Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae, mirroring the uncertain taxonomic placement of P. gastrophilus, which has been assigned to both families in the past. The digenean families involved are parasites of fish-eating birds and mammals (i.e. Strigeidae, Diplostomidae and Heterophyidae), parasites of marine fish (i.e. Acanthocolpidae) and other herbivorous aquatic birds and mammals (i.e. Notocotylidae). The phylogenetic positions of these taxa indicate that the digenean fauna of cetaceans may have been acquired through independent host-capture events, with two clades showing subsequent diversification exclusively among marine mammals.

An Updated Checklist Of Parasitic Helminths Of Marine Fish From Turkey

Abstract An updated checklist carried out indicated the occurrence of 161 helminth species from wild marine fish species in Turkey, which includes 49 monogeneans, 63 digeneans, 18 cestodes, 17 nematodes, 11 acanthocephalans and three annelids, from 88 different fish (86 native, two migratory) species. Since the publication of the checklist of helminth parasites of marine fishes in Turkey over nine years ago (Öktener, 2005), there have been a number of new records. This update includes these additional records and has allowed the correction of those errors and omissions that were present in the previous version. The parasite species list is arranged by phylum and class, providing parasite species name, host fish, location of host fish capture and author, and date of published record. The host list consists of all parasite species listed by host species. All parasites and their hosts are confirmed with the recent systematic accounts and full taxonomic account.

Myxosporean parasites of marine fishes: their distribution in the world's oceans

Myxosporeans are among the most common parasites of marine fish. Their economic importance is mainly as pathogens of both wild and farmed fish, but they have also been used as biological tags in population studies of their fish hosts. Here we review the literature and show the distribution of different families of Myxosporea infecting marine fishes in the world's oceans - the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific and Indian. We also analyse their distribution in different orders of marine fishes. New families, genera and species of marine Myxosporea are continually being described and many more await description. Some regions, in particular the North Atlantic, have been more thoroughly investigated than others, so the analyses we present may not reflect the true distributions and we acknowledge that these may change considerably as other regions are investigated more fully. The distribution of myxosporean families in different taxonomic groups of marine fishes can indicate phylogenetic relationships between parasite and host and suggest the origins of different myxosporean taxa. We present some examples, while recognizing that new molecular information on phylogenetic relationships within the Myxozoa will lead to major changes in classification.

Ten new species of parasitic cyclopoid copepods (Crustacea) belonging to the families Bomolochidae, Philichthyidae, and Taeniacanthidae from marine fishes in Korea

Ten new species of cyclopoid copepods are described as parasites of marine fishes from Korea. Three new species of the family Bomolochidae are described as gill parasites: Orbitacolax pteragogi n. sp. from Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes), Orbitacolax trichiuri n. sp. from Trichurus lepturus Linnaeus, and Orbitacolax unguifer n. sp. from Evynnis japonica Tanaka. Four species of the genus Colobomatus Hesse, 1873 of the family Philichthyidae are described as internal parasites: Colobomatus unimanus n. sp. from Pseudolabrus eoethinus (Richardson), Colobomatus recticaudatus n. sp. from Halichoeres poecilopterus (Temminck and Schlegel), Colobomatus floridus n. sp. from Hapalogenys mucronatus (Eydoux and Souleyet), and Colobomatus orientalis n. sp. from Johnius grypotus (Richardson). Three new species of the family Taeniacanthidae, including a new species belonging to a new genus, are described as gill parasites: Taeniacanthus singularis n. sp. from Halieutaea fumosa Alcock, Triacanthus luteus n. gen. n. sp. from Odontamblyopus lacepedii (Temminck and Schlegel), and Umazuracola geminus n. sp. from Stephonolepis cirrhifer (Temminck and Schlegel).

A synthesis of our current knowledge of philometrid nematodes, a group of increasingly important fish parasites

Members of the Philometridae represent the most important group of dracunculoid nematodes parasitizing fishes. In his monograph treating the Dracunculoidea, Moravec (2006) reported a total of 11 genera and 105 species of philometrids parasitizing freshwater, brackish-water and marine fishes. However, during the last six years (2007-2012), an additional 42 new species of Philometridae have been described, representing a 40% increase of the number of nominal species. Most of these species (30) belong to Philometra Costa, 1845, mainly represented by parasites of marine fishes, a few others (8) to Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935, and a single one to each of the following genera: Caranginema Moravec, Montoya-Mendoza et Salgado-Maldonado, 2008, Dentiphilometra Moravec et Wang, 2002, Dentirumai Quiazon et Moravec, 2013* and Spirophilometra Parukhin, 1971. Moreover, three new genera, Afrophilometra Moravec, Charo-Karisa et Jirků, 2009, Caranginema and Dentirumai, were erected. Representatives of seven genera, Afrophilometra, Buckleyella Rasheed, 1963, Caranginema, Dentiphilometra, Dentirumai, Paraphilometroides Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison, 1989 and Rumai Travassos, 1960, were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first time. Thirteen known but poorly described philometrid species were redescribed and, in some species of Caranginema and Philometra, previously unknown conspecific males were discovered and described. The male surface ultrastructure studied by SEM provided new taxonomically important features for species distinction. Gene sequencing was used in several recent studies and advanced our understanding of phylogenetic interrelationships among representatives of seven genera (Afrophilometra, Alinema Rasheed, 1963, Caranginema, Nilonema Khalil, 1960, Philometra, Philometroides and Rumai) and of the extent of the biodiversity of philometrids. New data were obtained on the biology and pathogenicity of several species of Nilonema, Philometra, Philometroides and Rumai. The need to carry out surveys in order to find males and to use SEM and gene sequencing to identify philometrids is emphasized. Appropriate quantitative methods to determine the impact of philometrids in ovarian tissue on host fecundity are recommended. Further detailed studies on philometrids would be significant not only from the theoretical viewpoint, but also because of their practical implications. A list of philometrid nematode species by continents is provided.

Copepods of Hatschekiidae (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) new to Korean fauna, with description of a new species

Eight species of the Hatschekiidae are recorded as parasites of marine fishes from southern coast of Korea. One new species, Hatschekia jejuensis, parasitic on Cheilodactylus zonatus Cuvier is included. The remaining seven species are new to Korean fauna: Hatschekia iridescens Wilson, 1913, H. japonica Jones, 1985, H. monacanthi Yamaguti, 1939, H. tenuis (Heller, 1865) H. pseudolabri Yamaguti, 1953, H. cylindrica Shiino, 1957, and Pseudocongericola chefoonensis Yu, 1933. Hatschekia jejuensis n. sp. has a combination of characteristics in the female where the trunk is 2.35 times as long as the cephalothorax and displays a pair of posterolateral bulges on both sides, the antennules is 5-segmented, the mandible bears six teeth, and the armature formulae of the legs are I-0; III (exopod) and 0-0; II (endopod) for leg 1 and I-0; I (exopod) and 0-0; II (endopod) for leg 2.

Nematode and acanthocephalan parasites of marine fish of the eastern Black Sea coasts of Turkey

A total of 625 fish belonging to 25 species were sampled from the coasts of Trabzon, Rize, and Artvin provinces and examined parasitologically. Two acanthocephalan species (Neoechinorhynchus agilis in Liza aurata; Acanthocephaloides irregularis in Scorpaena porcus) and 4 nematode species (Hysterothylacium aduncum in Merlangius merlangus euxinus, Trachurus mediterraneus, Engraulis encrasicholus, Belone belone, Caspialosa sp., Sciaena umbra, Scorpaena porcus, Liza aurata, Spicara smaris, Gobius niger, Sarda sarda, Uranoscopus scaber, and Mullus barbatus; Anisakis pegreffii in Trachurus mediterraneus; Philometra globiceps in Uranoscopus scaber and Trachurus mediterraneus; and Ascarophis sp. in Scorpaena porcus) were found in the intestines of their hosts. The infection rates, hosts, and morphometric measurements of the parasites are listed in this paper.

Two New Species of Haliotrema (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from Cirrhitus rivulatus (Perciformes: Cirrhitidae) from the Pacific Coast of Mexico

During surveys of helminth parasites of marine fishes from the Pacific coast of the Guerrero State in Mexico, 2 undescribed species of Haliotrema Johnston and Tiegs, 1922 (sensu Young, 1968) (Dactylogyridae) were found infecting the gills of the giant hawkfish Cirrhitus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1846 (Perciformes, Cirrhitidae), i.e., Haliotrema cirrhitusi n. sp. and Haliotrema pollexinus n. sp. The new species are similar with respect to the morphology of the anchors with base-shaft junction crazed, hinged, or both; dorsal anchors with an elongate superficial root; a tubular male copulatory organ (MCO) with a cylinder-shaped base diagonally opening; and a membranous accessory piece, shaped like a vane, encircling MCO to form 2 complete spirals from the anterior margin of base to the terminal portion of the MCO. While H. cirrhitusi and H. pollexinus differ from all other species of the genus in the general morphology of the copulatory complex, only H. pollexinus notably differs from all these species in having a superficial, blade-like projection from the inner surface on the distal shaft of anchors. Haliotrema cirrhitusi and H. pollexinus are the only members of the genus recorded in the Mexican Pacific and from a cirrhitid host.