Paraphrasing Strategy Research Articles

Study on the TCM Products Descriptions Translation on Cross-border E-commerce Platforms

In recent years, with the vigorous development of the international internet and cross-border logistics, the cross-border e-commerce industry has gained tremendous momentum in China. Traditional Chinese medicine products have also been venturing into foreign markets in large quantities through the cross-border e-commerce platforms. However, the author has noticed that the English copywriting for some traditional Chinese medicine products on cross-border e-commerce platforms is of uneven quality, which harms the overseas sales of these products. Therefore, this article analyzes the characteristics and text types of English copywriting for traditional Chinese medicine products on Alibaba and proposes some translation strategies in accordance with Newmark's text type theory. The author believes that for titles and efficacy descriptions, which have the characteristics of both informational and vocative texts, it is advisable to utilize the domestication translation strategy as possible as we can. However, given the unique roles of product titles and efficacy descriptions, there should be some differences in the translation process. Titles translation should prioritize the use of trending keywords, while translating efficacy descriptions should primarily rely on domestication and paraphrasing strategies.

ANALYSIS OF PARAPRASHING STRATEGIES IN THESIS OF EXEMPLARY STUDENTS’ ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH KOTABUMI

There are many strategies of avoiding plagiarism in academic writing, paraphrase is the most important one. Students often struggle hard with paraphrasing their citation properly and effectively. Furthermore, to address these challenges it is important for student to apply some strategies of paraphrase in their writing. The objectives of this research is to describe the paraphrasing strategies applied by students as well as the the most frequently strategies in thesis. This study uses qualitative research that examines 30 paraphrase from three thesis of first exemplary students English Education Study Program Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi who graduated in 2021-2023. The category of paraphrasing strategies from Pietrick in Injai were used in this study as well as instruments for collecting data. The instrument used was document analysis. Data analysis was carried out in several stages; identifying data, finding the original source of data, analyzing the data, and interpreting the data. The findings show that there are three paraphrasing strategies applied in students theses. The three strategies were changing the structure and grammar of original text, changing the word of original text, and changing the structure of ideas. The researcher also found two combination strategies used by students, namely; changing the structure and grammar of original text and changing the word of original text, and also changing the word of original text and changing the structure of ideas. Then, of the five strategies, changing the word of original text is the most frequently strategies applied by students.

Mereological Nihilism and Material Constitution

AbstractMereological nihilists typically employ a paraphrase strategy in order to mitigate the apparent absurdity of their denial of the existence of composite objects. I argue here that the nihilist's paraphrase strategy is incomplete, because no schema for generating nihilistically acceptable paraphrases of sentences concerning material constitution has ever been given. Nor can an adequate schema be arrived at by generalising things that nihilists have already said. I fill this lacuna in the nihilist's account by developing and defending a novel paraphrase schema that makes essential reference to the determinable‐determinate relation that holds between arrangement‐properties instantiated by the simples.

Translating Idioms in Political Discourse: Translation Strategies and Semantic Categories

This study examines the Arabic translation of 165 English idiomatic expressions in political interviews in terms of Baker’s translation strategies (2018) and investigates the deployment of idiomatic expressions in terms of semantic category based on Fernando (1996) and Kovacs (2016). The corpus of the study consists of 17 political interviews conducted in English by King Abdullah II from 2013 to 2023 and translated officially into Arabic. The results show that the paraphrasing strategy accounts for more than half the data (56.36%), followed by the strategies of ‘similar meaning but different form’ (23.63%) and ‘similar meaning and form’ (15.15%), while the omission strategy comes last at (4.84%). The analysis indicates that although the overall quality of the translation is acceptable, there are a few cases where the emotiveness of the idiomatic expressions and the appropriate genericity are underestimated. In terms of semantic category, the results reveal that the degree of opaqueness/transparency is a determining factor for choosing the translation strategy, viz., the paraphrasing strategy accounts for (82.69%) in translating opaque/semi-opaque idiomatic expressions against only (27.69%) in transparent/semi-transparent ones. The study concludes that much attention should be paid to the sensitive nature of the degree of emotiveness in idioms and the relevant generic constraints

Analisis Strategi Penerjemahan Idiomatik Dalam Novel “ARTEMIS” Karya Andy Weir

Idioms are one of the most commonly used figurative expressions in literary works, and they are often referred to as a problem that machine translators can never solve. This study aims to discover the strategies used in translating idioms in the novel "Artemis" by Andy Weir. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The data sources are idioms found in the book "Artemis" by Andy Weir. The results show that there are several translation strategies used in translating idioms in the novel "Artemis", namely Paraphrase, Similar Meaning and Form, Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form, Omission of a Play on Idiom, Omission of the Entire Idiom, and Borrowing SL Idiom. Paraphrase is the most widely used idiom translation strategy, which is 30% of the total 74 data analyzed, and the least strategy is borrowing at 2% with only 6 data out of all the data analyzed. The findings in this study show that translators mostly apply the paraphrasing translation strategy because finding the same idiom in the target language is very difficult, so a paraphrasing strategy is needed so that the meaning contained in the source language can be conveyed well in the target language.

Impact of Paraphrasing Strategy on Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills and Performance: Exploring Their Interrelationship

This quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine the impact of paraphrasing strategy on the mathematical problem-solving skills and mathematics performance of first-year college students while also exploring the interrelationship between these skills and performance. The 40 participants of this study were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups following the pre-test and post-test equivalent group design. The instruments used were the Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills Inventory by Chirinda (2013) and a researcher-made performance test. Statistical analyses were the independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, and Pearson r. The experimental group was taught using a paraphrasing strategy, while the control group was taught using the traditional method. According to the findings, there is a statistically significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group scoring higher. Even though both groups improved in their post-test, the significant difference in the mean gain scores shows that the experimental group performed better than the control group, and this improvement was due to the use of a paraphrasing strategy. A significant correlation also existed between mathematical problem-solving skills and mathematics performance, implying that as the mathematical problem-solving skill increases, performance increases. Theoretically, these findings support the cognitive learning theory, which emphasizes the importance of active engagement strategies like paraphrasing in enhancing understanding and retention. This study suggests that educators should incorporate paraphrasing strategies into their teaching methods to improve students' mathematical performance. It can be concluded that a paraphrasing strategy can be used to increase performance in Mathematics. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of paraphrasing strategy on different student populations.

Subtitling Strategies and Acceptability of Humour in “Modern Family” Season 6 (2014)

This research aims to analyse the types of verbal humour, the subtitling strategies, and its acceptability in Modern Family Season 6. The research is conducted by using the theory of verbal humour translation by Raphaelson-West (1989), theory of subtitling strategies by Gottlieb (1992) and the theory of translation acceptability proposed by Nababan (2012). This research uses descriptive qualitative method. In the process, this research utilizes a questionnaire with inputs from raters as a consideration in analysing the translation. The data are utterances containing verbal humour from Modern Family Season 6. The result shows the most frequent type is universal humour (45), followed by linguistic humour (19), and cultural humour (13). Furthermore, 8 out of 10 subtitling strategies are applied by the subtiler. The most dominant strategy is the paraphrase strategy (28), followed by transfer (15), expansion (11), condensation (10), deletion (6), imitation (4), transcription (2), and decimation (1). The acceptability level of the subtitle is acceptable in 69 data and less acceptable in 8 data. The object of the research proposes to serve humour in a usual relatable family interaction that is universal. However, the source language is English which has different grammatical, vocabulary, and syntactic rules than Indonesian. Thus, paraphrase strategy is the most frequently used to transfer the message naturally and appropriately to the target language rules without losing the humour. Hence, the subtitle of verbal humour in Modern Family Season 6 is natural and relevant to the Indonesian rules that conveys the meaning and preserve the humour aspects.

Impact of reading, asking, and paraphrasing on students' ability to write news item

This study aims to find out how students' ability to write news items is impacted by reading, asking, and paraphrasing strategies. The goal of the study was to determine whether the reading, asking, and paraphrasing strategies had a substantial impact on the students' ability to write news items. The SMA Negeri 2 Tg. Balai on Jl Sudirman served as the site for this study. The first-graders of the academic year 2015–2016 made up the study's population. 40 pupils served as the sample, while 320 students made up the pupulation. A research design known as experimental was used to carry out this investigation. Two distinct classes served as the research sample in the design. The control group was one of the classes, and the experimental group was the other. The control group received no treatment, whereas the experimental group received it using the reading, asking, and paraphrasing technique. A written test served as the research's primary tool. The t-test formula was used to determine the t-observed values for both groups as the foundation for testing the research's main premise. According to the study's findings, the tobs value was higher than the t-table value, which had a t-obs value of 3.28 and a t-table value of 2.02. Tobs > Ttable (3.28 > 2.02), as evidenced by this. The theory was approved. It suggests that the students' success in writing news items was significantly impacted by the use of the reading, asking, and paraphrasing strategies. Keywords: reading; asking; paraphrasing strategy; news item; writing

Expansion and Paraphrase Strategies of Slang Words in Teen Movies: A Translation Analysis

Abstract. The aims of this study are to identify the types of slang word formation using Yule’s (2019) theory and to investigate the subtitling strategies of expansion and paraphrase employed by translators in translating slang words using Gottlieb’s (1992) theory. The data used in this research are slang words in English subtitles and their Indonesian translations in the movie Work It, Moxie, and He's All That. Moreover, the researchers used the descriptive qualitative method. As a result, the researchers found that there were 80 data found from the three movies. The researchers found that only 6 word-formations were identified in the three movie subtitles. The word formations were coinage, compounding, clipping, derivation, conversion, and multiple processes. Furthermore, the researchers found that there were only 3 data from the three movies that applied the expansion strategy. Meanwhile, there were 77 data from the three movies that applied the paraphrase strategy. The results indicate that the paraphrase strategy is frequently employed because most of the slang words used in movies is required generalization, modification, and alteration to be understood by the target audience.Keywords: expansion strategy; paraphrase strategy; slang; subtitling strategy; word formationAbstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis pembentukan kata slang menggunakan teori Yule (2019) dan untuk menyelidiki strategi takarir, yaitu strategi expansi dan parafrasa yang digunakan oleh penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan kata-kata slang menggunakan teori Gottlieb (1992). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kata-kata slang dalam takarir bahasa Inggris dan terjemahan bahasa Indonesianya dalam film Work It, Moxie, dan He's All That. Selain itu, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasilnya, peneliti menemukan ada 80 data yang ditemukan dari ketiga film tersebut. Peneliti menemukan bahwa hanya 6 pembentukan kata yang diidentifikasi dalam tiga film. Pembentukan kata tersebut yaitu coinage, compounding, clipping, derivation, conversion, dan multiple processes. Selanjutnya peneliti menemukan bahwa hanya ada 3 data dari ketiga film yang menerapkan strategi ekspansi. Sementara itu, terdapat 77 data dari tiga film yang menerapkan strategi parafrasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi parafrasa sering digunakan karena kebanyakan kata slang yang digunakan dalam film memerlukan generalisasi, modifikasi, dan perubahan agar dapat dipahami oleh khalayak sasaran.Kata kunci: pembentukan kata; slang; strategi ekspansi; strategi parafrasa; strategi subtitling

REVEALING THE CLASSIFICATION OF IDIOMS AND THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN IN “THE RECRUIT” SERIES MOVIE

All languages have idioms. Idioms define as phrases or chunks which are identified as fixed expressions with a non-literal interpretation. In addition to its non-literal interpretation, some strategies are provided in order to be successfully render the messages into a target language. Thus, this research focuses on revealing (1) the classification of idioms proposed by Glucksberg (2001) and (2) the translation strategies of the idioms proposed by Baker (2018) from English into Indonesian in a series movie entitled “The Recruit” with 8 episodes. To reach the objectives, qualitative descriptive method is applied. The results show that there are 37 idioms found in 8 episodes. The revealing consists of 7 non-compositional idioms, 21 compositional transparent idioms, 5 compositional opaque idioms, and 4 quasi-metaphorical idioms are found. Further, the translation strategies used by the subtitler to translate the idioms from English into Indonesian based on Baker (2018) reveal that two (2) data that are translated using the strategy to translate the English idioms into idioms in Indonesian and 30 data that are translated using the paraphrase strategy from English into Indonesian. Moreover, there are five (5) idioms that are translated literally.

Sentences Apparently About Composite Objects: True Even Without Composite Objects

Abstract A compositional nihilist believes that the only objects that exist are simples. However, a non-nihilist believes in the existence of composite objects and challenges the nihilist to explain why there are true sentences about chairs, tables, etc., if composite objects do not exist. Different nihilist views have been suggested to explain this (the paraphrase strategy and the truthmaker theory), but I believe that they are unsuccessful (either they do not successfully paraphrase every sentence apparently about composite objects, or they are not precise about the truthmakers of those sentences). I will suggest that a new truthmaker theory, which uses resources from Cameron’s truthmaker theory and van Inwagen’s paraphrase strategy, can give such an explanation and does not face the problems of other theories. Therefore, we have a good reason to accept this truthmaker theory as the best nihilist way to accommodate sentences apparently about composite objects.

THE STUDY OF SUBTITLING STRATEGY IN 'ALL TOO WELL' SONG TRANSLATION

This study analyzes and discusses the subtitling strategies of the song translation "All Too Well (10-minute version)" from English to Indonesian. The data are taken from Taylor Swift's official lyrics video and the Indolirik channel on YouTube. The study is descriptive qualitative, and content analysis is applied in studying the data and gaining results. The study uses Gottlieb's (1992) 10 subtitling strategies focusing on audiovisual translation. The results show that there are four strategies found in the translated song lyrics: paraphrase (36%), transfer (32%), condensation (22%), and expansion (10%). The paraphrase strategy is probably used because most of the lyrics contain figurative expressions; therefore, the translator managed to convey their basic meaning rather than translating them with equivalent expressions. Meanwhile, the expansion strategy is the least used in translation because the translator might consider that most lyrics do not need more information in the target text. The song lyrics are generally well-conveyed; hence, the whole lyrics' meaning is interconnected and understandable.

Subtitling strategies of imperative sentence from English into Indonesian in the Divergent Series: Insurgent movie

The topic of this research is subtitling strategies of imperative sentence in The Divergent Series: Insurgent movie. The aims of this research is to find out the kind of subtitling strategies in the movie. This research used a descriptive method. The source data for this research are English subtitle and Indonesian subtitle from The Divergent Series: Insurgent movie. The data in this research is the dialogue in the movie. The researcher used the theory from Gottlieb (1992). The result of this research there are 8 kind of subtitling strategies, there are 73 data classified as Paraphrase, 32 data classified as Transfer, 13 data classified as Expansion, 21 data classified as Imitation, 4 data classified as Condensation, 5 data classified as Decimation, 12 data classified as Deletion, and 5 data classified as Resignation. The most subtitling strategy that used in this research is Paraphrase strategy because there are 73 data classified as Paraphrase strategy.

Translation Strategies of Idiomatic Expressions in Marketing 4.0: Moving from Traditional to Digital Written by Philip Kotler

The research analyzes the translation strategies of idiomatic expressions found in a marketing monograph entitled Marketing 4.0: Moving from Traditional to Digital and Marketing 4.0: Bergerak Dari Tradisional ke Digital. This study aims to identify the use of translation strategies and the most used strategy to translate idiomatic expressions in those monographs. The theory applied in this study is from Mona Baker (2018). The results of this study revealed that the translation strategies found are using an idiom of similar meaning and form (SMF), using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form (SMDF), translation by paraphrase, and translation by the omission of a play on idiom. Moreover, the most frequently used strategy found is the paraphrasing strategy (69.23%). The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of translation strategies for idiomatic expressions to the readers.

PERANAN PERANGKAT TURNITIN DALAM MENDORONG KARYA ILMIAH BERKUALITAS

The purpose of scientific writing is to explain the role of the Turnitin tool to detect plagiarism in a scientific work and also to encourage quality scientific work. To suppress plagiarism and encourage quality scientific work, it is necessary to have a detailed and intense mastery of scientific work material so as to produce scientific writings that produce writings that have high originality. To suppress plagiarism in scientific writing, you can also use a paraphrase strategy and process words and sentences manually. Although the Turnitin tool is currently the best tool for detecting plagiarism, it still has a weakness, namely that it only detects the similarity or similarity of words and sentences. For this reason, there needs to be collaboration between students, lecturers and universities in suppressing thesis plagiarism and utilizing the role of the Turnitin tool in encouraging quality scientific works or thesis..

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS IN PARAPHRASING: A CASE STUDY OF THE 5TH-SEMESTER DIPLOMA STUDENTS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND CULTURE DEPARTMENT OF DARMA PERSADA UNIVERSITY

It is significant for students to have competence in writing research papers that requires writing skills. Using formal language and avoiding plagiarism are mandatory for academic paper writers. Paraphrasing is one of the writing skills, which can be interpreted as rewriting a source text using the writers’ own words by changing it syntactically or semantically while maintaining the main idea. Other than investigating the barriers to paraphrasing and how to overcome them, this research aims to analyze the paraphrasing strategy generally applied by the 5th-semester Diploma students of the English Language and Culture Department of Darma Persada University. By approaching mixed-research methods, this study uses a questionnaire and a writing task as the instruments. Likert Scale is used as a data collection technique in the quantitative research method, which is further processed using SPSS. Meanwhile, the qualitative research method approaches Keck’s Taxonomy of Paraphrasing Types and the paraphrasing strategies by Jackie Pieterick. The analysis results find that the majority of the students have difficulties in paraphrasing. A lack of vocabulary and using their own words become their barriers to paraphrasing. In that case, comprehensive learning about paraphrasing skills and strategies taught by lecturers or educators are expected to overcome the obstacles. Furthermore, using synonyms becomes the paraphrasing strategy generally applied by the students. The paraphrased version of the writing task also indicates that the students try not to copy similar words or sentences from the source and therefore the most of the paraphrasing results are included in the Minimal Revision.

The Effect of TRAP Paraphrasing Strategy on Improving Secondary Stage Students' EFL Reading Comprehension of Authentic Texts

This study aimed at investigating the impact of the TRAP paraphrasing strategy on improving secondary stage students’ EFL reading comprehension of authentic texts. Participants were (60) second year secondary stage students at Mahallat Abo-Ali Secondary School for Girls, East Mahalla Educational Directorate, Gharbia Governorate, in the first term of the 2021/2022 academic year. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design using two groups: an experimental group (n=30) and a control one (n=30). To collect the data, the following instruments were employed: an EFL Reading Comprehension Skills Checklist, an EFL Reading Comprehension test and an Authentic Texts Selection Criteria Checklist. The experimental group was taught using the TRAP paraphrasing strategy, whereas the control group was taught using regular instruction. Research results revealed that there was a statistically significance difference between the mean scores of the two groups on the EFL Reading Comprehension Skills test in favor of the experimental group.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE READ-ASK-PARAPHRASE (RAP) STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION

The aim of this research was to improve students' reading comprehension at the X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kasimbar. The method applied was the quasi-experimental design with no equivalent control group, the design involved two groups of class. One group was treated as the experimental class, and another class group was the control class. In the experimental class, the researcher applied The RAP strategy and for the control class, the researcher does not apply this strategy. The population of this research was the X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kasimbar which consisted of 168 students. The sample of this research consisted of 20 students, with the selected date by using the purposive sampling technique, 10 students for X IPA 3 as experimental class and 10 students from X IPA 2 as control class. The instrument used in this research was a reading test. The test was used in the pre-test and post-test. The implementation of this research was to improve the reading comprehension of the students by the (RAP) strategy. The mean score on the reading test before treatment with the (RAP) strategy read ask paraphrase was 60 and after treatment, the mean score was improved by 79.5. It means that the read-ask paraphrase (RAP) strategy to improve students' reading comprehension at the X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kasimbar is effective.

THE EFFECT OF READ, ASK, PARAPHRASE (RAP) STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION IN READING NARRATIVE TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMK SWASTA PUTRA JAYA STABAT

The objective of the study is to know the significant effect of using RAP Strategy on Students’ Comprehension in Reading Narrative Text at the Eleventh Grade of SMK Swasta Putra Jaya Stabat. The strategy used in this study was a quantitative method using quasi-experimental. Two classes were taken as the sample of the study with 35 students in each class. The classes were designed as an experimental class and a controlled class. The experimental class was taught by implementing Read, Ask, Paraphrase (RAP) strategy while the controlled class was taught without using conventional method. The students’ population at the are SMK Swasta Putra Jaya Stabat 105 students, and the samples were 70 students (35 students for experimental class and 35 students for controlled class). The sampling technique that used was random sampling. Moreover, this research was conducted through the following procedures: giving pre-test, applying treatments and giving post-test. The data analyzed in this research was gained through multiple choice. The result of the conclusion that in testing the hypothesis, the value of Rcount>alpha. Has been known the alpha is 0,05, then 0,0718 > 0,05. It concluded the hypothesis is accepted, so it can be concluded that treatment with Read, Ask, Paraphrase (RAP) strategy on Students’ Comprehension at the Eleventh Grade of Smk Swasta Putra Jaya Stabat.

Literature review as a key step in research processes: case study of MA dissertations written on EFL of Saudi context

PurposeThe aim of this study is to find out the most common types of literature review and the accuracy of citing information related to topic in question among Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) postgraduate students at Al-Baha University. This study also aims at revealing the quality of the literature review written by researchers.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study used content analysis to investigate 15 unpublished Master of Arts (MA) dissertations written on EFL of Saudi context. They were analyzed qualitatively using criteria modified from Snyder's (2019) model which is considered a potential method for making theoretical and practical contributions of literature review.FindingsThe findings of the study showed that students favored the systematic review over the integrative. Additionally, data showed that students were lacking in paraphrasing and organizing cited information coherently and appropriately. Moreover, students' performance was better in design, conduct, and data abstraction and analysis criterion, whereas they seemed rather weak in structuring and writing the review criteria.Originality/valueThe significance of the study is to provide researchers with methodological guidance and reference to write a comprehensive and appropriate literature review. Based on the findings, this study concluded with some implications that aim to assist researchers in carrying out their studies professionally. Furthermore, the findings provide decision-makers in higher education institutions with important practical implications. In light of the study's findings, it is suggested to carry out further research investigating postgraduate students to find out their perceptions and attitudes regarding the quality standards of scientific research writing and the paraphrasing strategies.