Parameter Disturbances Research Articles

Chromatographic Analyses of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Mechanism of Its Protective Effects against Experimental Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats.

Background and Objectives: Obesity is currently a major health problem due to fatty acid accumulation and excess intake of energy, which leads to an increase in oxidative stress, particularly in the liver. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of spirulina (SP) against cafeteria diet (CD)-induced obesity, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups and received daily treatments for eight weeks as follows: control group fed a standard diet (SD 360 g/d); cafeteria diet group (CD 360 g/d); spirulina group (SP 500 mg/kg); and CD + SP group (500 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) according to body weight (b.w.) per oral (p.o.). Results: Our results show that treatment with a CD increased the weights of the body, liver, and abdominal fat. Additionally, severe hepatic alteration, disturbances in the metabolic parameters of serum, and lipotoxicity associated with oxidative stress in response to the CD-induced obesity were observed. However, SP treatment significantly reduced the liver alteration of CD feed and lipid profile disorder associated with obesity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that spirulina has a marked potential therapeutic effect against obesity and mitigates disturbances in liver function parameters, histological alterations, and oxidative stress status.

Evaluation of treatment results of oral cavity tumors with the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quality of life in patients with oral cavity tumors who underwent either surgical resection or surgical resection followed by radiotherapy (RT) using the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL). Patients and Methods: The retrospective study included a total of 40 patients (31 males, 9 females; mean age: 64.1±8.3 years; range, 40 to 85 years) who were diagnosed with primary oral cavity tumors and treated between January 2015 and June 2021. Group 1 (n=20) consisted of patients who underwent surgical resection, while Group 2 (n=20) included patients who underwent surgical resection followed by RT. Each participant completed the UW-QOL questionnaire, and the scores were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in pain (p=0.149), recreation (p=0.495), and shoulder (p=0.102) parameters. However, the RT group showed significantly lower scores in appearance (p=0.003), activity (p=0.010), swallowing (p=0.001), chewing (p=0.003), speech (p=0.001), taste (p=0.006), saliva (p=0.001), mood (p=0.002), and anxiety (p=0.007) parameters. There were no significant differences in the rates of the most disturbing parameters, such as pain (p=0.548), activity, recreation, shoulder (p=0.292), mood (p=0.311), and anxiety (p=0.072), in the last seven days (p>0.05). However, those who received RT had significantly higher rates of appearance (p=0.04), swallowing (p=0.001), chewing (p=0.001), speech (p=0.002), taste (p=0.035), and saliva (p=0.008) issues in the last seven days. Conclusion: The data we obtained may be helpful during pretreatment patient counseling. Consequently, patients can be informed about the morbidities they may encounter after treatment, and preliminary information can be given to the patients in line with this information.

Progression of antenatal preeclampsia in the postpartum period (clinical cases)

Background. Preeclampsia is recognized as one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. In the majority of observations in the postpartum period, symptoms of preeclampsia appear in patients with antenatal hypertensive complications. These symptoms appear within the first 710 days after delivery and are accompanied by high blood pressure (BP) and neurologic symptoms, commonly presenting as headaches. According to the literature, common risk factors for the progression of preeclampsia in the postpartum period include maternal age over 3540 years, obesity, cesarean section delivery, and non-Hispanic black race. Patients with progression of antenatal preeclampsia in the postpartum period often require readmission after discharge from the hospital.
 Description of clinical cases. The first clinical observation involves a 25-year-old female patient was transferred to the cardiology department of the hospital on the fourth day after her first spontaneous labor due to a significant increase in BP combined with complaints of intense headache, nausea, and itching of the palms. Progression of antenatal preeclampsia complicated by the cholestasis was detected. The implementation of a complex treatment led to the normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. In the second clinical observation, a 31-year-old first-pregnant patient at the gestational age of 27 weeks underwent emergency cesarean section due to the development of eclampsia. The patient developed thrombocytopenia and massive proteinuria a day after delivery for the first time, along with high BP, which was not present during pregnancy. The application of a personalized approach to treatment helped stabilize the maternity patients condition.
 Conclusion. The presented clinical observations demonstrate the progression of antenatal preeclampsia in the postpartum period. In both cases, disturbances of laboratory parameters, high arterial hypertension, resistant to previously conducted antihypertensive therapy, were noted. Given that preeclampsia is a risk factor for severe complications, patients should not be discharged after delivery until clinical and laboratory parameters have completely normalized.

Evolution Function Based Reach-Avoid Verification for Time-varying Systems with Disturbances

In this work, we investigate the reach-avoid problem of a class of time-varying analytic systems with disturbances described by uncertain parameters. Firstly, by proposing the concepts of maximal and minimal reachable sets, we connect the avoidability and reachability with maximal and minimal reachable sets respectively. Then, for a given disturbance parameter, we introduce the evolution function for exactly describing the reachable set, and find a series representation of this evolution function with its Lie derivatives, which can also be regarded as a series function with respect to the uncertain parameter. Afterward, based on the partial sums of this series, over- and under-approximations of the evolution function are constructed, which can be realized by interval arithmetics with designated precision. Further, we propose sufficient conditions for avoidability and reachability and design a numerical quantifier elimination based algorithm to verify these conditions; moreover, we improve the algorithm with a time-splitting technique. We implement the algorithms and use some benchmarks with comparisons to show that our methodology is both efficient and promising. Finally, we additionally extend our methodology to deal with systems with complex initial sets and time-dependent switchings. The performance of our extended method for these systems is also shown by four examples with comparisons and discussions.

Impact of calcium channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers on hematological parameters in type 2 diabetic patients.

Antihypertensive medications have been associated with a reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, leading to clinically significant anemia. We aimed to provide valuable insights into the impact of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on hematological parameters by measuring the levels of erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin, and complete blood count (CBC) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly considering the duration of the antihypertensives use. In addition to comparing their effects on blood pressure, glycemic status, and renal function, a retrospective cohort study was conducted at the consultation unit of Alsalam Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Nineveh Province, between October 2022 and February 2023. A total of 160 participants were enrolled after being fully examined by the consultants to detect their eligibility for inclusion in the study and to rule out any abnormality. They consisted of 40 healthy controls, 30 T2DM patients (T2DM group), 30 T2DM patients with newly diagnosed hypertension (HT) (T2DM+HT group), 30 type 2 diabetic-hypertensives on ARBs (T2DM+HT+ARBs group), and 30 type 2 diabetic-hypertensives on CCBs (T2DM+HT+CCBs group). Five milliliters of blood was drawn from a vein and divided into two parts. Two milliliters was transferred into an anticoagulant tube for the measurement of HbA1c and complete blood picture. Serum was obtained from the remaining blood and used for assessment of ferritin, EPO, FSG, creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Significantly reduced FSG and HbA1c levels were observed in T2DM+HT+CCBs and T2DM+HT+ARBs groups vs T2DM+HT group (p < 0.05). The T2DM+HT+CCBs group had statistically higher urea levels than the T2DM group (p < 0.05). Both CCBs and ARBs use resulted in reduced creatinine clearance (CrCl). T2DM+HT+CCBs group exhibited slightly higher uric acid levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). Prolonged use of CCBs and ARBs led to disturbances in hematological parameters, with CCBs users showing the lowest levels of hemoglobin (Hb), RBCs, and hematocrit (Hct) among the groups. ARBs users displayed the lowest values of EPO and ferritin compared to other patient groups, along with reduced levels of Hb, RBCs, and Hct, albeit slightly higher than CCBs users. Our study highlights the importance of a balanced approach in prescribing ARBs and CCBs to patients with T2DM, given their potential to induce blood abnormalities, particularly with prolonged usage.

Bipolar disorder and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder: Findings on sustained attention, sleep, and circadian rhythm parameters

BackgroundSleep and circadian rhythm disruptions can contribute to cognitive disturbances in bipolar disorder (BD); however, the profile of specific sleep/circadian phenotypes remains to be elucidated. The aim of our work is to compare sleep/circadian parameters and sustained attention between patients with BD and comorbid delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (BD-DSWPD), patients with BD without DSWPD comorbidity (BD-Control), and healthy controls (HC). MethodsBD patients (N = 70, BD-DWSPD N = 25, BD-Control N = 45) and HC (N = 86) were evaluated through actigraphy for sleep and circadian rhythm parameters, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality, the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for chronotype and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task for sustained attention. ResultsThe BD-DSWPD diagnosis was associated with poorer self-reported sleep quality, lower sleep efficiency, higher wake after sleep onset, and later acrophase compared to both HC and BD-Control groups. BD-DSWPD was also associated with lower relative amplitude compared to HC. Regarding sustained attention variables, the diagnosis of BD-DSWPD was associated with increased response times compared to HC, while both BD-DSWPD and BD-Control were associated with major lapses than HC. LimitationsSample size and multivariate statistics not adjusted for pharmacological treatment. ConclusionsPatients with BD-DSWPD showed greater disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythm parameters compared to both HC and BD-Controls; moreover, BD-DSWPD showed increased response times compared to HC. Further studies are required to evaluate whether treatments focused on advancing the sleep phase may contribute to improving cognition, sleep, and circadian rhythmicity in patients with BD and comorbid DSWPD.

The Public Perception of the Existence of Coal Mines in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Background and Objectives: The coal mining business is a source of foreign exchange for the country, but it is also thought to have a negative impact on the environment, therefore its continued existence can lead to a variety of public perceptions, both positive and negative. The purpose of this study is to ascertain public perceptions of the coal mining industry's existence and operational implications.&#x0D; Methods: The survey approach was used in this study to obtain information from respondents. Questions were posed using interviews, questionnaires, and secondary data.&#x0D; Results: The community leadership structure in the study area is that 35 respondents (48%) follow non-formal leadership, while 38 respondents (52%) follow formal leadership. Most community conflicts are usually triggered by land boundary disputes (38%), and complaints are not responded to (38%), and are resolved by consensus deliberation. Community responses to the impact of coal transportation are health problems (52%), the impact of the presence of coal mines is an increase in the economy (54%), disruption to public roads (66%), noise (66%), and air quality (72%). Coal hauling activities also have an impact on improving business prospects, namely 10% of respondents stated significant (high), 66% moderate, and 24% none. while for the criteria for increasing income, 16% of respondents stated an increase of 62%, a small increase, and 22% did not report. The environmental disturbance parameter stated that 60% of respondents felt disturbed and 40% did not. Environmental management activities on the impact of coal mining operations are 20% of respondents stating good, 34% abstaining and 22% not good.&#x0D; Conclusion: Community development and empowerment programs around the mine site must be implemented properly, and mine exploration permit holders must strictly adhere to the environmental impact analysis document and environmental management monitoring plan approved by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Statistical Properties of Alfvén Ion Cyclotron Waves and Kinetic Alfvén Waves in the Inner Heliosphere

Alfvén ion cyclotron waves (ACWs) and kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are found to exist at <0.3 au observed by Parker Solar Probe in Alfvénic slow solar winds. To examine the statistical properties of the background parameters for ACWs and KAWs and related wave disturbances, both wave events observed by Parker Solar Probe are selected and analyzed. The results show that there are obvious differences in the background and disturbance parameters between ACWs and KAWs. ACW events have a relatively higher occurrence rate but with a total duration slightly shorter than KAW events. The median background magnetic field magnitude and the related background solar wind speed of KAW events are larger than those of ACWs. The distributions of the relative disturbances of the proton velocity, proton temperature, the proton number density, and β cover wider ranges for ACW events than for KAW events. The results may be important for the understanding of the nature and characteristics of Alfvénic slow solar wind fluctuations at ion scales near the Sun, and provide the information of the background field and plasma parameters and the wave disturbances of ACWs and KAWs for further relevant theoretical modeling or numerical simulations.

Product Development of Baked Soya and Makhana Cookies with Hypolipidemic Properties

Disturbed lipid profile refers to the abundance or lack of lipoprotein component which is a repercussion of ruined and impaired lipoprotein metabolism involving degraded levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, non high density, low density and high density lipoproteins. Scientific studies have proven that nutrition has a pivotal role in the management of hyperlipidemia. Keeping this in view, a research project was planned to develop the soya and makhana baked goods with hypolipidemic properties. Present study was performed on product development, sensory evaluation, standardization and nutritional calculation of baked soya and makhana cookies enriched with hypolipidemic mixture so as to nutritionally improve the disturbed lipid parameters. Hypolipidemic nutritional mixture was developed using chia seeds, almonds, wheat bran and mango seed powder. Baked soya and makhana cookies were enriched using developed hypolipidemic nutritional mixture at different incorporation levels. These products were tested for their suitability using 9 point hedonic scale and nutritional value was calculated using RDA 2020 and IFCT 2017. The most acceptable mean sensory scores of baked soya and whole wheat cookies enriched with hypolipidemic mixture at 12 and 15% incorporation levels were 7.75±0.75 and 7.59±0.91 respectively. Statistically, baked cookies with hypolipidemic properties had significant higher content of dietary fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid. Baked soya and makhana cookies with hypolipidemic properties had high level of nutrients which are scientifically responsible for nutritionally managing and improving the perturbed lipid parameters accompanied by acceptable organoleptic scores.

Dynamic performance analysis of transcritical power cycle with preheater and regenerator using CO2-based binary zeotropic mixtures

The CO2 transcritical Rankine cycle is considered as an ideal solution in the application of waste heat recovery due to its safety, environmental friendliness and compactness characteristics. In this work, for the heat recovery from internal combustion engine, a dynamic model of an improved CO2 transcritical Rankine cycle system containing both a preheater and regenerator with CO2-based binary zeotropic mixtures as working fluid is developed. The performance of CO2 transcritical power cycle with preheater and regenerator was compared and analyzed for mixture working fluids with different proportions under the disturbance of heat source conditions and system input parameters, which can provide references for system control strategy to ensure efficient and stable operating conditions when selecting control variables. The results show that there is a certain pump speed to obtain the optimal value of the net output work and thermal efficiency of the system. And the net output power and thermal efficiency of system with CO2-based binary zeotropic mixtures at optimum point are higher 6. 34 kW and 2.19% respectively than pure CO2 as working fluid by adjusting pump speed.

The Analysis of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Associated with the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 Earthquake

Taking the Luding Ms6.8 earthquake (EQ) on 5 September 2022 as a case study, we investigated the potential seismic anomalies of the ionosphere, infrared radiation, atmospheric electrostatic field (AEF), and hot spring ions in the seismogenic region. Firstly, we analyzed the multi-parameter anomalies in the ionosphere around the epicenter and found synchronous anomalous disturbances in the ground parameters, namely the global ionospheric map (GIM), GPS, TEC, and satellite parameters, such as the He+ and O+ densities on 26 August under relatively quiet solar–geomagnetic conditions (F10.7 &lt; 120 SFU; Kp &lt; 3; Dst &gt; −30 nT; |AE| &lt; 500 nT). Next, both the anomaly analysis of the infrared radiation and AEF, and the survey results of the Luding EQ scientific expedition on the hot spring ions showed pre-seismic anomalous variations at different time periods in the seismogenic region. The characteristics of Earth’s multi-sphere coupling anomalies in temporal evolution and spatial distribution were obvious, which validated the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism. Finally, combining the analysis results and the LAIC mechanism, we suggested that the multi-sphere coupling anomalies were more likely associated with the Luding Ms6.8 EQ, and that the differential motion and the regional crustal stress accumulation between the Chuandian block and the Bayan Har block might have led to this EQ. Furthermore, remote sensing and ground-based monitoring technologies can play an important role in corroborating and compensating each other, while further study of the multi-sphere coupling mechanism will provide a clearer understanding of the seismogenic process for major EQs.

Chattering attenuation analysis in variable structure control for automatic voltage regulator with input constraints

The present paper deals with the chattering attenuation analysis in Variable Structure Control (VSC) for Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR). As the VSC suffers from the chattering phenomenon, the performances of the soft switching functions are investigated. Signum, saturation, tangent hyperbolic, and fractional approximation functions are used in the proposed controller, and optimum controller parameters are found out separately with Sine Cosine Algorithm. In the definition of the objective function, the overshoot of the step response is restricted by 0.5%. Since every real system has input constraints, the control input and the exciter of the linear AVR model are limited by the direction of IEEE recommendations. It is observed that the calculated control inputs are cropped at the upper and lower limits of the control input. Identical robustness measurements to the previous studies are performed, and the results are compared to each other. While the signum-based switching control exhibits undesirable oscillation, the smooth functions contribute highly acceptable control input. Among the soft switching functions, the tangent hyperbolic and saturation functions are more prominent concerning the disturbance rejection and parameter uncertainties.

Control Method of HTS Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine With a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer

The high temperature superconducting (HTS) permanent magnet synchronous machine (HTS-PMSM) uses the HTS armature winding instead of the copper armature winding, having higher torque density and higher efficiency and showing a great application prospect. Although the mathematical analysis model of the HTS-PMSM is similar as that of the conventional PMSM with the copper armature winding, as the load current increases, the stator core of the HTS-PMSM is more likely to be saturated, the inductance of quadrature-axis and direct-axis will be reduced. That leads that the power density and overload capacity of the HTS-PMSM will be affected, the control performance of the controller will be reduced as well. In order to solve the problem of the great change of the inductance values with the load variation, this paper proposes a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) to estimate the disturbance of inductance parameter caused by the core saturation of the HTS-PMSM and builds a compensation strategy, combining with robust sliding mode control (SMC) to improve the stability of the speed and torque of the HTS-PMSM. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by the combination method of the finite element analysis and Matlab/Simulink simulation.

Study of Characteristics and Management of Drainage Problems in Ubud District

Ubud District is one of the tourism areas in Bali which is growing very rapidly. Ubud District has problems related to inundation and flooding which often occur during the rainy season. The drainage canals cannot accommodate the peak flood discharge. Because the capacity of the channel is insufficient, besides the influence of sediment and garbage, water overflows through the freeboard of the channel. This study aims to determine the characteristics of inundation and drainage in Ubud District. Primary and secondary data are used in this study which will then be used in data analysis. The analytical method used are field survey, identification of inundation and flood locations, inventory of existing drainage system, hydrology and hydraulics analysis, and drainage network planning. The result is 27 inundation locations were found in Ubud District. The inundation locations included 5 points in Lodtunduh Village, 3 points in Mas Village, 2 points in Peliatan Village, 5 points in Petulu Village, 2 points in Sayan Village, and 10 points in Ubud Village. The duration of the inundation that occurs is a minimum of 15 minutes and a maximum of 360 minutes. The height of the inundation that occurs is 12 – 50 cm with an inundation area of 0.032 – 4.67 ha and an inundation length of 12 – 2.309 m. The frequency of inundation is 3 to 10 times per year. Parameters for determining priority for drainage management based on priority scale are determined based on the characteristic parameters of inundation, economic losses, social disturbances and government facilities, transportation disturbances, and losses in residential areas. The recommendations given include normalizing the existing canal with river stone pairs of the required size that are more adequate to accommodate water discharge, especially during rains; making diversion channel with precast box culvert with the required size; and construction of new channels equipped with inlet drains per segment as entry points for inundation on the roads into the drainage channels.

Trajectory tracking of two-stage anaerobic digestion process: A predictive control with guaranteed performance and saturated input, based on ultra-local model

To address the robust output feedback tracking problem for total outflow rate of two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) process with input saturation, a novel performance guaranteed ultra-local model (ULM)-based predictive control (PG-ULMPC) is proposed. First, model of the two-stage AD process is considered which presents the characteristics of the production rate of hydrogen and methane. Then, a new control strategy is developed, which relies only on input/output data and does not require any model knowledge of two-stage AD process. Based on ULM, the designed PG-ULMPC strategy consists of time-delay estimation (TDE), prescribed performance function (PPF) as well as predictive control using feedback correction (FC). The ULM is utilized to approximate the complex model of two-stage AD process in a short sliding time window and simplify controller design. The TDE is employed to estimate the lumped disturbance. The PPF guarantees that the tracking error is limited within the performance bounds whose convergence time and precision can be artificially preset. The predictive control using FC stabilizes the closed-loop system and provides saturated control input. To demonstrate the PG-ULMPC performances, numerical simulations of two-stage AD process in presence of unknown parameter disturbances with nonlinear Proportional–Integral (PI) controller, with ULMPC and with PG-ULMPC are realized by using Matlab/Simulink. The obtained results illustrate the better performance of the proposed PG-ULMPC strategy. Moreover, under the measurement noise, by using filtered derivative technique, the proposed method can still achieve satisfactory performance and has little control chattering.

Study on Shear Behavior and Mechanism Based on Shear Functional Unit of Loess Microstructure

The structural specificity and hydrological sensitivity of loess have a strong impact on its long-term stability and safety. This topic is being actively researched and focuses on the macromechanical behavior of the shear strength of loess disturbed and its micromechanisms from the perspective of the dry–wet cycle (especially involving soluble salt erosion). In this paper, the correlation between micro-structural shear functional units and macroscopic degradation behavior was established by combining the changes in physicochemical properties of mass loss, surface cracking, strength deterioration, and structural disturbance of the loess with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopic images in different dry–wet cycles and different salt contents. Results revealed that with the increase in dry–wet cycles and salt content, the mass loss of soil deteriorated and the surface crack rate increased. The cohesion of soil showed an overall decreasing trend, which decreased more obviously in the early stage of the dry–wet cycle, followed by a slow decrease, and tended to be constant after nine dry–wet cycles. However, the internal friction angle increased and then decreased during the whole cycle, and its value generally changed little. According to the deterioration and decay of shear strength, it can be concluded that the structural disturbance of loess increased with the increase in dry–wet cycles and salt content. At the same time, further linear quantization fitting of the structural disturbance parameters showed that the structural parameters had a positive correlation with salt content and a power function with dry–wet cycles, where dry–wet cycles seemed to play a dominant role in the loess structural deterioration rather than salt content. The microscopic study demonstrates that the dry–wet cycles and salt content do not directly affect the cohesion and internal friction angle of soil but change the basic shear structural unit of aggregate and then cause an essential impact on c and φ, which in turn have an essential impact on soil strength attenuation. This paper not only helps to elucidate the essence of water–soil–salt structural interactions but also provides theoretical references for sustainable development research in environmental engineering, geological engineering, and other related fields.

Variations in Microcirculatory and Hemodynamic Parameters during Oncological Demolitive-Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery: A Protocol for an Observational Study.

(1) Background: Oncological demolitive-reconstructive surgeries in the head and neck region cause significant stress on patients' biohumoural, cardiac, and vascular systems, leading to disturbances in macrocirculatory and microcirculatory parameters. Traditional monitoring addresses the symptoms, but not the underlying cause. Microcirculatory assessments complement macrocirculatory monitoring, and bladder-catheter-based technology offers a better representation of central microcirculation. Flap reconstruction surgeries involve demolitive and reconstructive phases, requiring optimal tissue perfusion. The literature lacks a consensus on macro-microcirculation coupling, and there is no agreement on the use of vasopressors during head and neck surgeries. Evidence-based guidelines are lacking, resulting in variations in vasopressor administration. (2) Methods: This is a 12-month observational, prospective study conducted in a single center. It aims to evaluate the impact of macro-microcirculation coupling on clinical complications in head and neck surgery. All consecutive patients undergoing oncologic surgery requiring flap reconstruction and meeting the inclusion criteria will be enrolled. The study will utilize standard hemodynamic monitoring and bladder catheterization for measuring urine output and temperature. (3) Conclusions: The study aims to evaluate the coupling of macro- and microcirculation in head and neck surgeries, assess hemodynamic parameters and microcirculatory changes, and investigate their association with postoperative complications. The results can enhance patient care and surgical outcomes.

Berberine Reduces Lipid Accumulation in Obesity via Mediating Transcriptional Function of PPARδ.

Obesity is defined as a dampness-heat syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. Coptidis Rhizoma is an herb used to clear heat and eliminate dampness in obesity and its complications. Berberine (BBR), the main active compound in Coptidis Rhizoma, shows anti-obesity effects. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that regulate the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and adipogenesis. However, whether PPARs are involved in the anti-obesity effect of BBR remains unclear. As such, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of PPARs in BBR treatment on obesity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that BBR produced a dose-dependent regulation of the levels of PPARγ and PPARδ but not PPARα. The results of gene silencing and specific antagonist treatment demonstrated that PPARδ is key to the effect of BBR. In 3T3L1 preadipocytes, BBR reduced lipid accumulation; in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, BBR reduced weight gain and white adipose tissue mass and corrected the disturbed biochemical parameters, including lipid levels and inflammatory and oxidative markers. Both the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of BBR were reversed by the presence of a specific antagonist of PPARδ. The results of a mechanistic study revealed that BBR could activate PPARδ in both 3T3L1 cells and HFD mice, as evidenced by the significant upregulation of PPARδ endogenous downstream genes. After activating by BBR, the transcriptional functions of PPARδ were invoked, exhibiting negative regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpα) and Pparγ promoters and positive mediation of heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1) promoter. In summary, this is the first report of a novel anti-obesity mechanism of BBR, which was achieved through the PPARδ-dependent reduction in lipid accumulation.

Effect of Curcumin towards Metabolic Disturbance Parameters in Patient with PCOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Preclinical Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecologic and endocrine disorder with metabolic disturbances and infertility as the most common long-term consequences. Curcumin comes up as one of the alternative herbal remedies in PCOS treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of curcumin on metabolic disturbance parameters in PCOS patients and PCOS-modeled rats. Method: A systematic search of eligible studies was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO-Host, and ProQuest according to the PRISMA 2009 guideline. We further assessed for risk of bias using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for preclinical studies and The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for the clinical studies. We used Review Manager (version 5.4) with random effect model to obtain a pooled mean difference with 95% CIs. Results: Five preclinical studies and three clinical studies were selected and pooled. The significant decrease in the level of Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Fasting Insulin (FI), lipid profile, and Homeostatic Model of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) value, and a significant increase in Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) value found in preclinical studies. The result for clinical studies showed a significantly decreased HOMA-IR values (SMD=-0.36, p=0.001), FPG level (SMD=-3.32, p=0.0001), Serum Insulin level (SMD=-1.47, p=0.002), and increased QUICKI value (SMD=0.01, p=0.006). Conclusion: Curcumin offers a substantial effect on metabolic disturbance parameters in PCOS patients and could be an alternative promising treatment for PCOS patients in the future.Pengaruh Kurkuma terhadap Parameter Gangguan Metabolik pada Pasien SOPK: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Meta-Analisis Uji Acak Preklinis dan Klinis TerkontrolAbstrakTujuan: Sindrom Ovarian Polikistik (PCOS) merupakan suatu kelainan ginekologi dan endokrin dengan gangguan metabolisme dan infertilitas sebagai konsekuensi jangka panjang yang paling umum ditemukan. Kurkumin muncul sebagai salah satu pengobatan herbal alternatif dalam pilihan terapi PCOS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki efek terapeutik kurkumin terhadap parameter gangguan metabolik pada pasien PCOS dan model tikus yang mengalami PCOS.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencari studi penelitian yang memenuhi syarat menggunakan PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO-Host, dan ProQuest mengikuti PRISMA 2009. Penilaian risiko bias studi menggunakan SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool untuk penelitian preklinis dan The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool untuk penelitian klinis. Sintesis kuantitatifmenggunakan Review Manager (versi 5.4) dengan random effect model untuk mendapatkan pooled mean difference dengan interval kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Sebanyak lima studi penelitian preklinis dan tiga studi penelitian klinis memenuhi kriteria. Terdapat penurunan signifikan kadar gula darah puasa, insulin puasa, profil lipid, dan nilai HOMA-IR, serta peningkatan nilai QUICKI pada studi preklinis. Pada studi klinis menunjukkan penurunan nilai HOMA-IR (SMD=-0,36, p=0,001), gula darah puasa (SMD=-3,32, p=0,0001), insulin serum (SMD=-1,47, p=0,002), dan peningkatan nilai QUICKI (SMD=0,01, p=0,006).Kesimpulan: Curcumin dapat memberikan efek terapeutik terhadap parameter gangguan metabolik pasien PCOS dan menjadi salah satu tatalaksana alternatif pasien PCOS di masa depan.Kata kunci: kurkuma; gula darah puasa; sindrom ovarium polikistik.

Effect of Curcumin towards Metabolic Disturbance Parameters in Patient with PCOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Preclinical Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecologic and endocrine disorder with metabolic disturbances and infertility as the most common long-term consequences. Curcumin comes up as one of the alternative herbal remedies in PCOS treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of curcumin on metabolic disturbance parameters in PCOS patients and PCOS-modeled rats. Method: A systematic search of eligible studies was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO-Host, and ProQuest according to the PRISMA 2009 guideline. We further assessed for risk of bias using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for preclinical studies and The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for the clinical studies. We used Review Manager (version 5.4) with random effect model to obtain a pooled mean difference with 95% CIs. Results: Five preclinical studies and three clinical studies were selected and pooled. The significant decrease in the level of Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Fasting Insulin (FI), lipid profile, and Homeostatic Model of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) value, and a significant increase in Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) value found in preclinical studies. The result for clinical studies showed a significantly decreased HOMA-IR values (SMD=-0.36, p=0.001), FPG level (SMD=-3.32, p=0.0001), Serum Insulin level (SMD=-1.47, p=0.002), and increased QUICKI value (SMD=0.01, p=0.006). Conclusion: Curcumin offers a substantial effect on metabolic disturbance parameters in PCOS patients and could be an alternative promising treatment for PCOS patients in the future.