Design Parameters Of Model Research Articles

Directive transportation in smart cities with line connectivity at distinctive points using mode control algorithm

This article examines the operational functionality of intelligent transport systems to enhance smart cities by reducing traffic congestion. Given the increasing populations of smart cities, there is a growing demand for public transit systems to address the issue of traffic congestion. Therefore, the suggested system is developed using a few parametric design models, which combine point-to-point protocol and mode control optimization. The multi-objective parametric design for a smart transportation system is conducted using min–max functions to minimize the waiting time period for end users. Furthermore, customers are given the option to utilize a line following mechanism that offers suitable connectivity, along with independent identification and revitalize functions. The predicted model effectively eliminates the delay produced by transportation devices when positioning units are involved, ensuring that individual messages are delivered without any interruptions. In order to evaluate the results of the proposed system model, four different scenarios were examined. A comparison analysis revealed that the suggested method achieves a suitable directional flow for 96% of smart transport units. Additionally, it reduces delays and waiting periods by 2% and 6% respectively, while increasing energy consumption by 29%.

Reducing embodied carbon with material optimization in structural engineering practice: Perceived barriers and opportunities

Structural engineers play an essential role in reducing embodied carbon emissions in buildings, which contribute significantly to global carbon emissions. In this work, 39 structural engineers primarily from the Northeastern US are surveyed on how embodied carbon is reduced in practice, particularly through computational tools that facilitate material efficiency (e.g. parametric design models and structural optimization tools). Leading barriers to embodied carbon reductions are identified as: (i) lack of awareness of how to quantify embodied carbon or reduce it, (ii) perception of increased costs, and (iii) lack of power in relation to other project stakeholders. The use of computational tools is found to be primarily inhibited by increased design time and costs. These results highlight opportunities to overcome these barriers, such as increasing awareness of strategies to reduce embodied carbon and targeting time and cost (or perceived time and cost) in computational design workflows for structural engineers.

A CASE STUDY: INTELLIGENT SHADING RETROFIT TO EXISTING HOME-OFFICE USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION

ABSTRACT Improved energy performance and occupant comfort are driving building design decisions due to the increasing demand for sustainable and green buildings. However, despite the variety of technological developments in other fields, the range of solutions to improve building performance is limited. One of the main limitations for an early designer is a performance evaluation method to facilitate the design process. This paper offers a new shading performance optimization process that can help designers evaluate both daylighting and energy performance and generate optimized and flexible designs that can be further improved by implementing user-specific automation. The proposed performance optimization method utilizes parametric design, building simulation models, and Genetic Algorithms. Common shading design systems are explored through parametric design, and daylighting and energy modeling simulations are performed to evaluate shading device performance. Genetic Algorithms are used to identify design options with optimal energy and daylighting performance. A case study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the overall process. Results are used to analyze the influence of design decisions among different shading designs. Finally, future directions in both shading design and energy optimization are presented.

A Parametric Modelling Approach for Energy Retrofitting Heritage Buildings: The Case of Amsterdam City Centre

The city of Amsterdam has ambitious goals to achieve a 95% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050 and to phase out natural gas by 2040. Disconnecting the building stock from natural gas requires well-ventilated and well-insulated buildings and a switch to renewable energy sources, making optimal use of heat pumps and sustainable heating solutions available locally. Most buildings in the historical city centre are protected and often insufficiently insulated, leading to increased energy use and a poor thermal environment. Standard retrofitting interventions may be restricted, requiring new approaches to balancing the need for energy efficiency and the preservation of heritage significance. With the case of the Amsterdam City Centre, the goal of this research is to present a parametric modelling approach for energy retrofitting heritage buildings and to identify minimum requirements for preparing the residential stock to lower temperature heat (LTH). Using parametric design and bottom-up energy modelling, the research estimates that a 69.1% of natural gas reduction could be achieved when upgrading the buildings to lower temperature (LT). Results of this paper also demonstrate how the applied approach can be used to guide decisions on the improvement in energy performance of the historic built environment.

Spray-based 3D concrete printing parameter design model: Actionable insight for high printing quality

A spray-based 3D concrete printing parameter design model to design and optimize printable concrete is proposed. The effects of different relatable printing parameters, such as nozzle travel speed (V), spray nozzle diameter (A), and spray standoff distance (D) on spray-based 3D printability and printing quality are investigated systematically. The hydration mechanism of spray-based 3D printed concrete is then explored in terms of mechanical performance, layer moisture content, micromorphology, and pore structure. The experimental results show that the printing quality of the printed concrete can be effectively improved by optimizing the relatable printing parameters. Based on the three key printing performance indexes of layer thickness, surface flatness, and rebound rate, the spray-based 3D concrete printing parameters design model β = f(V,A,D) is proposed. In the high-precision zone of β [0.7,1], the printing parameter V70A8D60 (β = 0.71) is selected to further verify the effectiveness of the model. It shows that the spray-based 3D printing process with appropriate printing parameters ensures the excellent hydration process of the printed concrete. Compared with those of the cast counterpart, the flexural, compressive, and splitting strengths of spray-based 3D printed V70A8D60 specimens increase by 5.67–14.48 %, 15.79–29.79 %, and 19.95–37.27 %, respectively. Further, high-pressure spraying in the spray-based 3D printing process optimizes the pore structure of the printed concrete with a 69.4 % decrease in total porosity. An “Olympic rings” convex structure with different accuracy grade parameters in the β model is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility and practical applicability of the currently proposed parametric design model.

Cost-effective concrete fabrication for large irregularly shaped architectural structures

The integration of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology offers infinite possibilities and a wider palette of geometries for traditional concrete materials. This paper presents a pipeline for 3DCP by optimizing the material used in an irregularly shaped PETG formwork to ensure sufficient stiffness under dynamic loading conditions, while reducing the supporting equipment and costs in the manufacturing industry. The developed framework was validated through a case study that fabricated a concrete wall using a six-axis industrial robotic arm with a custom 3D printing system and parametric design modeling. Comprehensive failure analysis and numerical prediction performance were conducted to validate the proposed pipeline's viability. The formwork reinforcement process encourages smart manufacturing automation and customization, improving production precision. The presented insights offer exciting challenges and inspiration for future manufacturing industries.

BIM-centered high-speed railway line design for full infrastructure lifecycle

In the field of civil engineering, specifically within railway projects, the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become imperative. However, the sector's adherence to traditional methods for infrastructure design and management has delayed the widespread adoption of BIM. This paper describes a BIM-centered methodology applied to a real-world High-Speed Railway Line (HSRL) project. Through an extensive examination of HSRL design parameters and the integration of various BIM-based tools, a 3D parametric design model is generated. This model serves as the foundation for evaluating up to five design alternatives, considering technical and economic aspects. Furthermore, a degradation model is proposed to assess alternative performance over the infrastructure's full lifecycle under specific rail traffic assumptions. This facilitates a rapid evaluation of alignment design's impact on maintenance costs. The paper draws two main conclusions with potential benefits for both private companies and railway administrations: Firstly, BIM proves feasible and advantageous despite some interoperability challenges, highlighting the need for continued advancements in BIM software compatibility. Secondly, the proposed approach can potentially lead to up to 40% cost savings in maintenance for railway administrations.

Fast three-dimensional simulation based on data constraints and methods to improve the realism of knitted sweaters

The purpose of this research is to use the methods of data constraints for parametric design and three-dimensional simulation of knitted sweaters to achieve the purpose of enhancing the simulation effect. First, based on the basic plates of knitted sweaters as a reference, the parameters of the curve parts of the plates were constrained, and the constraint relationships were applied to build the parametric design models. After entering the user parameters, the changed plates can be obtained. On this basis, the transformation of flat plates to three-dimensional surfaces was carried out. The triangular grid mapping relationships between two-dimensional plates and three-dimensional surfaces were constructed, and the physical properties were further specified for the mesh particles. When the surface texture parameters of the two-dimensional plane are designed, the three-dimensional surface will change accordingly. In addition, this research put forward the stitching and matching methods of the seams of knitted sweaters. The joint size was equally divided, and the number of coils was converted into the number of triangular mesh. Point-to-point mesh was used to realize the accurate counterpoint fusion of coils. The feasibility of parametric and virtual design methods was verified by taking an example, which provides ideas for the computer-aided design of knitted sweaters and promotes the improvement of production efficiency without wasting raw materials.

Real-time assessment of tunnelling-induced damage to structures within the building information modelling framework

During the initial design phases of complex multi-disciplinary systems such as urban tunnelling, the appraisal of different design alternatives can ensure optimal designs in terms of costs, construction time, and safety. To enable the evaluation of a large number of design scenarios and to find an optimal solution that minimises impact of tunnelling on existing structures, the design and assessment process must be efficient, yet provide a holistic view of soil-structure interaction effects. This paper proposes an integrated tunnel design tool for the initial design phases to predict the ground settlements induced by tunnelling and building damage using empirical and analytical solutions as well as simulation-based meta models. Furthermore, visualisation of ground settlements and building damage risk is enabled by integrating empirical and analytical models within our Building Information Modelling (BIM) framework for tunnelling. This approach allows for near real-time assessment of structural damage induced by settlements with consideration of soil-structure interaction and non-linear material behaviour. Furthermore, because this approach is implemented on a BIM platform for tunnelling, first, the design can be optimised directly in the design environment, thus eliminating errors in data exchange between designers and computational analysts. Secondly, the effect of tunnelling on existing structures can be effectively visualised within the BIM by producing risk-maps and visualising the scaled deformation field, which allows for a more intuitive understanding of design actions and for collaborative design. Having a fully parametric design model and real-time predictions therefore enables the assessment and visualisation of tunneling-induced damage for large tunnel sections and multiple structures in an effective and computationally efficient way.

The Effect of Parametric Design on the Reconstruction of Cultures within the Context of Jakobson's Communication Model

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of parametric design on cultural architectural works within the framework of Roman Jakobson's model of communication. The study will focus on how the use of parametric design is handled as a source of form in contemporary architecture, how it affects the way cultural buildings are perceived and how they communicate their cultural significance. In addition, the other aim of the research is to examine how social culture and architecture, which are both means of communication, can be re-established in a contemporary way through parametric design. Within the framework of Jakobson's communication model, the relationship between the five functions of communication and architecture will be analysed, and then the relation between this relationship and parametric design will be established. In this context, the cultural impact of parametric design will also be examined around four of the five basic functions of Jakobson's communication model, and how parametric design contributes to the process of cultural communication and message creation will be discussed. The research methodology includes a literature review on parametric design, cultural constructs and Jakobson's communication model. In addition, a case study approach will be used to examine the impact of parametric design on the cultural architectures of societies. In this context, "Sunac Guangzhou Theatre" from China, which reconsiders its ancient culture shaped by geography with western culture through contemporary architecture, will be taken as a sample building. The use of parametric design tools will be analysed in the creation of the design concept and cultural quality of the building. In the conclusion and evaluation section, the evaluation of the cultural impact of parametric design through Jakobson's communication model will be evaluated through a table, and the positive contributions of parametric design to the cultural visions of societies in contemporary form will be summarised.

Development of a model for determination of preloads on blade shrouds

The article presents a digital model for calculating the change in the angles of incidence of compressor rotor wheel blades that characterize tightness. The input parameters for the model are the geometric deviations of the disc slots and blades of the set. The calculation is based on the modeling of joints using the finite element method. To automate the modeling, a parametric design model of the blade created in the CAD module of the NX program is used; a calculation automation program created in the MATLAB environment and an algorithm for converting deformations at points obtained in finite element method into angles. The initial data and the resulting parameter values are stored in spreadsheets. Experimental studies have been carried out, including measurements of the disk and blades of the impeller, their assembly and measurement of interference. A Gaussian filter was applied to process the results of angle measurements. The tightness of the set under consideration was calculated using the developed model. The results showed that the limiting simulation error amounts to 16% of the value of experimental data; the index of correlation between the simulated and experimental data was 0.71.

Exploring the potential of iron powder as fuel on the design and performance of container ships

This article examines the potential implications of using iron powder as an alternative fuel on the design and performance of container ships. Iron powder is a relatively new alternative energy carrier and one in which little research has been done into the application on-board vessels as part of the maritime energy transition. The key benefits of iron powder are that it is a circular energy carrier and the combustion process emits no greenhouse gases. Transitioning to iron powder is expected to have far reaching implications for the design and performance of ships. Thus, this paper aims to perform the first study assessing the potential of this concept applied to container ships. To do so, a preliminary design space was explored with a custom parametric design model developed to generate preliminary designs of iron fuelled container ships as a function of the operational profile. Using this parametric design model, it was identified that iron fuelled container ships are weight limited, unlike conventionally fuelled container vessels. Furthermore, iron fuelled container ships are best suited for short voyages at low cruising speed. For these voyages, it was concluded that iron fuelled ships are economically feasible; however, other alternative marine fuels are likely more profitable than iron due to the low efficiency of iron fuelled ships and the high cost of iron per unit energy.

Comparisons of Emotional Responses, Flow Experiences, and Operational Performances in Traditional Parametric Computer-Aided Design Modeling and Virtual-Reality Free-Form Modeling

Three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) is a vital tool for visualizing design ideas. While conventional parametric CAD modeling is commonly used, emerging virtual reality (VR) applications in 3D CAD modeling require further exploration. This study contrasts the emotional response, flow experience, and operational performance of design novices using VR free-form modeling (Gravity Sketch 3D) and conventional parametric CAD modeling (SolidWorks). We arranged two representative tasks for 30 participants: modeling an exact geometric shape (a cube) and a creative shape (a mug). We measured emotional response and flow experience through scales, and gathered operational performance, and further insights through semistructured interviews. The findings reveal more positive and intense emotional responses to VR free-form modeling, but its overall flow experience did not exceed expectations. No significant differences were found in concentration, time distortion sense, or control between the two techniques. Comparing modeling tasks, VR free-form modeling showed promising operational performance for early ideation, whereas conventional parametric CAD modeling proved to be more effective in 3D digitization of known shapes.

Analysis and modeling of the tip leakage flow on the performance of small-scale turbopumps for ORC applications

• An automated design model is developed to generate impeller geometries suitable for organic Rankine cycles. • The influence of tip clearance is investigated and modeled. • At high blade outlet angles, the effects of tip clearance and flow rate on the slip factor diminish. • The head rise decreases with the tip clearance ratio. • Feedforward neural networks are trained to model the slip factor and head loss coefficient of unshrouded centrifugal pumps. In this paper, the influence of tip clearance on the performance of small-scale turbopumps is studied numerically on extensive parameter ranges suitable for organic Rankine cycle applications. A novel and fully parameterized design model is developed and used to generate a wide range of turbopumps and their fluid domains to carry out three-dimensional computations across the impeller stage. Impellers are investigated at different operating conditions, and the accomplished results are analyzed to characterize the performance at design and off-design conditions. The CFD calculations demonstrate that the slip factor is dependent not only on its geometrical parameters, as considered by most correlations, but also on its operating conditions. The slip factor decreased almost linearly as the flow rate increased. In addition, the tip clearance ratio influences the slip factor, and its influence is non-linear. The head rise decreases as the tip clearance ratios increase. However, for radial impellers, a higher head rise was observed for small tip clearance ratios (<0.10). The numerical data is employed to infer reduced-order models for considering the tip clearance effect in the early-phase design process of small-scale turbopumps. The models predict the CFD data with an average relative deviation of 3.6 % and 5.8 % for the slip factor and the head loss coefficient, respectively.

Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Performance of Building Exterior Wall Based on Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm

A complete evaluation of conflicting and nonlinear multiperformance is referred to as an evaluation system. Therefore, multiobjective optimization research for building performance is of great importance. Considering the above problems, this paper proposes a multiobjective performance optimization platform at the architectural design stage. The optimization research is combined with the basic algorithms. It is based on Grasshopper software. It aims to provide a fast and effective method for the optimization design of sustainable buildings. It is important to note that this workflow has no restrictions on what to optimize for or what to target, and can be determined on a case-by-case basis. To evaluate the use of the work platform and make the research results more extensive, the standard model of the inner corridor space building in office buildings in cold areas was extracted. The extracted standard model was taken as the final research object. At the same time, the convergence, distribution, and comprehensive evaluation indexes of the simulation results were analyzed. The quantitative influence parameter system of window parameters on the total building energy consumption, lighting uniformity, and glare probability was established. A series of parametric design models based on the comprehensive optimal solution of building energy consumption and lighting quality was obtained. The main purpose of this paper is to design a green building design method based on the principle of goal-oriented design. This paper, combined with the group search function of nondominated genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), the energy consumption of the building, and the evaluation function of indoor thermal and humid environment, is obtained and linked with MATLAB. The energy consumption of residential buildings and indoor thermal comfort were taken as the optimization objectives of the design scheme. The automatic optimization model of the architectural design scheme was established. Finally, the Pareto solution set of the architectural design scheme is obtained, and the designer can select the appropriate design scheme of the Pareto solution set according to the actual situation of the project, to meet the requirements of green building design. The design scheme optimized by this method can effectively reduce building energy consumption and improve indoor thermal comfort.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ МОДЕЛИ ПРОЦЕССА ДВУСТОРОННЕЙ ТОРЦЕШЛИФОВАЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ

The paper is devoted to the development of methodological foundations of digital models of two-sided face grinding treatment. The study objective is further increase in the effectiveness of work preparation of two-sided face grinding in the conditions of automated and digital manufacture. At the present stage of the development of mechanical engineering and computerized manufacture the technological parameters of adjustment and cutting modes of metalworking systems should be determined not by reference data, but as a result of simulation modeling of treatment processes taking into account all actual technological factors of influence. The problem to which the paper is devoted is the search for solutions to the problems of ensuring the correctness of mathematical and computer models being developed, adequate consideration of dominant factors, correct representation in the digital form of treatment process of patterns, relationships and constraints taking place based on the methods of structural parametric analysis and simulation modeling. These problems can be solved only on the basis of a systematic approach to the treatment and the development of methodological foundations for creating its digital model, which is the subject of research in the presented paper in relation to two-sided face treatment (FT). The following things are proposed: an algorithm of structural and parametric FT design, a structural and functional model of workpiece forming, objects and connections of technological interaction in FT, which together are the methodological foundations for the virtual FT presentation and have signs of scientific novelty. The results of virtual FT of cylindrical rollers in production conditions and the technical settings of the machine found on the basis of the stated methodological recommendations show that the required values of the dominant shape errors and the relative position of the treated surfaces are provided within the specified constrains. Conclusions: the provisions given in the paper and the model environment can be used in the development of an automated system for technological FT preparation in the conditions of digital production.

Research on Parametric Design and Feature Modeling of Freight Ropeway Running Car of Transmission Line

To improve the freight ropeway components design efficiency, the component structure design is carried out for the components of freight ropeway of transmission line using 3d design software by using parameter modification method. The parametric design and feature modeling of freight ropeway running car is proposed to realize components modelling, and analyse its force conditions to meet the strength requirements. The proposed method can improve the efficiency of freight ropeway structural design.

Study on Trajectory Optimization of Hypersonic Vehicle Based on Neural Network

For the horizontal take-off hypersonic cruise aircraft, research on the combined design method of multi-section was carried out, the main design parameters of different sections were analyzed, the parametric design model of the flight path was established, and the characteristics of the typical flight path were studied. On this basis, the calculation of sample points was carried out, and a prediction model of aircraft range and flight time based on the design parameters of the four main flight sections was established based on the neural network method. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the flight path of the prediction model with the range as the objective function. The research results show that the neural network prediction model based on the parametric design of the trajectory can predict random sample points better than the trajectory model For the prediction of random sample points, compared with the calculation results of the trajectory model, the maximum errors of the flight range and flight time are within 0.82% and 0.45%. The prediction model is optimized with the flight range as the objective function, and the relative error between the optimal range and the trajectory model under the corresponding section parameters is less than 0.2%, which shows that the model established in this paper can better predict the range and flight time according to the section design parameters. Parametric modeling and neural network optimization are feasible methods for aircraft trajectory design and section parameter optimization.

ENVIRONMENTAL LANDSCAPE ART DESIGN USING DYNAMIC NONLINEAR PARAMETERIZATION

For the problem of parametric design of anisotropic curves and cambers in the practical application field of environmental landscape design, in this exploration, the modeling of design object is carried out through computer parametric technology. It is based on the information collection and data extraction of design object and the formulation of logical relationship between parametric variable factors related to design. For nonlinear systems, a necessary condition to judge parameters is proposed. This criterion is a natural extension of the PBH criterion, which makes it easy to identify the parameters of the pseudo-linear system in the generalized case, and avoids a lot of complex operations; at the same time, a parametric design method of dynamic environment landscape is proposed systematically. In the first order, second order, high order and generalized nonlinear model, the complete parametric optimization method of environmental landscape design is established. The [Formula: see text] search function in MATLAB optimization toolbox is used to solve the generalized nonlinear system. The performance of the algorithm is tested by the examples of pseudo velocity, pseudo velocity uniformity and parameter optimization of the parametric curve called by the software environment. The results show that system dynamic process to simulate the dynamic environmental changes in landscape design by using the optimized parameter method is faster than that by using the unoptimized method. Meanwhile, the optimization method in this exploration can reduce the amplitude of change when external factors interfere, which shows that the optimized parametric design model has better transient performance; the curve generated by calling the drawing function provided in this exploration is smoother when the number of drawing points is the same.

A reverse engineering approach for modeling of barely visible impact damage by combining results of non-destructive testing and numerical simulations

An evaluation of the structural residual life for composite elements affected by low-velocity impact loading is a challenging task due to the uncertainty of an influence of the resulting damage on the mechanical properties of a structure, which cannot be truly assessed without destructive testing. To overcome this deficiency, an approach based on reverse engineering was developed. Within this approach the results of non-destructive testing (NDT) are considered, namely the results of X-ray computed tomography as well as ultrasonic testing in B- and C-scan modes, for an evaluation of the geometrical properties of damage as well as the results of numerical simulations of impact testing of the composite were used to support the experimental results. Based on the obtained results, the generic shapes of barely visible impact damage (BVID) in composite structures were determined, and based on the generic shapes and the obtained relations between the damage extent and the impact energy, a parametric computer-aided design models were developed. The obtained models allow predicting the structural response, including the estimation of the residual life of composite structures in finite element simulation environments.