Parameters Viz Research Articles

Experimental modelling of copper foams processed through powder metallurgy route using a compressible space holder material

The present work is focused on the processing of open cellular copper foams through space holder technique without the use of binders. In this work, moderate pressures were used during the cold compaction of the powders. The main objective was to obtain dense cell walls by limiting the use of binders and use a compressible and lubricant type of space holder material. It has been shown in this study that the use of high compaction pressure helps to decrease/limit the quantity of binder required and this, in turn, yields relatively dense cell walls necessary for better mechanical strength of foams. Using 2N factorial method, mathematical models have been developed to express the final porosity and pore size as functions of the various processing parameters viz compaction pressure, sintering temperature/ time and space holder content. The most significant sintering parameters influencing the porosity and pore size of the processed foams have also been found out.

AUGMENTATION OF BIOCHEMICAL DEFENSE AGAINST ALTERNARIA BLIGHT OF MUSTARD BY INDUCTION OF DROUGHT STRESS

Effect of induced drought on plant defense response to Alternaria blight infection and subsequent impact on yield and oil quality was investigated in leading Indian mustard varieties viz . RSPR-69, Pusa Mahak and RH-30 with reference to variety PC-5 as control. Alternaria blight incidence in induced drought was found to be reduced significantly in all mustard varieties. Foliar levels of antioxidant ascorbic acid and total phenol, detoxifying/cell protecting enzymes viz . superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), phenylalanine ammonia ayase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and related biochemical parameters viz . proline, total amino acid and total soluble protein increased in infected leaves and their level further elevated under induced drought as well as Alternaria brassicae inoculation. However, remarkable rise in total sugar level and further loss in chlorophyll content and relative water content (RWC) were observed under induced drought conditions. Moreover, losses due to Alternaria blight infection i.e. seed/oil yield, decline in iodine number and rise in peroxide and saponification number were recovered when drought was artificially induced to the mustard varieties. The Alternaria blight sensitive but drought tolerant RSPR-69 variety got maximum recovery out of induced drought treatment.

Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Standardization of Petiveria alliacea L.

There are the vast varieties of medicinal plants in the world with therapeutic properties. With increasing popularity of herbal medicine as a curative measure, the need for correct identification and standardization of the plant is also increased. Present work was performed to study the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characters of whole plant of Petiveria alliacea. The whole plant of Petiveria alliacea was investigated for its pharmacognostic parameters viz, macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical attributes, fluorescence analysis and phytochemical screening and the salient diagnostic features were also documented. The preliminary phyochemical screening of methanol and ethanol extracts of P.alliacea whole plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and xanthoproteins. These studies provided referential information for identification of this crude drug.

Optimization of process parameters for the production of collagen peptides from fish skin (Epinephelus malabaricus) using response surface methodology and its characterization.

The study optimized the hydrolysis conditions for the production of fish collagen peptides from skin of Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) using response surface methodology. The hydrolysis was done with enzymes pepsin, papain and protease from bovine pancreas. Effects of process parameters viz: pH, temperature, enzyme substrate ratio and hydrolysis time of the three different enzymes on degree of hydrolysis were investigated. The optimum response of degree of hydrolysis was estimated to be 10, 20 and 28% respectively for pepsin, papain and protease. The functional properties of the product developed were analysed which showed changes in the properties from proteins to peptides. SDS-PAGE combined with MALDI TOF method was successfully applied to determine the molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysate. The electrophoretic pattern indicated that the molecular weights of peptides formed due to hydrolysis were nearly 2kDa. MALDI TOF spectral analysis showed the developed hydrolysate contains peptides having molecular weight in the range below 2kDa.

Clinical appraisal of Lodhradi Kashaya on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Lodhradi Kashaya (LKSD) is basically ayurvedic kwath dosage form, described as Madhumehajeet (winner of diabetes mellitus) in ayurvedic classics Basavarajeeyam and the same formulation in Vaidya Chintamani and Charaka Samhita too. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the drug’s ability in management of type 2 diabetes. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Total 31 patients were taken following the guideline mention in CCRAS protocol for diabetes mellitus research. They are divided into two groups, group A and B, given LKSD 4 g & 2 g TDS respectively for three-month follow up. They are investigated against their blood glucose, HbA1C and liver profile tests. Patients were also investigated for subjective parameters viz polyurea, polyphagia, exhaustion and constipation and their response has also been noted regarding palatability acceptance and ease of administration.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Patients has responded positively for formulation. Decrease in FBS and PPBS were found highly significant (P ˂ 0.001) in both groups but more in higher dose (group A). Decrease in HbA1C is also found highly significant in both groups. In LFT, SGOT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant (P = 0.017 and 0.002). SGPT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant in group B (P= 0.085 and 0.002). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LKSD is having astringent taste due to tannins and phenols in it. It was found significant not only in controlling blood sugar but also in management of other factors related to diabetes mellitus.</p>

CuO/ZnO nanorods: An affordable efficient p-n heterojunction and morphology dependent photocatalytic activity against organic contaminants

In the present study, we report morphology dependent photocatalytic activity of CuO/ZnO nanorods by simple chemical synthesis for the first time. The nanorod morphology was clearly evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and hig resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis and confirmed the particle size of 20 nm. The composition and oxidation states of the CuO/ZnO nanorods were confirmed by XPS analysis. The potential efficacy of CuO/ZnO nanorods was evaluated towards the photocatalytic degradation of congo red (CR) and rhodamine B (RhB) dye solution. Very interestingly, the CuO/ZnO nanorods showed significantly superior photocatalytic activity compared to CuO, ZnO, a mixture of nano CuO and nano ZnO. The complete degradation of dye solution was successfully achieved within a short span of time. The effects of the different operational parameters viz amount of photocatalyst loading, initial concentration and pH were evaluated and the optimum condition for the superior activity was discovered. The prevention of the electron-hole pair recombination was strongly evidenced by photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Importantly, active involvement of hydroxyl radical in the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was strongly supported by the trapping experiments using different scavengers and fluorescence analysis. The CuO/ZnO nanorods photocatalyst also showed excellent degradation activity against the mixed dye solutions (CR and RhB). The stability and reusability results were clearly indicated that the sustainability of the CuO/ZnO nanorods in the photocatalytic reaction.

Structural, optical, and LED characteristics of ZnO and Al doped ZnO thin films

ZnO (pristine) and Al doped ZnO (AZO) films were prepared using sol-gel spin coating method. The XRD analysis showed the enhanced compressive stress in AZO film. The presence of extended states below the conduction band edge in AZO accounts for the redshift in optical bandgap. The PL spectra of AZO showed significant blue emission due to the carrier recombination from defect states. The TRPL curves showed the dominant DAP recombination in ZnO film, whereas defect related recombination in Al doped ZnO film. Color parameters viz: the dominant wavelength, color coordinates (x,y), color purity, luminous efficiency and correlated color temperature (CCT) of ZnO and AZO films are calculated using 1931 (CIE) diagram. Further, a strong blue emission with color purity more than 96% is observed in both the films. The enhanced blue emission in AZO significantly increased the luminous efficiency (22.8%) compared to ZnO film (10.8%). The prepared films may be used as blue phosphors in white light generation.

Two start and Three Start Helical Abrasive Flow Machining for Brittle Materials

In the experimental investigation on drill bit assisted AFM setup, a developed spline, two start helical profile and three start helical profile have been studied. It has been found that the use of new developed profile led to an improvement in the response parameter of percentage improvement in surface finish and material removal.Drill bit assisted abrasive flow machining is a non-conventional finishing operation. Before the advent of drill bit assisted abrasive flow machining simple abrasive flow machining was used. In simple abrasive flow machining media is simply move up and down through the work piece. In drill bit assisted abrasive flow machining a drill bit is used which passes through the work piece which helps to define the path of media responsible for finishing operation. In the present work three types of drill bits are used spline, two star helical and three star helical.For the design of experiment, the taguchi method approach has been employed. L9 OA has been used for the plan of experiments.The three process parameters viz drill bit type, number of cycle, extrusion pressure all have significant effect for the response parameter of MR .The result shows that type of rod have 33.4%, extrusion pressure have 23.46% and number of cycle have 19.53% contribution for response parameter of MR. At selected parameters a maximum improvement of 69.06% has been observed in the Surface finish. With the initial roughness 6.2 microns, an improvement to 1.91 has been observed on the inner cylindrical surface of the cast iron work piece.

Protective effect of Pueraria tuberosa Linn. in arsenic induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Pueraria tuberose Linn. is an inexpensive and efficient source to provide all the required nutrients and medicinal benefits for a healthy and rejuvenating body. The present investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the role of Pueraria tuberosa Linn. in modifying the sodium arsenate induced biochemical alterations in albino rats. Administration of sodium arsenate in rats induces oxidative stress, which leads to the generation of free radicals in the body. These free radicals interact with tissue leading to tissue damage i.e, kidney damage. Animals were divided into 6 groups, Group I (control group) rats were treated with normal saline (1mg/kg), Group II (Positive Control) rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg). Group III rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and Vitamin E (100 mg/kg). Group IV rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and Pueraria tuberosa linn. extract (50 mg/kg), Group V rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and Pueraria tuberosa linn. extract (100 mg/kg), Group VI rats were treated with sodium arsenate (1mg/kg) and hydroalcoholic extract of Pueraria tuberose linn (200mg/kg). After 21 days treatment, blood samples were collected and analyzed for the serum parameters viz BUN test, serum calcium test, serum iron test, Acid phosphatase test, Creatinine test. Antioxidant parameters like Malondialdehyde, catalase, Reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase were estimated. The kidney is removed and sectioned for histopathological examination. The hydroalcoholic extract of Pueraria tuberosa linn (tuber) inhibits the oxidative stress hypothesis mechanism. It was concluded that the extract of Pueraria tuberose linn (tuber) exerts nephroprotective activity could be attributed by presence of natural antioxidants, free radical scavenging.

Modelling Biogas Fermentation from Anaerobic Digestion: Potato Starch Processing Wastewater Treated Within an Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Herein, a modeling approach to predict biogas yield within a mesophilic (35 ± 1°C) upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating potato starch processing wastewater (PSPW) for pollutant removal was conducted. HRTs and seven anaerobic process-related parameters viz; chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (), alkalinity, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, total phosphorus, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and pH with average concentration of 4028.91, 110.09, 4944.67, 510.47, 45.20, 534.44 mg/L and 7.09, respectively, were used as input variables (x) to develop stochastic models for predicting biogas yield from the anaerobic digestion of PSPW. Based on the prediction accuracy of the models, it was established that, prediction of biogas yield from the UASB with the combination of COD, NH4+ and HRT, or COD, NH4+, HRT and VFAs as input variables proved more efficient as opposed to HRT, alkalinity, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, total phosphorus and pH. Highest coefficient of determination (R2) observed was 97.29%, suggesting the efficiency of the models in making predictions. The developed models efficiencies concluded that the models could be employed to control the dynamic anaerobic process within UASBs since prediction of biogas obtained in the UASB agreed with the experimental result.

Evaluation of Concurrent Administration of Leaf Extracts of Vernonia Amygdalina and Gongrenema Latifolium on some Liver Function Indices in Wistar Rats

The effects of concurrent administration of ethanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongrenema latifolium on some liver function indices in normal wistar rats. Seventy (70) male wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into seven (7) groups of ten rats each. Group I was given 1 ml of distilled water and served as the control. Groups II and III received 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg bw of Vernonia amygdalina. Groups IV and V received 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg bw of Gongrenema latifolium, while groups VI and VII received 100 mg/kg V. amygdalina +300 mg/kg G. latifolium, and 300 mg/kg V. amygdalina + 600 mg/kg bw Gongrenema latifolium respectively orally once daily for a period of 28 days. Five (5) animals from each group were sacrificed after days 14 and 28 respectively, and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture for determination of liver function parameters viz: alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline transferase and total protein and albumin. The result obtained showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) was observed for high dose of V. amygdalina on the day 14 while the serum level of alanine transferase (ALT) increased significantly (p<0.05) for the concurrent administered doses on day 28 relative to the control. A significant increase was recorded in the serum of alkaline phosphate for the combined doses. The serum levels of total protein and albumin remained with the reference range after extracts administration. A synergistic significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in serum ALP for the combined doses on day 28. This review suggests that the extracts possess possible hepatotoxic potentials particularly at the high dose of V. amygdalina and combined doses of the extracts administrated. However, its consumption for various purposes should be done cautiously.

Free Vibration, Buckling and Design Optimisation of Composite Pressure Hulls

Composite materials are being extensively used for underwater applications due to their high specific stiffness and strength and superior corrosion resistance. The structural weight of the composite pressure hulls intended to operate under high operating depths should be minimized for increasing payload, speed and operating range. Apart from minimizing the weight, these structures should resist the specified buckling loads and should not transmit vibrations that are nearer to the frequencies generated inside the structure and hence the weight is to be minimized under minimum buckling pressure specified and also should have natural frequencies of vibration much higher than those that are in the excitation range of equipment mounted in side the structure. An attempt is made in the present study to minimize structural weight of isotropic and composite stiffened shells for under water applications under given buckling pressure and frequency constraints using PSO based algorithm. PSO is being developed recently and it is well documented in literature that PSO is fairly accurate for determining global minimum when compared to other evolutionary algorithms Viz Genetic algorithm, simulated annealing etc. Buckling pressure and free vibration natural Frequency of a stiffened composite shell depends on various parameters Viz rib thickness, rib spacing, rib width, shell thickness, winding angles in each layer, rib height and stacking sequence. The effect of above parameters on the Buckling pressure and Frequency is studied in detail prior to optimizing the stiffened composite shell under buckling pressure and Frequency constraints. Love-Kirchhoff equations and Jone’s equations are used for computation of Natural Frequency and buckling pressures of stiffened composite hulls. Different composite materials Carbon Epoxy, Boron epoxy, Glass Epoxy are considered for design optimization. Carbon epoxies are used for higher operating depths, while Glass epoxies are used for less operational depths. Carbon epoxy is also 100 times more costly than Glass epoxy and hence cost also need to be considered while selecting the above composite materials. The stresses along the fibers and in the direction is perpendicular to the fiber in the different layers of the composite materials namely Carbon epoxy, Boron epoxy and Glass epoxy (90 and 45) under given external pressure are computed. T Sai Hill and T sai – Wu failure theories are applied to the different layers to confirm that all the plies are safe.

English

Tomato (Solanum lycopersycum L.) is one of the most important vegetables worldwide. As it is a relatively short duration crop and gives a high yield, it is economically attractive. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying method on the quality of the dried tomatoes based on three parameters viz; lycopene, &szlig;-carotene and ascorbic acid contents. Thirty-six kilograms of tomatoes were sorted, cleaned, blanched and divided into three equal portions of 12 kg each. The tomatoes were sliced into 4, 6 and 8 mm, then sun, solar and hybrid dried, respectively. The value of lycopene content obtained for sun dried tomatoes ranged from 23.89 to 18.77 mg/100 g, solar dried ranged from 24.51 to 22.56 mg/100 g and hybrid dried ranged from 25.12 to 24.65 mg/100 g. The average value of &beta;-carotene content obtained for sun dried tomatoes ranged from 4.12 to 3.72 mg/100 g, solar dried ranged from 4.94 to 4.25 mg/100 g and hybrid dried ranged from 4.98 to 4.65 mg/100 g. The values of ascorbic acid obtained for sun dried tomatoes ranged from 17.04 to 5.60 mg/100 g, solar dried ranged from 23.73 to 13.37 mg/100 g and hybrid dried ranged from 29.20 to 24.82 mg/100 g. Hybrid dried tomatoes slice showed higher retention of lycopene, &szlig;-Carotene and ascorbic acid than both the solar and open sun dried methods.&nbsp; Key words: Tomato, hybrid-photovoltaic dryer, solar dryer, sun drying, lycopene, &beta;-carotene and ascorbic acid.

Effect of using sub soil with organic materials as a substitute to top soil in potting medium of rubber nurseries

The study examined the influence of sub soil with organic material or materials compared to top soil on the growth of Hevea seedlings. Substitution of top soil with sub soil and five locally available organic materials on growth and nutrient contents of the rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis) during nursery stage were studied. Only top soil was used as control treatment (T1). The experiment was included nine treatments and the combinations of the treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with twenty replicate plants. Plant growth parameters viz; diameter, height, leaf area and plant dry matter accumulation were measured periodically at the end of before and after budgrafting stages. Macro nutrient concentrations in leaves of the after budgrafting plants were determined to assess the nutritional status of the plant. Improved growth assessments; plant height, leaf area, plant dry matter accumulation and enhanced leaf nutrient contents could be observed with the treatment having sub soil and organic materials such as coir dust, poultry and refuse tea. Almost all growth assessments (94%) and all leaf nutrient contents (100%) related to sub soil with organic materials; coir dust or poultry or refuse tea or coir dust and poultry treatments gave significantly higher or no significant effect compared to top soil (T1). Deterioration of growth assessments; plant height, leaf area and plant dry matter accumulation could be observed with the treatments having sub soil and organic materials such as paddy husk and saw dust. All growth assessments (100%) related to sub soil with organic materials; paddy husk or saw dust or poultry and paddy husk or poultry and saw dust treatments gave significantly lower or no significant effect compared to top soil (T1). In general, many occasions (93%) leaf nutrient contents in sub soil + organic material or materials gave significantly higher or no significant effect compared to top soil (T1). It is evident from results that significantly higher many growth parameters associated with sub soil with coir dust could be accepted as a superior medium for polybag plants compared to the RRI recommended top soil only potting medium. Moreover, sub soil with refuse tea or poultry could be used as a substitute for top soil only medium without any failure.

Effect of nutrient management on yield parameters in knolkhol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)

The present field experiment was carried out with Knolkhol cv. EARLYWHITE VIENNA in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during 2015. The experiment comprised of 10 different combinations of five different sources of nutrients including organic, inorganic and biofertilizers. The effect of different treatments were observed and noted that plants treated with 50 per cent RDF + VC @ 5 t ha–¹ + biofertilizers @ 2 kg ha–¹ (T 3 ) registered maximum growth parameters viz ., plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, root length and number of secondary roots in knolkhol cv. EARLYWHITE VIENNA.

Effect of Laser Modulation on Dispersion Induced Chirp Microwave Signal Generation by Using Temporal Pulse Shaping Technique

A photonic approach for generating an arbitrary chirp microwave waveform using optical coupler of different length is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The chirp microwave waveform can be used in Radar system to improve its range Doppler resolution. The paper give the specific details about various performance parameters like input signal frequency and power, output signal parameters viz output frequency, chirp rate, chirp bandwidth and time bandwidth product etc. In this proposed approach two single mode optical fibers of different lengths are used to create the phase variation of the light coming from the continuous wave laser. The overall model and its performance parameters are computed on optiwave software and compared with experimental results carried out in lab which shows the validity of our experimental setup.

Rheological Properties of Selected Granites Form Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Abstract — Granites are sourced for construction aggregates viz, rock flour, crushed stones. They are also cut and polished for floor and wall tiles and other building accessories. Larger pieces of granites are used as surcharge materials to stabilize construction sites like petrol-filling station. In Nigeria, granites are sought for completion of road pavements and airport run ways. Varieties of granites having different textural characteristics and mineralogical composition are found on the Jos Plateau Nigeria. This paper presents data of engineering/rheological investigation of selected granites from Jos Plateau, The Jos-Bukuru and the Ropp complexes were studied and sampled between 2003 and 2006. Selected granite samples were cut with diamond studded saw blades into cubes (size 40mm x 40mm x 35mm). The cubes were subjected to imaxial/compression with the mechanized and computerized UTM machine model 50KN. The specimens were compressed to failure, marked by cracks/partings on the specimen surface(s) several rheological parameters viz, stress @ peak, load @ peak, strain @ peak and others were measured and recorded by another computer. The data collected are presented as tables and graphs in this report. The specimens exhibit data which show that they represent materials good for engineering construction and concrete aggregates. The granites may be classified by Deere and Miller criteria as high or very good for construction works.

Influence of meteorological factors on population build-up of spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata Geyer in yam bean under agro-climatic zone I of North Bihar

Population build-up studies of spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata Geyer, on yam bean in relation to meteorological parameters viz; average ambient temperature, relative humidity and rainfall revealed that the pest was active between the second week of October to last week of December, while web formation abruptly stopped after third week of November. It attained and maintained its peak activity during November in both seasons recording a mean larval population ranging 9.51 to 17.51 and 11.31 to 19.31 per flower shoot while number of webs ranged from 1.59 to 3.00 and 1.73 to 3.68 webs per flower shoot during 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. Pest population build-up was favoured by a decline in average maximum and minimum temperature (from 30.15 to 26.550C and 16.25 to 12.100C, respectively) and in relative humidity at 7 am and 2 pm (96.30 to 94.70 per cent and 50.90 to 54.40 per cent respectively). No significant correlation existed between the larval and webs population with the factors, except the relative humidity at 2 pm which indicated negative but significant effect on larval and webs population.

Optimization of the adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution onto PAB nanocomposite using response surface methodology

The present study reveals the synthesis of bentonite immobilized alginate grafted by polyacrylonitrile (PAB) nanocomposite by in situ chemical oxidation of acrylonitrile monomer in presence of alginate, bentonite and MBA as a cross linker. The material was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The influence of various adsorption parameters viz agitation time, pH of Pb (II) solution, adsorbent dose, Pb (II) ion concentration and temperature was optimized by central composite design (CCD) of the RSM using MINITAB 17. Based on the design suggested by MINITAB 17, experiments were performed and the optimum values were found as agitation time (172min), pH 4.0, dose (0.06g), Pb (II) ion concentration (55mgL−1) and temperature (44°C) with 96.65% removal of Pb (II) ions with 0.99 desirability. The adsorption experimental data was applied to non-linear Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models at 30, 40 and 50°C and based on the value of regression coefficient R2 and χ2, the experimental data was best followed by Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 45.63mgg−1 at 30°C, 47.41mgg−1 at 40°C and 47.38mgg−1 at 50°C.

Comparison of Extenders for Liquid Storage of Indian Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus Gallus Murghi) Spermatozoa

This study was designed to evaluate a range of avian semen extenders for liquid storage of Indian Red Jungle Fowl ( Gallus gallus murghi) spermatozoa at 5 °C. Semen was collected from 8 mature trained cocks and processed in the Beltsville Poultry, Turkey, Lake, EK, Tselutin Poultry and Chicken semen extenders for storage at 5 °C. Semen quality parameters viz, motility (%), plasma membrane integrity (%), livability (%) and acrosomal integrity (%) were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours of storage. A time dependent decrease was observed in motility, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity in all experimental extenders during the storage period. However, the Turkey semen extender was found significantly ( P&lt;0.05) superior for protecting all aforementioned semen quality parameters compared to the Beltsville Poultry, Lake, EK, Tselutin Poultry and Chicken semen extenders. It is concluded that the Turkey semen extender can be used efficiently for the liquid storage of Indian Red Jungle Fowl spermatozoa at 5 °C.