Parameters Of Processes Research Articles

Determining optimal process means in a multi-stage production system with inspection errors in 100% inspection

ABSTRACT The problem of determining optimal process parameters for multiple processes has not been widely addressed in the literature. Another important consideration that is frequently overlooked is the presense of inspection error during any inspection process due to factors related to human inspectors and measuring instuments. This paper investigates the optimal determination of process parameters in a multi-stage production system in the presence of inspection error. A mathematical model was developed for two processes producing a single product with two quality characteristics. The first quality characteristic was determined by the first process, and the second quality characteristic was determined by both processes. A 100% inspection was used as a means for product quality control and assumed to be error prone. A real case was used to test the developed model. Inspection error was found to have an impact on machine settings and hence the expected profit. The developed model provides quality managers with a mechanism to optimize their processes.

Small-signal simulation applied to calculation of the parameters of nonlinear dynamics processes control systems for DC/DC converters

The article discusses the issues of choosing the control system parameters for pulse-width DC/DC converters with the target-oriented control. This takes into account the nonlinear dynamic processes control system, which is important when constructing power conversion systems with increased requirements for speed. A nonlinear dynamic model of the system is developed taking fully into account the dynamic properties of the control system. A technique for selecting control system parameters based on small-signal modelling is proposed, which greatly simplifies the calculation process. The suggested approach can be applied in developing DC/DC converters of a wide class.

Comprehensive analysis of flavor formation mechanisms in the mechanized preparation Cantonese soy sauce koji using absolute quantitative metabolomics and microbiomics approaches

Based on the widespread application and under-research of mechanized preparation Cantonese soy sauce koji (MP), absolute quantitative approaches were utilized to systematically analyze the flavor formation mechanism in MP. The results indicated that the enzyme activities increased greatly during MP fermentation, and 4 organic acids, 15 amino acids, and 2 volatiles were identified as significantly different flavor actives. The flavor parameters of MP4 were basically identical to those of MP5. Furthermore, microorganisms were dominated by Staphylococcus, Weissella, and Aspergillus in MP, and their biomass demonstrated an increasing trend. A precise enumeration of microorganisms exposed the inaccuracy of relative quantitative data. Concurrently, Staphylococcus and Aspergillus were positively correlated with numerous enzymes and flavor compounds, and targeted strains for enhancing MP quality. The flavor formation network comprises pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidation, and protein degradation and amino acid metabolism. In summary, the fermentation period of MP can be substantially shortened without compromising the product quality. These findings lay the groundwork for refining parameters in modern production processes.

Electronic logbook of measuring instruments as a lean management technology

The competitiveness of a manufacturing company in the market is impossible without monitoring and controlling the parameters of technological processes, equipment operation, the state of the production environment and product quality, which, in turn, is associated with the performance of certain measuring operations. Ensuring the uniformity of measurements and accuracy of measuring equipment is the responsibility of the company’s metrologists. Automatization of their activities is a necessary element of lean and efficient management. Let’s consider its practical advantages on a simple example of digitalization of work on the accounting of measuring instruments.

Reactive Vapor-Phase Inhibitors for Area-Selective Depositions at Tunable Critical Dimensions.

Area-selective depositions (ASD) take advantage of the chemical contrast between material surfaces in device fabrication, where a film can be selectively grown by chemical vapor deposition on metal versus a dielectric, for instance, and can provide a path to nontraditional device architectures as well as the potential to improve existing device fabrication schemes. While ASD can be accessed through a variety of methods, the incorporation of reactive moieties in inhibitors presents several advantages, such as increasing thermal stability and limiting precursor diffusion into the blocking layer. Alkyne-terminated small molecule inhibitors (SMIs)─propargyl, dipropargyl, and tripropargylamine─were evaluated as metal-selective inhibitors. Modeling these SMIs provided insight into the binding mechanism, influence of sterics, and complex polymer network formed from the reaction between inhibitors consisting of alkene, aromatic, and network branchpoints. While a significant contrast in the binding of the SMIs on copper versus a dielectric was observed, residual amounts were detected on the dielectric surfaces, leading to variable ALD growth rates dependent on pattern-critical dimensions. This behavior can be controlled and utilized to direct film growth on patterns only above a critical threshold dimension; below this threshold, both the dielectric and metal features are protected. This method provides another design parameter for ASD processes and may extend its application to broader-ranging device fabrication schemes.

Assessing the Feasibility of Fabricating Thermoplastic Laminates from Unidirectional Tapes in Open Mold Environments

The automation of the manufacturing processes of thermoplastic composite laminates has become dependent on open mold processes such as automated tape placement (ATP), which couples tape layering with in situ consolidation. The manufacturing parameters of ATP open mold processes, which comprise processing time, consolidation pressure and temperature, affect the bond strength between the plies and the quality of the laminates produced. Therefore, the effect of the manufacturing parameters should be characterized. This work experimentally evaluates the feasibility of fabricating thermoplastic laminates using an open mold process that reasonably models that of ATP. Glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene laminates are fabricated from unidirectional tapes under different consolidation periods, pressures, and temperatures. The bond quality in the produced laminates is assessed by measuring their interlaminar shear strength, which is measured using a short beam standardized shear test in conjunction with digital image correlation. Results show that consolidation can occur at temperatures slightly below the composite tapes’ complete melting temperature, and consolidation times between 7 and 13 min can result in acceptable bond strengths. The results confirmed the feasibility of the process and highlighted its limitations. Analysis of variance and machine learning showed that the effect of process parameters on interlaminar shear strength is nonlinear.

The use of small diameter nozzles in temperature-controlled hemp oil extraction allows high oil yields and good quality residual hemp cake feed.

The use of two nozzle diameters (6 and 8 mm) in a cold (50°C) hemp seed oil extraction process was evaluated in terms of extraction efficiency, and chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of the residual cake. Seeds of the varieties Futura 75 and Uso 31 were pressed using a mechanical press with a cooling device. Five pressings were carried out for each variety and nozzle size, the functional parameters of the extraction processes were recorded, and sample of the residual cakes (n = 20) were analyzed. The 6 mm nozzle determined a higher oil yield (+4%) with a limited increase in temperature in the pressing chamber and in the oil (on average + 3°C compared to the 8 mm nozzle). A lower oil yield and consequently a higher fat content in the corresponding cake was observed when using the 8 mm nozzle. Despite the similar fat content, the two varieties had different oil yields and different residual cake compositions. The gas production kinetic of cakes was influenced by variety but little by nozzle size. Overall, the use of a smaller nozzle in a temperature-controlled extraction process can be a useful option to increase hemp oil yield while maintaining good fermentation characteristics of the residual cakes as ruminant feed.

Technology Focus: EOR Modeling (January 2024)

The oil and gas industry is at a critical juncture in addressing the pressing need to balance operational efficiency with environmental stewardship. With the world’s growing emphasis on climate change and sustainability, the industry is tasked with the dual objectives of refining operational efficiency and simultaneously diminishing its carbon footprint. This balancing act has become a strategic imperative crucial for the long-term viability of the industry. In light of the recent COP28 agreement, which emphasizes a “swift, just, and equitable energy transition,” the role of low-emission enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and operational optimization becomes increasingly significant. This period of transition, which may span several decades, demands a pragmatic approach where the existing hydrocarbon resources are used as efficiently and responsibly as possible. In the quest to optimize operations and reduce carbon footprint, three innovative technical papers present a cohesive story of advancement through modeling and machine learning. These papers underscore the industry’s shift toward more efficient practices, each contributing a crucial piece to the larger puzzle of EOR.The first paper introduces an advanced modeling approach for fractured reservoirs, a significant development in tight rock simulations that simplifies fracture heterogeneity characterization and enhances computational efficiency, crucial for optimizing asset development decisions in shale and tight oil resources. Building on the theme of efficiency, the second paper pivots to the realm of surfactants, exploring their role in wettability alteration within unconventional liquid-rich reservoirs. This research provides a systematic approach for screening thermally stable surfactants under reservoir conditions, crucial for improving hydrocarbon recovery without unnecessary field trials. The final piece of this narrative is a study using machine learning to predict gas-injection parameters in EOR processes. This approach addresses the lack of extensive gas-injection laboratory data, demonstrating the power of data-driven predictions in enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making. These papers weave a compelling narrative of technological innovation, highlighting the role of advanced modeling and machine learning. As the oil and gas industry progresses in its vital mission to supply the world’s energy needs, the pivotal role of technology innovation becomes increasingly evident. Advanced technologies focused on operational optimization and reducing carbon emissions are essential in reinforcing the industry’s adaptability and resilience in the context of this rapidly evolving energy landscape. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 215083 An Analytical Tool to Predict Fracture Extension and Elastic Desaturation for Polymer Field Projects by M.B. Abdullah, The University of Texas at Austin, et al. SPE 216822 First Pilot Design of Low-Tension-Gas (LTG) Flooding in Carbonate Field in North Oman by Mohammed Al-Abri, Petroleum Development Oman, et al. SPE 213037 Field-Scale Multistage and Multiobjective Optimization of Rate and Concentration for Polymer Flooding by Ruxin Zhang, Texas A&M University, et al.

Ultrafast spin dynamics: From femtosecond magnetism to attosecond magnetism

Ultrafast spin dynamics is the study of the evolution of spin degrees of freedom on a time scale from picoseconds to attoseconds after being excited by an external field. With the development of laser technology, ultrafast spin dynamics has presented new opportunities for realizing ultrafast spintronic devices since 1996. However, despite decades of development, many aspects of femtosecond magnetism remain unclear. Understanding the parameters of these ultrafast spin dynamics processes requires experiments on an even faster timescale. Attosecond magnetism and the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with magnetic materials can reveal spin dynamics on a sub-femtosecond to attosecond time scale. In this review, we first introduce the significant research progress, including the mechanisms of ultrafast demagnetization, all-optical switching, ultrafast spin currents, and terahertz waves. Secondly, we analyze the problems in ultrafast spin dynamics, such as the unclear physical mechanisms of ultrafast demagnetization, the uncertain relationship between magnetic damping and ultrafast demagnetization time, and the unexplored anisotropic ultrafast demagnetization. Thirdly, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in attosecond magnetism. Finally, we analyze and discuss the future development and prospects of ultrafast spin dynamics.

Modeling of Wave Processes in Hydraulic Drive Systems of Technological Equipment

The article, based on the performed theoretical research, solves the essential scientific and technical problem of increasing the accuracy of identification of wave processes in a hydrodynamic system (pipeline) by developing a generalized method of mathematical designing of the dynamics of a continuous viscous and weakly compressed fluid in the hydrodynamic system pipeline based on the Navier-Stokes equation. Amplitude-frequency characteristics represent parameters of wave processes in the hydraulic drive system. A partial solution of Navier–Stokes equations, under zero initial conditions, is proposed in the form of four-pole equations, the components of which are represented in the form of the Laplace image of the corresponding relative pressure and flow coordinates and the the hydraulic line parameters determine the four-pole elements themselves It is also proposed to determine the values of the four-pole elements based on time constants and relative damping coefficients on the frequency characteristics of hydraulic lines with distribution parameters based on the condition of equality of the first resonant frequencies and amplitudes (at these frequencies). With the help of the developed methods, the primary dynamic parameters of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of continuous viscous and weakly compressed liquid in the pipeline of hydraulic systems for different flow ranges. This made it possible to achieve the following practical results: the high degree of adequacy of the developed mathematical model indicates an increase in the reliability of determining the operating characteristics when designing a hydraulic drive. The high accuracy of determining the first resonant frequencies and amplitudes allows for creating a hydraulic pump with improved operational characteristics.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ РОЗВИТКУ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ВПЛИВУ В УКРАЇНІ

In the study, the authors considered peculiarities and prerequisites for development of inland water transport in Ukraine, its role and organizational& economic mechanism for development of inland water transport in the modern military transport system of Ukraine. Inland water transport under influence of active hostilities on the territory of Ukraine should be integrated with other types of transport system: railway, road, to create a cyclical transport logistics system. This mechanism can increase an efficiency and reliability of transport services and reduce costs for related business activities. As the inland water transport plays an important role in the transport system, Ukraine seeks to expand its export markets, its importance will continue to grow under conditions of active hostilities. Therefore, understanding the shortcomings and development trends of the national system of inland water transport will contribute to the process of inland water transport renewal in Ukraine. The goal of the study is to analyse prerequisites for development of inland water transport of mechanisms that take into account the specifics of inland water transport based on their comprehensive analysis in order to conceptualize specific organizational&economic mechanism for its functioning during military influence in Ukraine. In Ukraine, the correspondent risks should be considered in managemental, commercial and industrial aspects of inland water transport in a complex manner. The study analyses the current state of inland water transport and its contribution in ensuring transportation of foreign trade goods within the territory of Ukraine. The specifics of production processes of inland water transport are characterized, and in particular, the influence of weather and climate conditions on them, a significant number of stakeholders involved in the transportation process and the need to obtain a large number of approvals in a realm of inland water transport services and cargo in the port. All this together determines the practical impossibility of clearly defining the time parameters of transport processes in shipping. As a result of the analysis of the commercial aspects of the operation of inland water transport.

Determination of composite fuel parameters in the operation of technogenic deposits of coal mining enterprises

The research provides the determining of the parameters for composite fuel in the operation of technogenic deposits at coal mining enterprises. The qualitative characteristics of technogenic raw materials are determined, and the parameters of technological processes to produce composite fuel are established: preparation (screening or grinding), physical and chemical influence on the state of raw materials, mixing, production, and drying (if necessary) to obtain suitable fuel. Based on the particle size distribution (as well as sedimentation analysis for waste fractions up to 50 μm) and chemical composition (with the determination of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and sulphur content) it was found that the physicochemical parameters for each type of industrial waste, when preparing them for use in the production of composite fuels, have been established. A technological classification of technogenic materials has been developed, which makes it possible to systematize technical issues in the implementation of preparation processes, physical and chemical influences, mixing, production, and drying to obtain suitable fuel.

ОПТИМАЛЬНЫЕ РЕЖИМЫ ИМПУЛЬСНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРИВОДОМ ЭЛЕКТРИФИЦИРОВАННОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ

In autonomous drives of highly maneuverable vehicles with adaptive control systems, DC motors have become the most widespread. To control them, pulse width modulation is used, in which the simplicity of the algorithm is combined with high-frequency current fluctuations in the motor windings. When optimizing these modes, it is necessary to choose both the control mode and its parameters correctly, taking into account the specifics of the power source, for example, a battery with limited capacity. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the optimal parameters for stream and batch modes of pulse-width control of DC motors from rechargeable batteries. (Materials and methods) For the analysis of control modes, generally accepted dependencies describing the relationship of controlled parameters in transient processes, as well as methods for solving differential equations, are used. A general approximate solution of the equation relating current and voltage is obtained, and its approximation for the flow control mode is determined. (Results and discussion) The obtained solution is studied for the practical feasibility of the stream mode. The corresponding analytical condition is derived, in case of violation of which it is necessary to apply the batch control mode. (Conclusions) The optimal parameters of pulse width modulation are analyzed when controlling drives with DC motors from autonomous power sources. Based on the general solution obtained, the application area of the streaming control mode and the optimal values of the corresponding parameters, as well as the application area of the batch control mode and its optimal parameters are highlighted. The use of the proposed equations makes it possible to improve the quality of drive control, to increase its accuracy, to reduce peak loads and unproductive power losses when driving autonomous vehicles.

Study of the influence of thermodynamic processes on the parameters of the technical condition of power plants

The article substantiates the need to consider the dependence of the external characteristics of transport power plants on the parameters of thermodynamic processes in the combustion chambers of heat engines. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are presented. They prove the influence of the technical condition on the thermodynamic parameters of diesel internal combustion engines. Expressions are presented that describe the thermodynamic processes of power plants from the point of view of the relationship between the mechanical and thermodynamic components of torque. It is shown that the temperature of the working surfaces of a diesel engine is an important characteristic of its technical condition. The results of experimental studies of the influence of the temperature of the cylinder liner wall, which determines the rate of evaporation of the oil film between the piston and the cylinder liner, on the amount of engine oil consumption for waste under various technical conditions of the diesel engine are presented. It has been shown that reducing engine temperature can help reduce oil consumption in internal combustion engines.

A single-step high-throughput bioassay for quantifying Fc-containing recombinant proteins based on non-classical calculation of fluorescence polarization.

The titer of recombinant proteins is one of the key parameters in biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes. The fluorescence polarization (FP)-based assay, a homogeneous, high-throughput and real-time analytical method, had emerged as a powerful tool for biochemical analysis and environmental monitoring. In this study, an FP-based bioassay was utilized to quantify antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc)-containing proteins, such as recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and mAb derivatives, in the cell culture supernatant, and the impacts of tracer molecular weight and FITC-coupling conditions on fluorescence polarization were methodically examined. Distinct from the fluorescence polarization potency calculated by classical formula, we for the first time proposed a new concept and calculation of fluorescence polarization intensity, based on which an analytical method with broader detection range and analysis window was established for quantifying Fc-containing proteins. This provided new ideas for the practical application of fluorescence polarization theory. The established method could detect 96 samples within 30 minutes, with dynamic titer range of 2.5-400 mg L-1, and a linear fitting R2 between the measured and actual concentration reaching 0.99. The method had great application prospects in determining the titer of recombinant proteins with Fc fragments, especially when applied to large-scale screening of high-yield and stable expression CHO cell lines commonly used in biopharmaceutical industry.

NaGdF4:Dy3+ nanocrystals: new insights into optical properties and energy transfer processes.

NaGdF4:Dy3+ nanocrystals (NCs) have been synthesized using a precipitation technique. The structural characteristics and morphology of the materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy images, respectively. The photoluminescence excitation spectra, emission spectra and decay curves of all samples were recorded at room temperature. The color feature of Dy3+ luminescence was estimated using CIE chromaticity coordinates and the correlated color temperature. The radiative properties of the Dy3+:4F9/2 level in the material were analyzed within the framework of JO theory. In NaGdF4:Dy3+ NCs, the energy transfer from Gd3+ to Dy3+ causes an enhancement in the luminescence of the Dy3+ ions. The rate of the processes taking part in the depopulation of Gd3+ ions was estimated. The energy transfer between Dy3+ ions leads to the luminescence quenching of NaGdF4:Dy3+. In this process, the dipole-dipole interaction, which is found by using the Inokuti-Hirayama model, is the dominant mechanism. The characteristic parameters of the energy transfer processes between Dy3+ ions have also been calculated in detail.

Некоторые аспекты повышения качества изделий, получаемых методом аддитивных технологий

Today, additive technologies are common used in different areas of human life and economics. However, the aspects of technological support for various parameters of accuracy in products obtained with 3D printing are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the problems of ensuring the required output products’ characteristics through a comprehensive approach, considering equipment, technological modes, and the work process itself. The study employed quality management methods, mathematical statistics, and frequency analysis as research tools. During experimental studies, batches of parts were printed. The parameters of the part accuracy were then measured and analyzed. The authors also examined the issue of printer elements’ resonant vibrations frequencies on the printing process output parameters. The study demonstrated that eliminating these frequencies by tuning equipment drives improves the accuracy of the resulting products. Further research will explore the impact of printing modes on the accuracy of products and the parameters of vibrational processes in printer elements. Obtaining this data will allow for more efficient technological preparation of the production of this class of products.

The effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate on the parameters of chronic neuroinflammation and plastic processes in the brain of old rats during course of dexamethasone administration

To study was to evaluate the potential modulatory impact of succinate/SUCNR1 signaling on the non-genomic immunosuppressive and gene-mediated inflammatory-degenerative effects of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation in the cerebral cortex (CC) of aging rats. Using Western blot analysis, we assessed the expression level of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1), mitochondriogenesis markers (PGC-1α, NDUFV2, SDHA, cyt c1, COX2, ATP5A), angiogenesis marker VEGF, neurotrophin BDNF, GR, succinate receptor SUCNR1 in the CC of 18-month-old rats with isolated administration of the highly specific GR ligand dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p., daily, 10 days) and its combined administration with the succinate-containing drug Mexidol (100 mg/kg, i.p., daily, 10 days). Dexamethasone caused a decrease in the content of all detectable parameters in the CC of 18-month-old rats, including anti-inflammatory IL-10, TGF-β1, PGC-1α, VEGF, BDNF, which progressed by 10 days, amounting to 40-60%, which is consistent with the literature data on transrepression by GR of key pro-inflammatory (NFkB, AP1, STAT1), anti-inflammatory (PPARγ, ERRα), pro-anabolic transcription factors (estrogen, androgen receptors). The administration of Mexidol daily an hour after the injection of dexamethasone did not affect the dexamethasone-induced suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but increased the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, protein markers of mitochondrio-, angio- and synaptogenesis. The study demonstrates for the first time the prospect and pathogenetic foundation of the combined use of dexamethasone and Mexidol in an aging body in order to minimize the activity of GC aimed at suppressing pro-anabolic programs and mechanisms for resolving inflammation.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ВЫЩЕЛАЧИВАНИЯ ЗОЛОТА

The results of a study of new technologies for extracting goldfrom stubborn raw materials in filtration columns with modeling of leaching processes are presented. The prospects of electrochemical methods of metal extraction from solutions with a combination of electrochemical softening of solutions with electrodialysis desalination and concentration are characterized. Recommendations for optimizing the parameters of technological processes are given. The research results may be in demand in the design of new and modernization of existing mining enterprises, in educational institutions and in professional development of specialists in this field of mining production.

АДАПТИВНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ С ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕМ ВНЕШНЕЙ НАГРУЗКИ В АВТОНОМНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ ПЛАТФОРМАХ

One of the effective ways to intensify technological processes in the agricultural sector and at the facilities of the agro-industrial complex is the automation of cargo transportation both inside production and storage facilities and between the facilities of livestock and crop production complexes. Complex automation is possible on the basis of adaptive methods of vehicle management, taking into account fluctuations in the parameters of technological processes due to weather, organizational and other factors. (Research purpose) The research purpose is evaluating the prospects of using adaptive systems with external load forecasting for automatic control of autonomous electrified platforms in non-deterministic conditions. (Materials and methods) The structure of adaptive flow control of an electrified platform is proposed. It is shown that the greatest effect in undetermined conditions is created by systems that combine the functions of self-organization and self-tuning. The complementary implementation of these functions allows you to get the maximum effect in adaptive automatic control with significant changes in external conditions. (Results and discussion) Based on the proposed complex dependence of the moment of the resistance forces on time and the angle of rotation of the drive, a new variant of the approach to modeling the external load acting on the drive is recommended. Zero, first and second order models are considered, for which power and kinematic vectors are given. (Conclusions) Taking into account the dynamically changing external load on the drive of rotational motion, it is proposed to use power and kinetic vectors characterizing the movement of the drive link. The use of zero, first and second order models makes it possible to organize effective adaptive control of an electrified platform at all phases of its movement. This makes it possible to use the proposed approach in transport and technological systems at agribusiness facilities.