Parameters Of Platelet Research Articles

The effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels of patients with ESRD condition undergoing dialysis

BackgroundConcomitant inflammation may boost the cardiovascular complications in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Omega-3 fatty acids may have certain health benefits in HD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HB) level and platelet (PLT) counts of HD patients. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted on HD patients at a private dialysis center in Rasht, Iran. Three omega-3 fatty acid supplement capsules (3 g/d) were administered daily for two months to patients in the intervention group (n = 55). The control group (n = 60) were given three placebo capsules containing medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, similar to the supplemental dose of the intervention group at the same period. Three parameters of HCT, HB and PLT were measured at baseline and after the intervention. ResultsThe PLT count decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group (173.38 ± 74.76 vs. 227.68 ± 86.58 103/mm3, F = 4.83, P = 0.03). No significant change was found on the levels of HCT and HB parameters between the two groups after the intervention. ConclusionOmega-3 supplementation in HD patients may decrease the risk of forming blood clots in the blood vessels. Further studies are warranted.

Аnticoagulation Effects of Leucine-Containing Glyprolines in Hypercoagulation

The effects of two leucine-containing glyproline peptides Leu-Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu, including leucine from the N- and C-ends of the molecules, on the parameters of platelet (primary) and plasma hemostasis were studied. Peptides were administered intranasally for 5 days at a daily dose of 500 mcg/kg of body weight under conditions of hypercoagulation caused by intravenous administration of tissue thromboplastin to metabolic syndrome rats on high-calorie diet. Both peptides contributed to an increase in all types of fibrinolysis (total, enzymatic and non-enzymatic), anticoagulant activity and a decrease in platelet aggregation in rat blood plasma compared with the control. The maximum anticoagulant effect was established in a peptide containing leucine from the C-terminus.

Neutrophil/Lymphocyte and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes.

This study aimed to investigate maternal hematological laboratory parameters of pregnancies complicated with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) compared to mothers of healthy-term infants (control group). This case-controlstudy included 158 mothers who were divided into PPROM (n=67) and control (n=91) groups, respectively. Laboratory parameters of platelet, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were recorded at the time of diagnosis for the PPROM group and at the time of hospital admission for birth for the control group. NLR was significantly higher in the PPROM group than in the control group (p=0.001). The cutoff value of NLR to predict PPROM was 6.73 (AUC=0.671, 95% confidence interval=0.58-0.75,p=0.000). A cheap and routine NLR blood test can be used to predict PPROM before labor.

The influence of cold storage on the characteristics of platelet concentrate

Introduction: Platelet concentrates (PC) are among the most needed blood components used to correct thrombocytopenia of various origins. The main problems in transfusion therapy are the risks of infectious complications associated with the limited shelf life of platelet concentrates at storage. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the quality parameters of apheresis platelet concentrate prepared on two additional solutions: experimental additional solution (ASexp) containing sodium fumarate and SSP+ solution. Objective: To perform a comparative analysis of quality parameters, metabolic rate, hemostatic ability, and markers of activation and apoptosis of platelets (15 units) prepared on an experimental additional solution containing sodium fumarate and on an additional SSP+ solution for prolonged storage periods (15 days) at a temperature of 4 °C ± 2 °C. Materials and methods: We have studied the parameters of the thrombography, metabolism, hemostatic potential, markers of activation, and apoptosis for prolonged periods (15 days) of storage at a temperature of 4 °C ± 2 °C. Results: The results of the study indicate that during prolonged cold storage (15 days), there is a slight decrease in the number of platelets, a decrease in the level of metabolism, and significant morphofunctional changes occur both when using SSP+ and ASexp additional solutions. At the same time, hemostatic activity remains at a fairly high level throughout the entire storage period. The results of the analysis for most of the studied parameters did not reveal significant differences between the groups. At the same time, the parameters mandatory for quality control and safety met the standard values by the end of the observation period. Conclusion: Our data indicate the possibility of using the developed additional solution based on sodium fumarate for storing platelets at a temperature of +4 °C ± 2 °C for 15 days.

HBsAg Pozitif Hastaların Trombosit İndekslerinin Değerlendirilmesi /Evaluation of Platelet Indexes of HBsAg Positive Patients

OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis B virus is the most important cause of chronic liver inflammation. Studies showing that platelets have important functions as an inflammatory trigger in cases of chronic inflammation have increased in recent years. Expressed as platelet (PLT) indices; platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet percentage (PCT) values; it is one of the important markers that provide information about the function and activation of platelets. In this study, in HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative patients, it is aimed to evaluate the parameters of PLT, MPV, PDW and PCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, the results of 193 HBsAg positive and 193 HBsAg negative patients who applied to Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic of Uşak University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital were evaluated. The values of PLT, PDW, PCT and MPV parameters were determined using a hemogram device. Student t-test and one- way ANOVA test were used for comparison between the groups. A value of P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: In our study, while PLT, PDW, PCT and MPV values were determined as 227.36±69.98 103/mm3, 16.34±1.52%, 0.22±0.62% and 9.74±1.10 fl, respectively, in the HBsAg positive patient group, the same values were determined as 224.95±67.48 103/mm3, 16.16±1.08%, 0.22±0.62%, 9.82±1.20 fl, respectively, (p>0.05, p>0.05, p>0.05 and p>0.05, respectively) in the HBsAg negative patient group. In terms of these values, no statistically significant difference was found between the HBsAg positive patient group and the HBsAg negative patient group. In the correlation analysis performed in all cases (n=386), it can be said that there is a very strong negative correlation between PLT and age, MPV, and PDW (respectively, r=-0.156 p=0.06, r=-0.394 p<0.01, r=-0.467 p< 0.01). It was also determined that there was a strong positive correlation (r=0.915 p<0.01) between PLT and PCT. CONCLUSION: In this study, there was no significant difference between HBsAg positive patients and HBsAg negative patients in terms of platelet indices. We recommend that studies on this subject be conducted by grouping hepatitis B patients according to different clinical stages.

Effect of benzoyl taurine dipotassium salt on coagulation, hemostasis and vascular activity in the microvasculature of the brain in violation of cerebral circulation

Cerebral circulation disorders (CCD) are one of the most common causes of mortality and disability in the population. Improving the microcirculation of brain tissue is one of the main directions in the treatment and prevention of CCD.Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a new derivative of hydroxybenzoic (salicylic) acid on neurological deficit, hemostasis and functional state of arterial pial vessels in the study of prostacyclin-synthetic activity and evaluation of NOmediated endothelial dysfunction in rats under experimental CCD conditions. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 50 Wistar rats, which were simulated for CCD by occlusion of common carotid arteries. Within 7 days after the operation, the animals received treatment according to the group: saline, C-60 (N-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)taurine dipotassium salt) and acetylsalicylic acid. After treatment, the activity of the prostacyclin-synthetic system was assessed by the reaction of pial vessels to indomethacin, endothelial dysfunction was estimated by tests with acetylcholine and L-NAME. The parameters of plasma and platelet hemostasis were also studied, and behavioral tests (open field, adhesion test, rotarod, Morris water maze, passive avoidance task) were used to assess neurological deficits in animals. Results. When studying the level of neurological deficit in animals with brain ischemia after a course of administration of the test compound, it was noted that in the treated groups, compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in motor and exploratory activity, improvement in sensory-motor function and coordination of movements (p < 0.05). Also, in the group treated with the salicylic acid derivative, normalization of the parameters of platelet and plasma hemostasis, improvement of the functional state of the vascular endothelium was observed. According to the results of assessing the prostacyclin-synthesizing activity of the endothelium of the cerebral vessels, it follows that the test compound inhibits cyclooxygenase at a level comparable with effect of acetylsalicylic acid. Conclusions. A new derivative of salicylic acid, the dipotassium salt of N-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)taurine, reduces the severity of neurological deficit, improves hemostasis parameters and the functional state of cerebral vessels in rats with brain ischemia in the experiment.

Biochemical And Heamatological Evaluation Pattern Of Pentostam- Induced Hepatotoxicity And Nephrotoxicity In Albino Mice

This study was designed to examine the effect of different dose of Pentostam administration in male albino mice as a model, todetermine their effect on some biochemical and heamatological parameters. 28 adult male of BALB/c wild mice aged 8- 12 weeks andweighing 25-39 gm were used and i.p. injected with 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, and 40mg/kg pentostam in addition to a control group. After28 therapeutic days, blood sample were collected from each animal. The result of Biochemical Index of the serum obtained showedthat there were increase significant differences between different concentration doses on AST, ALT, ALP, Urea, Creatinine and BUNas compare to control group at (p >0.01). Conversely in case of Albumin and Total protein were the result showed decrease significantdifference between different concentration doses on this parameter as compare to control group of the same at (p> 0.01). while nosignificant differences between the different concentrations group of doses on Total bilirubin, where the F value was (1.00). The resultof Hematological Index of blood sample showed that there were decrease significant difference at (P ≤ 0.01-0.05) in hemoglobin, HCT,WBCs, LYM and MON concentration in the different concentrations dose of treatment as compared to control group. Conversely, forMCHC, NEU and EOS there were increase significant difference at (P ≤ 0.05-0.01) as compared to the control group. While nosignificant changes (P ≤ 0.0-01.05) in the parameters of RBCs, MCV, MCH, BAS count and Platelet were found when compared withcontrol animals. Biochemical and hematological evaluation pattern still an important role to evaluate drug toxicity. However, theresults of this study concluded that, different doses of Pentostam can cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, it will beimportant of change in anti-leishmanial regimen to reduce their side effect

Pathogen inactivation treatment of triple-dose apheresis platelets with amotosalen and ultraviolet a light.

A triple storage (TS) set allows for pathogen inactivation (PI) treatment of triple-dose apheresis platelet products with amotosalen + UVA. We evaluated the quality and metabolic parameters of platelet concentrates (PCs) pathogen inactivated and stored for 7 days. Twelve triple-dose products collected with two different apheresis platforms were treated with amotosalen+UVA. Products were split into three single-dose units. Testing was made pretreatment, after splitting, at days 5 and 7 of storage. Single-dose PI PCs had a mean platelet content of 2.89 ± 0.35 x 1011 . From baseline to day 7, pH remained stable (7.1± 0.1 vs. 7.0± 0.1), pO2 increased (11.3± 2.4 vs. 18.3± 3.5kPa) as did LDH (201 ± 119 vs. 324 ± 203 U/L) and lactate (3.6± 1.7 vs. 12.1± 1.5 mmol/L) (all p< 0.01); pCO2 decreased (4.1± 0.8 vs. 1.5± 0.7 mmHg; p< 0.01) and so did bicarbonate (6.6± 1.1 vs. 2.5± 1.4 mmol/L), glucose (5.6± 1.2 vs. 0.4± 0.4 mmol/L) and ATP (3.4± 0.9 vs. 2.5± 1.4nmol/108 platelets) (all p< 0.05). Triple-dose PCs processed with the TS sets fulfilled the quality requirements and displayed metabolic changes of expected extent during 7-day storage.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БАД «МАСЛО ЧЕРНОГО ТМИНА» ПРИ НАРУШЕНИЯХ СВЕРТЫВАНИЯ КРОВИ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ ЭКЗОГЕННОЙ ТРОМБИНЕМИЕЙ

In that work, the influence of the compositional composition of black cumin oil extract on the parameters of blood coagulation in male non-linear white rats was studied. A suspension of thrombin was injected into the jugular vein of laboratory animals, thereby initiating a hypercoagulable state. The parameters of platelet and plasma hemostasis were evaluated in blood plasma. A decrease in the degree of activation of platelet and plasma hemostasis was revealed, as well as an increase in the tolerance of the studied animals of the experimental group to the introduction of thrombin. Thus, Nigella Sativa seed oil has been found to have anticoagulant and antiaggregatory effects

Comparative evaluation of quality parameters of platelet stored in additive solution versus plasma

Introduction: Extension of the shelf life of platelets remains a challenge for transfusion services, and efforts techniques are required to extend the shelf life of platelets beyond 5 days without compromising their qualities. Materials and Methods: The study is being done to compare in vitro changes of platelet indices-platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width (PDW), pH and swirling in stored platelet concentrate (PC) with and without platelet additive solution (PAS) for 0,3,5,7 and 10 days. Results: Serial measurements of various parameters in PCs with and without PAS showed that PCs stored in PAS were better maintained and had optimal quality standards throughout the extended storage time as compared to the PCs without PAS. The results obtained in both categories were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed that the use of PAS in the PCs increased the shelf life and improved the viability of platelets as compared to the PCs without PAS.

Qualitative Evaluation of Platelet Concentrates Prepared with Different Methods

Introduction: One of the most important responsibility of Blood Bank is to ensure uninterrupted supply of quality blood products, namely Platelet Concentrate (PC), which are in high demand particularly during pandemic. In India, PCs are of three types prepared by different methods like Platelet Rich Plasma-Platelet Concentrate (PRP-PC), Buffy Coat Platelet Concentrates (BC- PC), and Single Donor Platelets (SDP) units. Hence, establishing optimum quality standards across all the three types of PC remains a challenge in order to maximum benefit to recipients. Aim: To assess and compare the quality parameters of platelet concentrate prepared by PRP-PC, BC-PC and apheresis methods (SDP). Materials and Methods: This laboratory based observational study was conducted at rural, tertiary care, postgraduate, teaching hospital located at South India from December 2018 to November 2019. A total of 156 PCs were studied with 52 units belonging to PRP method, 52 units BC-PC method and the remaining were 52 units of SDP prepared by apheresis method. Quality parameters include volume, pH, swirling, White Blood Cell (WBC) count/bag, platelet count/bag and platelet indices. Platelet indices include Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), and Platelet Large Cell Ratio (PLCR). Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis was also done to assess (pH, partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2), plasma bicarbonate (pHCO3-)). The p-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 used for statistical analysis. Results: All the 156 PC units were analysed as per the Director General of Health Services (DGHS) India, criteria. Among the 156 platelet concentrates scored as per DGHS criteria, a score of 5 was obtained for 34.61% [18/52], 30.76 [16/52] and 11.5% [6/52] SDP, BC-PC and PRP-PC units, respectively. All the PC units were sterile and Red Blood Cell (RBC) contamination was within acceptable limits. Conclusion: In this study, quality parameters of SDP was better than BC-PC and PRP-PC but with improvement and more standardisation of procedures and storage, BC-PC units can give a yield similar to that of SDP units.

P1699EFFECT OF UREMIA IN THE POSTOPERATIVE OF PREEMPTIVE LIVING-DONOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Getting a preemptive kidney transplant has many benefits but no studies have assessed the potential deleterious effect of uremia on peritransplant complications. Uremic toxins interact negatively with biologic functions and may contribute to infections and bleeding or thormbosis. Method we evaluated 255 living-donor kidney transplant recipients (117 preemptive and 138 non-preemptive) from January 2006 to December 2015. Patients iniciated immunosuppression treatment 3 days prior to transplant. Exclusion criteria included: history of solid organ transplant, chronic immunosuppression treatment at the time of transplant (including prednisone), peritransplant rituximab/eculizumab treatment and HIV infection. An analysis of baseline characteristics and the incidence of symptomatic infection, bleeding or thrombosis during first week was performed in both groups. To analyze bleeding, the need of transfusion, drop of hematocrit in 72h and need of bladder washout was assessed. Results baseline characteristics are descrived in table 1. Non preemptive patients were older (50 vs 46 years) and had a higher prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and dialypemia (22 vs 11% and 43 vs 30% respectively), without differences in the immunosupression scheme. The median eGFR in preemptive group at transplant was 12 ml/min. A more anemic profile was detected in the preemptive group with median hemoglobin of 116 vs 127 g/L in the non-preemptive group with no-differences in albumin levels. There were a total of 38 symptomatic infections (22 in the preemptive and 16 in the non-preemptive group), without statistical differences in the incidence between the groups (OR 1,75 CI 0,879-3,5, P =0,107). Hematocrit drop was greater in the non-preemptive group (8 vs 6 points in the first 72h p = 0.004) but thrombosis was more common in the preemptive group (5 vs 1, OR 6,116 CI 0,704-53,1, p = 0.062). Conclusion Uremia in preemptive living kidney transplant recipients does not seem to have influence on the incidence of infections in the first week after transplantation. The bleeding profile in the non-preemptive group in contrast to the prothrombotic profile in preemptive recipients needs further investigation in future studies that assess parameters of platelet and coagulation function as well as endothelial activation.

Platelet transfusion: A study of methods of preparation, storage, quality control, and indications of whole blood-derived platelet concentrates

Aims: To study the methods of preparation and storage of whole blood inferred platelet concentrates prepared by the platelet abundant plasma technique, assess the quality control (QC) parameters of whole blood inferred platelet concentrates and study the indications of platelet concentrate transfusion. Methods: The materials for the present study are a prospective study and were obtained from medico-oncological patients who underwent platelet transfusion therapy with the whole blood-derived platelet concentrates processed by platelet abundant plasma technique in the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital at Kozhikode, Kerala, India during the period of February 2018 to July 2018. The study undertaken in three parts: (1) Study of methods of preparation and storage of whole bloodinduced platelet-rich plasma (PRP) method, (2) Assessment of QC parameters of PRP platelet concentrates, and (3) Study of indications of platelet transfusion therapy in a tertiary care hospital for a period of six months. Results: In this study, 56 units of whole blood were collected and prepared 56 units of platelet concentrate. One percent of the 56 units prepared was tested of which 75% conformed to the platelet count of not less than 3.5 × 1010 and 4.5 × 1010 and 58% of units were found to have a platelet count of more than 4.5 × 1010. Hundred percent of the volume of platelet units in this study were between 40 and 70 mL and the pH value of all the units were &gt;6.2. The white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) contamination of all the units in this study were less than 1.5 × 109/L and 0.1 × 1012/L, respectively. Eighty-six percent of platelet concentrate units in this study were transfused to patients with hematological malignancies and the remaining 19%, 3%, 3% were transfused to nonhematologic malignancies, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and disseminated infections, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was revealed that only minority patients with malignancy required platelet transfusion; nevertheless, platelets were more usually transfused to patients with malignancy than to patients with some other kind of disease.

Actual quantitative attachment gain secondary to use of autologous platelet concentrates in the treatment of intrabony defects: A meta-analysis.

Background:There are no authoritative meta-analyses and no clear quantitative assessments available estimating effects of open flap debridement (OFD) combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) over and above that of OFD. This study evaluated the actual quantitative mean gain for various clinical (clinical attachment level [CAL], probing pocket depth [PPD] and gingival marginal level [GML]) and radiographic (intrabony defect depth [IBD]) parameters of Platelet Concentrates- PCs (PRP/PRF) as sole grafting material along with OFD and OFD alone in the treatment of intrabony defects.Materials and Methods:A detailed electronic search was carried out in PUBMED/MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EBSCOHOST, and Google Scholar databases by unifying related search terms with additional hand searches in select specialty journals up to May 2017. The eligibility criteria included human randomized clinical trials, either of a parallel group or a split-mouth design with follow-up period of at least 6 months. Periodontal intrabony defects with radiographic IBD ≥3 mm with corresponding CAL ≥5 mm were included. For the meta-analysis, the inverse variance method was used in fixed- or random-effect models.Results:Actual quantitative mean gains were calculated for OFD with PRF/PRP (CAL = 1.1 mm, IBD = 1.68 mm, PPD = 0.97 mm and GML = 0.48 mm) over and above that of OFD alone.Conclusion:Because of very high heterogeneity, the results may not be dependable. Apart from gains in radiographic bone fill, all other periodontal clinical parameters showed negligible gains. Using PRF technologies in periodontal intrabony defects may not be of great clinical significance over and above that of OFD alone, the effect sizes are also not large enough.

The influence of inflammation and hematocrit on clot strength in canine thromboelastographic hypercoagulability.

To investigate parameters causing canine thromboelastographic hypercoagulability and to investigate whether thromboelastography (TEG) with Cytochalasin D (Cyt D) added is related to parameters of platelet activity. Prospective observational study on hemostatic and inflammatory parameters. Data were collected between November 2012 and July 2013. University teaching hospital. Twenty-eight dogs suffering from diseases predisposing to thrombosis and 19 clinically healthy dogs. Diseased dogs were enrolled if they fulfilled inclusion criteria regarding age, size, informed client consent, and obtained a diagnosis of a disease that has been associated with thrombosis or hypercoagulability. None. Parameters of coagulation and anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, and antifibrinolysis, platelet activity, inflammation, platelet count, and hematocrit were measured using CBC, TEG, platelet aggregation on multiplate, platelet activity on flow cytometry, and hemostatic and inflammatory markers on plasma and serum analyses. ANOVA and multilinear regression analyses indicated that especially hematocrit and the inflammatory parameters C-reactive protein and interleukin-8 showed best association with overall clot strength in diseased dogs with hypercoagulable TEG tracings. Ratios presumed to reflect platelet contribution to the TEG tracing obtained in TEG analyses with Cyt D were related especially with hematocrit and P-selectin expression of platelets measured after γ-Thrombin activation on flow cytometry. Overall clot strength in TEG analyses of the hypercoagulable dogs included in the present study appears to be primarily associated with inflammation as well as hematocrit. Furthermore, the ratio between standard TEG analyses and TEG analyses with Cyt D may reflect some degree of platelet activity.

Influencing factors of transient elastography in detecting liver stiffness.

Liver stiffness, which correlates well with liver fibrosis stage, can be measured noninvasively by transient elastography, also known as Fibroscan. The present study aimed to determine the independent factors influencing Fibroscan detection by multiple regression analysis. A total of 181 patients who required liver biopsy were enrolled. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was detected by Fibroscan on the day of liver biopsy, while clinical information and routine biochemical examination results were also collected. Correlation was analyzed by Spearman's correlation, and multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the independent influencing factors. The results demonstrated that platelet (PLT) levels, serum albumin (ALB), prothrombin activity (PTA) and body mass index (BMI) were independent predictors of liver stiffness. The contribution of these four predictors to the regression equation was in the following descending order: PLT (negative correlation) > ALB (negative correlation) > PTA (negative correlation) > BMI (positive correlation). In conclusion, the parameters of PLT, ALB, PTA and BMI are independent predicting factors affecting Fibroscan detection. Therefore, the diagnosis and evaluation of liver fibrosis should comprehensively consider the results of Fibroscan, and clinical and laboratory examinations.

Abstract 295: Importance of the Rate of Platelet Activation by Thrombin for Regulating the Size of Thrombi Formed Under Low Blood Flow Velocity Conditions

Background: Platelets, coagulation cascade including thrombin and fibrin, and fibrinolysis by plasmin along with blood flow are known to play regulatory roles in thrombogenesis. However, quantitative and interactive contribution of these factors are not fully understood. Method: We developed a computer simulation model of thrombi at sites of vessel injury by implementing quantitative parameters of blood flow, platelet, coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis. In this model, we defined thrombi as the area where the amount of activated platelet become 80% or more of the global platelet count of 3.0х10 5 /mm 3 upon vessel damage We have measured the 3-dimensional size of thrombi as defined in various conditions with various parameters of flow velocity, rate of platelet activation by thrombin, rate of thrombin production on the surface of activated platelets, rate of fibrinolysis and rate of plasmin production. Results: Rate of platelet activation by thrombin had the largest influence on the size of thrombi under low flow rate condition of 0.5 (cm/sec) (Fig1 A). When blood flow rate increased to 2.0 (cm/sec), the absolute importance of this parameter decreased (Fig1 B). Conclusion: Our results show that the rate of platelet activation by thrombin, which are signaled with PAR-1 receptor in human, has a marked effect on the size of thrombi in low flow rate condition suggesting the benefit of blocking this receptor in low blood flow condition such as venous thrombosis.

Additive solutions differentially affect metabolic and functional parameters of platelet concentrates.

Pathogen inactivation (PI) of platelet concentrates with extension of shelf life to 7 days requires the use of platelet additive solutions (PAS). We examined the quality of platelets resuspended in three different PAS stored for up to 7 days. Twelve triple adult dose platelet concentrates (PC) were collected using the TrimaAccel® collection system. Each highly concentrated product was divided into three equal parts, and the additive solutions (Composol® or SSP+® or Intersol™) were added to a final concentration of 56% PAS and 44% plasma. Samples were drawn on days 1, 5 and 7 to measure pH, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, mean platelet volume (MPV) and the aggregation response to collagen and the thrombin receptor agonist peptide-6. Further, p-selectin expression on platelets was assessed. No statistically significant changes were observed for pH and MPV during 7 days of storage in all PAS containing PCs, whereas glucose decreased and LDH and lactate increased over time (P < 0·05). These changes were particularly evident in Intersol PCs on days 5 and 7 compared with Composol® PCs or SSP+® PCs (P < 0·05). Platelets from Intersol PCs exhibited the highest baseline activation of p-selectin and showed reduced collagen- and TRAP-6-induced aggregation. Resuspension of platelets in Intersol for 7 days results in increased platelet activation and platelet metabolism compared with SSP+® or Composol®. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate whether the observed differences in PAS-PCs affect the recovery rate or the life span of transfused platelets.

A retrospective cohort study of venous thromboembolism(VTE) in 1035 Japanese myeloma patients treated with thalidomide; lower incidence without statistically significant association between specific risk factors and development of VTE and effects of thromboprophylaxis with aspirin and warfarin

BackgroundRate of thalidomide-related VTE and risk factors in Japanese myeloma patients are not clear and effects of thromboprophylaxis remain controvertial. Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort data of registered Japanese myeloma patients treated with thalidomide-based regimens between 2009 and 2010. Primary endpoint was rate of symptomatic VTE. Secondary endpoints were associations between VTE and clinical factors including age, gender, disease characteristics and duration, history of VTE, immobilization, comorbidities, treatment regimens, and laboratory parameters of Hb, leukocyte, platelet and FDP or D-dimer level, and effects of thromboprophylaxis with aspirin or warfarin. Statistical analysis was performed by Fischer's exact test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test to control for confounders, and t test for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. Results1035 refractory or relapsed myeloma patients were followed up for a median of 112days(range 2–311days), and 14 (1.4%) developed VTE with a median treatment of 31days (range 9–134days) with thalidomide. Treatments with or without other agents lead to similar rates of VTE, 1.7% and 1.1%, respectively (p=0.43) and no specific clinical factors influenced development of VTE. Thromboprophylaxis with aspirin or warfarin did not reduce risk of VTE; VTE with or without aspirin: 1.4% and 1.3% (p=1.00), and warfarin: 2.4% and 1.3% (0.31), respectively. ConclusionsRate of VTE is low in Japanese myeloma patients treated with thalidomide. Risk factors and effects of thromboprophylaxis with aspirin or warfarin are not apparent, however, controlled randomized studies of larger scale are needed for statistically valid conclusion.

Metabolic and hemostatic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism

To identify hemostatic and metabolic abnormalities in patients with hypothyroidism of varying severity and duration and possible modifying effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the investigated parameters comprehensive analysis of the parameters of metabolism, platelet and plasma hemostasis in 69 patients with hypothyroidism and 36 patients having hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been performed. Decompensated hypothyroidism regardless of disease duration and presence of complications is accompanied by platelets hyperfunction. In subcompensated hypothyroidism the aggregation activity was not changed. The combination of type 2 diabetes in patients with decompensated and subcompensated hypothyroidism is accompanied by platelets activation, hypertriglyceridemia, increased platelets average volume and shortening of APTT.