Levels Of Different Parameters Research Articles

An adaptive regeneration framework based on search space adjustment for differential evolution

Differential evolution (DE) is a well-known evolutionary algorithm with simple operation and excellent performance, which has been applied to solve various optimization problems. To alleviate the problem of premature convergence or population stagnation faced by DE algorithm, this paper proposes an adaptive regeneration framework based on search space adjustment (ARSA), which can be easily embedded into various DE variants. When one individual cannot get improved for several generations, the ARSA framework will be triggered to randomly generate a substitute individual from a dynamic search space which is determined by a given adjustment mechanism controlled by two different levels of parameters. The trigger condition for each individual is adaptively controlled by its status in the current population. The space adjustment mechanism contains two strategies, one focuses on global exploration while the other on local exploitation. Moreover, the ARSA framework does not add any parameters that need to be pre-set, and all the included parameters are adaptive. To verify the availability of ARSA framework for solving complex optimization problems, thirty functions with different dimensions from IEEE CEC 2017 test platform and three real-life problems are employed for comparative experiments. The experimental results indicate that our ARSA framework notably improves the performance of two basic DE algorithms and six state-of-the-art DE variants.

Study of Physico-chemical parameters of drinking and waste waters in Central Mountains in WadiMaytum, Ieb District , Yemen.

In the present study an attempt has been made to know the concentration of different physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in drinking/waste water samples collected from various wells of WadiMaytum, Ieb District, Yemen. Temperature, pH , EC, TDS, Total hardness, Turbidity, alkalinity, BOD,COD,Total coliforms, Faecal streptococci, sodium, magnesium, iron, calcium, lead, chromium, cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, chloride, sulphate,nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and bicarbonate were assessed . The concentration levels of different parameters in the study samples are summarized , discussed and compared with drinking/waste water quality standards given by the WHO (1994;2006) APHA (2005)and SLS(1983) Standards. In our study, it was found that EC, TDS, TH, Alkalinity, COD, sodium, magnesium (except in closed well) , calcium and lead values were above permissible limit for drinking water whereas pH, turbidity, chlorine, sulphate, nitrates , nitrites, ammonia , iron, manganese, nickel (except in B and C wells), chromium, cadmium and copper values were within the permissible limit.

Preparation of Collagen Casings with High Mechanical Properties using Response Surface Methodology

Usages of plastic casing have a number of drawbacks like generation of waste associated with the materials used to package foods and the source of natural casings is limited. So, the interest in the development of biodegradable collagen casing is increasing. For this reason, the present study aimed at developing a new type of collagen casing sprayed with Tea Polyphenols (TP), sodium alginate and sodium pyrophosphate. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize concentrations of TP, sodium alginate and sodium pyrophosphate for the development of collagen casing. The optimization was done on the basis of responses viz. tensile force, tensile strength and elongation at break. The results showed that TP has a significant influence on tensile force and longitudinal tensile strength of collagen casing. Moreover, sodium alginate and sodium pyrophosphate had a significant effect on transverse elongation at break of collagen casing. The optimum level of different parameters resulting in collagen casing with maximum mechanical properties were obtained under conditions of 1.99% TP, 2.90% sodium alginate and 2.99% sodium pyrophosphate concentrations. Further verification test of the optimized conditions revealed a sufficient specific accuracy. The new type of collagen casing exhibited good mechanical properties, so these casings can be utilized for packaging in sausage industry.

Cellular manufacturing design and replenishment strategy in a capacitated supply chain system: A simulation-based analysis

This paper studies the integration of design and control phases in a three-echelon supply chain system of a blood sugar strip manufacturer. The first step is manufacturing system design based on layered Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) for which a mixed-integer linear programming approach is proposed in order to minimize the required number of cells. The novelty of the proposed model is in incorporating shifts into layered CMS design. In the second step of the design phase inventory parameters in different levels of the supply chain are estimated based on the continuous review, fixed order quantity (Q,r) model. Control phase is triggered by releasing customer order for multiple types of products and includes replenishments in the three echelons of the supply chain and scheduling in the layered CMS. In order to evaluate the system cost, the capacitated supply chain system is simulated in Simio software package. In the first phase of the simulation, cost components are obtained based on the inventory parameters estimated in the design phase. Next, simulation based on OptQuest feature is performed to improve total cost and estimate the inventory parameters and expected cell utilization. Comparing system cost and the parameters from the design phase to the results of the OptQuest approach evaluates the manufacturing system design and the replenishment policy proposed in the design phase. Sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the effect of shortage penalty and inventory carrying rate on the total cost of the system. Finally, statistical analysis result indicate Re-Order Point (ROP) values obtained by the OptQuest have significantly changed compared with ROP values estimated in the design phase; however, the same conclusion is not applicable for order quantity values.

MODELLING STUDIES ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF LAMINATED GLASS CUT BY ABRASIVE WATER JET

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) is a non-traditional machining process used for cutting ductile, brittle and hard materials. AWJ cuts almost all materials, absence of thermal distortion, high flexibility, smaller cutting forces, no heat affected zone and being environmentally friendly. In the present study an attempt has been made to study Depth of Cut (DOC) and Surface Roughness of laminated glass cut by AWJ. Jet Pressure (p), Speed of Traverse (u) and Flow rate of abrasive (ṁ) are varied at three different levels. A total of 27 experiments considering different levels of parameters have been carried out on a trapezoidal shaped laminated glass of 38 mm thickness. DOC is measured with height measuring gauge. The effect of parameters on surface roughness and DOC is obtained through main effect plot. Surface Roughness (Ra) values are measured at the wear region along cut direction. Dimensional analysis modelling for Ra is carried out to predict the model equation for Ra by Buckingham’s π –method. Comparison of model average Ra and experimental average Ra is carried out to predict the suitability of the model.

Prediction of mechanical properties of quaternary nanocomposites based on polypropylene using fuzzy logic

The goal of the present study is to investigate and predict the mechanical properties, including impact strength, elastic modulus, and elongation-at-break of quaternary nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)/glass fiber (GL)/graphene nanosheets (GPn) by fuzzy logic. Three parameters in different levels, including EPDM, GL, and GPn, were chosen for combination with a PP matrix. The fuzzy logic surfaces showed that the EPDM rubber and GPn had the main role in the elastic modulus of nanocomposites. The high levels of EPDM content resulted in a considerable increase in impact strength and, generally, the presence of EPDM had no effect on elongation-at-break.

Determining the average service time of the package on the Internet of things

The Internet of Things as a complex system with delays in signal and control information can predict its state and solve problems of service quality management in real time. The described interdependence of network parameters of different levels allows us to consider the impact on the network. In general, we can say that changes in this network occur due to certain factors that affect the values of network parameters, and these actions can affect any network at any level, which usually leads to changes throughout the network. A representation for estimating the average value of the packet service time in the Internet of Things is proposed, a model of station behavior in the form of a Markov chain with a discrete integer time, the unit of which is a virtual slot, is constructed. Based on the accepted model, we should consider 3 types of virtual slots: «empty», «successful» and «collision» slot. For these cases, we obtained the basic probability calculation formulas. Demographic parameters, territorial parameters and a generalized indicator, which includes many events affecting the network, were chosen as the main external influences. Changes that lead to the influence of external factors on the subsystem may be some actions to modernize the network or vice versa - failure of any element of the subsystem. However, when running a distributed application, there is a conflict between the balanced distribution of objects on the processors and the low speed of messaging between processors. If logical processes are distributed between processors in such a way that the communication costs between them are reduced to zero, then some processors may be idle, while others will be overloaded. Otherwise, a «well-balanced» system will require high communication costs. Therefore, the balancing strategy should be such that the computing nodes are loaded fairly evenly, but the communication environment should not be overloaded. This description of the functioning of the Internet of Things allows you to predict the state of the network to choose appropriate management solutions to improve the forecast situation.

Role of serum magnesium level as an indicator of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by various etiological factors that lead to different metabolic dysregulations. Magnesium (Mg) is supposed to have some role in glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes and also with the disease progression. This study was taken up to estimate the level of serum Mg and correlate the same with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Aim and Objective: The present study was conducted to estimate serum Mg level in type 2 DM patients and find out if there is any correlation with HbA1c. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 50 patients of type 2 diabetes were taken and levels of different parameters – fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c, and serum Mg were estimated and analyzed statistically. Results: The mean serum Mg in cases is 1.64 ± 0.15 mg/dl and mean serum Mg in controls is 1.9 ± 0.16 mg/dl. Mean HbA1c in cases is 7.49 ± 1.22% and mean HbA1c in controls is 4.64 ± 0.36%. There is a negative correlation between serum Mg levels and HbA1c. Conclusion: In this study, inverse correlation was found between serum Mg level and HbA1c. Further larger study will be needed to strengthen the results revealed.

Physical, structural and thermal properties of composite edible films prepared from pearl millet starch and carrageenan gum: Process optimization using response surface methodology

The present study aimed at developing edible composite films from pearl millet starch (PMS) and carrageenan gum (CG) blends. Central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology was used to optimize concentrations of PMS (2–5%), carrageenan (1–3.5%) and glycerol (15–35%) for the development of composite film. The optimization was done on the basis of responses viz. thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility and tensile strength (TS). Both starch and carrageenan concentrations positively affected the TS of films, whereas the reverse trend was observed with increased concentration of glycerol. The optimum level of different parameters resulting in a composite film with maximum TS and lower WVP and solubility values were obtained under conditions of 4.9% starch, 5% carrageenan and 15.73% plasticizer concentrations. The melting temperature of optimized PMS/CG film was higher than PMS film. Morphological studies exhibited homogeneous structure of PMS film while PMS/CG composite film had rough, coarser and slightly irregular surface. The stretched regions in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimeter analysis confirmed the miscibility and thermal stability of different components of PMS/CG composite films. The results indicated that the developed optimized PMS/CG film possessed lower WVP, solubility but higher transparency and TS in comparison to PMS film.

Multi Criteria Optimization Approaches in Electric Discharge Machining

Abstract Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a prime technique employed to the materials that are almost impossible to be cut by conventional machining. Performance of the EDM is assessed on the ground of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), Relative Wear Ratio (RWR) and Surface Roughness (SR). The major factors affecting the above performance are Voltage, Pulse on time, Current, Pulse off time, Inter Electrode Gap & Duty cycle. An extensive work had been performed by the pioneer researchers in the field of optimization for aforesaid performance measures against several process parameters. Every researcher uses different materials with different levels of parameters whereas some use same materials but with a different input, output parameters and different levels to variate and see the differences. To solve the problem efficiently different researchers used various optimization techniques some of which are Taguchi, RSM, ANOVA, MOGA II, Passing Vehicle Search Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, GRA, Full Factorial Approach, VIKOR index, Stochastic Algorithm etc. It was felt that a review would be essential to know the comparison and the subsequent contribution of the different parameters, performance output, algorithm & various optimization techniques being used to optimize the process parameters and their resulting effect on the performance. The purpose of this paper is to study the emerging trends and researches done in the area of EDM. Various multi criterion optimization techniques have been reviewed in this paper.

ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЦЕФАЛОГРАФІЯ НЮХОВИХ СТРУКТУР МОЗКУ ССАВЦІВ В ПРОЦЕСІ СПРИЙНЯТТЯ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ЗАПАХОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ

Introduction. A comparative analysis of the electrical activity of olfactory bulbs and the pyriform cortex of guinea pigs, rats and mice under conditions of spontaneous behavior and upon presentation of odor stimuli was carried out. The revealed dynamics of the spectral phenomena of the rhinencephalic structures is discussed in terms of the possibility of considering the high-frequency components of electrical activity separately from the olfactory function. Purpose. The purpose of this work was to find out the neurophysiological mechanisms of the formation and manifestation of various components of electrical activity of rhenecepfal structures in macrosomatic laboratory animals at different levels of behavioral activity, under the action of odors. Methods. Chronic electrophysiological experiments were performed on 6 guinea pigs, 5 rats and 5 laboratory mice. When carrying out spectral analysis of the isolated traditional frequency bands and vysokochastotnykh strip components, namely, 25-90, 25-48 and 52 - 150 Hz, by conducting a parallel analysis of the whole dynamic spectra without isolation of individual bands . Results. Experimental data indicate the feasibility of the characteristics of EA ranavalona structures with formation of polymorphic desynchronous activity, respiratory waves, olfactoamygdalar rhythm and PAS. Analysis potugese-frequency changes of these phenomena allows to fine to reflect the activation level of the SLA and the level of behavioral excitability of animals. Originality . Spectral characteristics of the basic patterns of electrical activity in the olfactory bulbs of mammalian, the dynamics of its potugese-frequency parameters for different levels of behavioural activity, a comparative analysis of their main characteristics was refined. Conclusion. Thus, the obtained experimental data indicate the feasibility of the isolated consideration of the phenomena olfacto-amygdalar rhythm, synchronized high-frequency activity and respiratory waves, as they may have different functional nature.

Preparation Technology for Cementing Material of Colored Asphalt Pavement

With the basic principle of polymer chemistry and physics as basis, the preparation technology of colored asphalt was proposed and main technological parameters and parameter level were selected. The influential technological parameters in different levels acting on the performance of cementing material were analyzed through range analysis. On this basis, the critical factors affecting the performance of cementing material and optimal technological parameters for cementing material preparation were found.

Diseño de oficinas en el Mediterráneo. La importancia del bienestar, la salud y el rendimiento de los usuarios

Estudios previos han investigado la influencia de la calidad del ambiente interior (CAI) de las oficinas en el bienestar, salud y rendimiento de los empleados. Sin embargo, no parecen haberse explorado explícitamente cuáles son las condiciones ambientales apropiadas para los diferentes patrones de trabajo que conviven en estos espacios. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio empírico, basado en mediciones sincronizadas de diferentes parámetros CAI (i.e., ruido, iluminación y temperatura), y el bienestar, la salud y el rendimiento de 71 empleados ubicados en doce espacios de oficinas de la Comunidad Valenciana durante tres periodos, considerando invierno y verano. Estos resultados referentes al primer invierno monitorizado, sugieren la existencia de diferentes parámetros óptimos asociados a diferentes niveles de complejidad de la tarea para el clima mediterráneo; y abren nuevas vías de investigación para establecer un modelo de Oficinas Inteligentes y Sostenibles (SSO) y desarrollar herramientas de apoyo al diseño y la gestión de las mismas.

ЕЛЕКТРИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НЮХОВИХ ЦИБУЛИН СІРІЙСЬКИХ ХОМ’ЯКІВ (MESOCRICETUSAURATUS)

Introduction . The article carried out a spectral analysis of the electrical activity of olfactory bulb Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an animal with a well-developed smell in normal and under odor stimulation. Comparison of the electrical activity of olfactory bulbs of animals with different levels of complicated bark, namely: guinea pigs (Cavia) and Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as animals with well-developed odors and slightly differentiated neocortex compared to EA rats (Rattus), which can also to be attributed to smooth-throated species. Significant differences of topographic features of the spindles of the alfacto-amygdala rhythm are revealed, significant power-frequency differences of the averaged spectra of high-frequency components and different frequency distribution of individual components within the characteristic spindles. Purpose. The aim of this work was to conduct a spectral analysis of the electrical activity of the olfactory bulbs of Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as animals with a well developed sense of smell and little differentiated neocortex to identify the functional values of the individual patterns. Methods . Work is performed in conditions of chronic experiment on 6 outbred Syrian hamster weighing 130-150 g.When carrying out spectral analysis of the isolated traditional frequency bands and vysokochastotnykh strip components, namely, 25-90, 25-48 and 52 - 150 Hz, by conducting a parallel analysis of the whole dynamic spectra without isolation of individual bands. Results . Experimental data indicate the feasibility of the characteristics of EA ranavalona structures with formation of polymorphic desynchronous activity, respiratory waves, olfacto-amygdalar rhythm and PAS. Analysis potugese-frequency changes of these phenomena allows to fine to reflect the activation level of the SLA and the level of behavioral excitability of animals. Originality .Refined spectral characteristics the basic patterns of electrical activity in the olfactory bulbs of Syrian hamster , the dynamics of its potugese-frequency parameters for different levels of behavioural activity, a comparative analysis of their main characteristics. Conclusion . Thus, the obtained experimental data indicate the feasibility of the isolated consideration of the phenomena olfacto-amygdalar rhythm, synchronized high-frequency activity and respiratory waves, as they may have different functional nature.

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Tobacco Fields: The Integrated Evaluation of Nutritional Intake and Susceptibility on Genomic and Epigenetic Instability.

Pesticides used at tobacco fields are associated with genomic instability, which is proposed to be sensitive to nutritional intake and may also induce epigenetic changes. We evaluated the effect of dietary intake and genetic susceptibility polymorphisms in MTHFR (rs1801133) and TERT (rs2736100) genes on genomic and epigenetic instability in tobacco farmers. Farmers, when compared to a nonexposed group, showed increased levels of different parameters of DNA damage (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds), evaluated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Telomere length (TL) measured by quantitative PCR was shorter in exposed individuals. Global DNA methylation was significantly decreased in tobacco farmers. The exposed group had lower dietary intake of fiber, but an increase in cholesterol; vitamins such as B6, B12, and C; β-carotene; and α-retinol. Several trace and ultratrace elements were found higher in farmers than in nonfarmers. The MTHFR CT/TT genotype influenced nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, and TL in the exposed group, whereas TERT GT/TT only affected micronucleus frequency. We observed a positive correlation of TL and lipids and an inverse correlation of TL and fibers. The present data suggest an important role of dietary intake and subjects' genetic susceptibility to xenobiotics-induced damages and epigenetic alterations in tobacco farmers occupationally exposed to mixtures of pesticides.

Evaluating A Training Process: A Live Study

A descriptive study was conducted on training process and it effectiveness in Essel Propack. “Regular training and development is an investment that will allow employees to prosper and develop their careers while giving the company's business a highly skilled workforce and a competitive advantage in the market”. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS software and stated satisfaction level of different parameters. It was found that employees were satisfied with certain parameters like training policy, training methodologies, trainer evaluation, learning, behaviour, reaction and results. There were certain parameters that needed improvement like trainer effectiveness, results and training methodologies. The overall training effectiveness was calculated as 3.5933, which showed people were satisfied with their current job trainings but still measures should to be taken to improve the effectiveness level. Certain suggestions and recommendations were given to improve the training process and its effectiveness. Outsourced trainings should be more and more encouraged. There should be a post-course discussion between the participants and his/her boss or management. Pre-course assessment of learner's knowledge and skills should be done prior to the training with the help of a test or a quiz. An action plan for the implementation of learning must be drawn immediately after training.

Inverse Deduction of Parameters of Ring of Zonal Testing Instrument Based on RBF Neural Network Model

According to the demand of exploiting the poor-thin oil layer in Dagang oilfield, Zonal testing Instrument designed. The sealing function which is respectively accomplished through the ring is the key techniques of Zonal testing Instrument. For the aim of designing the sealing function, firstly, the sealing structure of ring is introduced. Then in order to calculate contact stress of test model with combinations of different levels of parameters corresponding to different compactions of sealing ring structure, FEM model of sealing ring was established and analyzed. At the same time with normalized different levels of parameters of sealing ring structure for input targets and simultaneously normalized results of model test for output variables, parameters of ring structure were inversely deducted with RBF neural network model; With the use of these parameters were carried out with ANSYS software in this paper, shows that it is feasible that unsaturated parameters are inversely deduced with RBF neural network mode.

Tribological Behavior at Dry Sliding by Electric Current of Cu-Cr-S Alloy after Equal Channel Angular Pressing

The wear tests of ultrafine-grained Cu-0.68Cr-0.02S energy alloy after equal channel angular pressing followed heat treatment were carried out in alloy-graphite sliding pair system without lubricant at different contact electrical current density. The sutable microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of severely deformed alloy have been formed on the samples with different levels of parameters of thermomechanical processing. The microstructure and wear surfaces of the samples have been studied using optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer. The results illustrated that the mass loss at wear, wear rate and wear mechanism depend on microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity of test materials as well as normal pressure stress and electrical current density on the contact surface. The mechanical and physical properties of alloy, testing parameters and their influence on the wear rate as well as wear mechanism are analyzed.

Application of Taguchi Method for Parametric Studies of a Funnel Shaped Structure Used for Noise Reflection with Source on the Center

In this paper, attempt has been made to minimize sound reflection from the wall by using Taguchi’s method and to find optimal structure for the suggested test-section inside the cavitation tunnel. The suggested structure which was added to the test-section is funnel-shaped with a performance like a check valve. In order to obtain approximate values of five independent parameters, three levels were taken into account for each parameter. By combining parameters of different levels, 27 tests were designed using Taguchi’s method and Minitab Software. Different acoustic analyses were conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics software, and defined parameter of general reflection coefficient was obtained for 21 observer points. Applying the general reflection coefficients to Minitab Software and drawing the SNR graph, approximate values of the parameters were obtained. However, these values did not produce enough accuracy to design the optimal structure. For this reason, five levels around optimal values, obtained from the previous analysis, were considered for each parameter. Same steps were repeated again for the parameters at five levels and optimal values were obtained. Optimal structure was modelled and analyzed. Consequently, appropriate defined parameters of general and local reflection coefficients were extracted which represented an optimal structure for the intended test section.

Phenomena identification and ranking table for passive residual heat removal system in IRWST

The passive residual heat removal system (PRHR) plays an important role in AP1000 passive core cooling system during non-LOCA accidents. The temperature of the water in the in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) will increase while the decay heat is removed through the C-tube heat exchanger under accident conditions, resulting in the change of heat transfer mechanism. Therefore, it is essential to study the relevant pool boiling phenomenon in IRWST by means of experiment. To ensure to capture the major ones from a large amount of influence factors associated with pool boiling in IRWST, the phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) was analyzed in this paper. The PRHR system was firstly divided into different modules and components based on the PIRT flow chart, and then the general factors associated with local heat transfer were discussed under different pool boiling stages. Finally, the importance levels of different parameters on heat transfer process were evaluated, which can provide some reference for future design of new PRHR system.