Parameters Of Description Research Articles

Improper statistics of the radiation from a randomly rotating source

In a previous study [J. Opt. 19, 0905603 (2017)JOOPDB0150-536X10.1088/2040-8986/aa7cac], we revealed that the complete second-order statistics of narrowband polarized waves are characterized by 13 parameters, in contrast to the four parameters of the traditional Stokes vector description of the statistics of partially polarized light. In this study, we analyzed the second-order statistics of the field of a randomly rotating source of electromagnetic radiation and showed that it includes covariance of the right- and left-circular polarizations that are not captured by the Stokes vector formalism. We illustrate this finding using simple examples of rotating quadrupoles and dipole pairs.

Reliability of probes for CNC machine tools

So far, the issue of degradation of touch-trigger probe accuracy during measurements on CNC machines has not been addressed. In the article, for the first time, a procedure for testing and predicting the accuracy and reliability of probes used in machine tools was proposed and experimentally verified. Reliability test procedure covering 30 million triggers was performed under laboratory conditions. Based on the obtained results, a concept of the probe reliability testing procedure was proposed, and an attempt was made to assess the impact of the operational process on the probe's metrological parameters. An important issue of this work is to develop a concept for the analysis and interpretation of the results of such a process by determining which parameters of the probe description provide the most information about the degradation process and how to predict the operating time of such a device.

A novel method for optimization of flat monopole antennas with the help of a universal definition for geometric shapes

In this research, a novel method is proposed optimization of flatted ultra-wideband monopole antennas. In this method, the shape of the antennas is described in general terms. This general description allows the antennas to take all kinds of shapes during the optimization process and finally, an optimal form for an ultra-wideband monopole is obtained. The parameters of this general description are obtained according to the design constraints in a two-stage optimization process (including global and local optimization). The optimization to achieve the acceptable impedance matching in the working band and reduction of the distortion of the radiation waves is to be done. Due to the efficiency of the optimization method, by applying strict-tightening constrictions on the size of the antenna, smaller antennas with the same performance as the best flat monopole antennas are designed. The main optimization program runs in Matlab Software, but the analysis of antennas at each stage of optimization is executed in the CST Microwave Studio Software. For this purpose, with the help of Visual Basic for Applications programming, an automated link is created between the MATLAB Software and CST Microwave Studio Software. The optimization results showed the ability of this method to design very small antennas with desired functional characteristics. The results showed that the return loss for the entire operational spectrum is below − 10 dB. Also, the correlation coefficient of the proposed planar super wideband monopole antenna has different values in different radiation angles.

Les parties du corps humain dans les phrasèmes à valeur intensive en français et en polonais – vers une étude contrastive

The first objective of this study is a contrastive analysis that will allow us to highlight the similarities (cf. jouer comme un pied/grać jak noga) and also the divergences (cf. faire des pieds et des mains pour qqch/bronić czegoś rękami i nogami) between phraseosomatisms [expressions with body-parts nouns] of intensifying value in French and Polish languages; as the examined phraseosomatisms are not always transparent, the usefulness of such studies for translating and for French language teaching is obvious. The second objective, which is closely related to the first, is to propose a detailed description of some selected expressions, to verify which parameters of such description should be integrated into the microstructure of our future bilingual Polish-French dictionary: Electronic Dictionary of Intensifying Expressions (in Polish: Słownik Elektroniczny Wyrażeń Intensyfikujących, or SEWI).

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НА БИОФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ФОРМЫ «ГЛАЗНЫЕ ПЛЁНКИ»

Abstract. The spread of ophthalmic infectious diseases around the world and uniformity of the market of dosage forms for their therapy generate an incentive for scientists to develop innovative drug forms, to create improved therapy for such diseases as uevitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis and blepharitis. There are two types of eye dosage forms on the market of the Russian Federation - drops and ointments, which have a short shelf life after the first application, a high risk of microbial infection and infection of a "healthy" eye. Based on these facts, the study aims to develop a solid extended dosed biodegradable ocular insert for use in ophthalmotherapy. This article is devoted to the peculiarities of influence of film forming agents of different nature, plasticizer and solubilizing agent (poloxamer) and their ratio on the biopharmaceutical properties of the polymeric base of ocular insert. Polymers of both natural and semi-synthetic nature (hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium alginate, xanthan and gellan gum) were used to create the polymeric basis. Placebo inserts were formed at room temperature in open space for three days. The test of the samples was carried out according to the parameters of description, elasticity, dissolution time, humidity, which include in the State Pharmacopeia XIV, and mucohedhesion, that is an important parameter for locally administering on mucosa, although it is not regulated in official documents. The series of experiments showed the optimum concentrations and ratios of the auxiliary substances used, namely 0.5% to 2.5% for film type manufacturers, 2% for plasticizers and 0.5% for poloxamers, respectively. The formulations that showed the best performance when evaluating the parameters were - sodium alginate 2.5%, glycerin 2%, poloxamer 0.5%, water purified up to 40.0; xanthan gum 0.4%, glycerin 2%, poloxamer 0.5%, water purified up to 40.0.have a wide variation in different age categories, which requires further study. on additional samples of children in the region.

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on MFDFA-SPS and ELM

Rolling bearings, as important parts on supporting rotating shafts, frequently suffer from fatigue failures. If these rolling bearing failures are not found in time, it will have a huge impact on the whole mechanical system’s operating safety and operating life. To improve the diagnosis of different faults as well as different degrees of faults, a fault diagnosis method based on the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) method-singularity power spectrum (SPS) with extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. First, MFDFA and SPS analyses are performed on vibration acceleration signals with different faults and different degrees of damage under the same operating conditions, the spectral parameters of stability and quantitative description of differentiation are selected for feature extraction, and then the selected six feature parameters are put into the extreme learning machine for fault classification. The effectiveness of the MFDFA-SPS feature extraction method is demonstrated by analyzing and testing the measured bearing signals. The fault diagnosis accuracy of the bearing fault signals can reach 99.2% based on the MFDFA-SPS with ELM method by using the Case Western Reserve database. The improvements are 6.79% and 18.42% compared to the fault diagnosis methods based on MFDFA with ELM and SPS with ELM. Compared with the methods based on MFDFA-SPS with LSSVM classifier and SVM classifier, the accuracy improvements are 3.54% and 4.25%, respectively. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve the diagnosis of bearing faults and the method based on MFDFA-SPS with ELM is more efficient than the methods based on MFDFA-SPS with LSSVM and SVM classifiers, which is suitable for practical engineering problem-solving.

Parameters of Lexicographic Description of New Vocabulary of Modern German in Electronic Dictionary of Neologisms of Leibniz Institute for German Language

The problem of lexicographic fixation of neologisms at the present stage of development of German-language lexicography by private explanatory dictionaries of electronic format is considered. A fairly successful example of lexicographic practice was chosen as the object of the study — an electronic dictionary of neologisms of the modern German language on the lexicographic online portal of the Leibniz Institute for the German Language. The dictionary is a “living”, constantly updated edition, which is based on the criteria for the definition and classification of neologisms, developed by its compilers. The authors of the article performed an analysis of the parameters of the lexicographic description of neologisms in this dictionary. The question is raised about the mandatory or optional nature of the parameters used by the compilers of the dictionary when forming the microtext (dictionary entry). Standard and specific parameters of lexicographic description, which are profile for the dictionary of new words are distinguished: example-definition, first fixation, language reflection, encyclopedic information, representation in dictionaries, etc. The analysis of lexicographic practice sets the task of summarizing the practical experience of lexicographers in order to determine the optimal set of parameters for the codification of neology.

A New Approach to Represent Impact of Discontinuity Spacing and Rock Mass Description on the Median Fragment Size of Blasted Rocks Using Image Analysis of Rock Mass

Several in-situ rock mass properties and blasthole parameters can affect the rock fragmentation. Because of the complexity of the variables affecting the fragmentation results of blasted rocks, to predict a proper value of the median fragment size has long been a difficult task. The blastability index (BI) represents the effect of five parameters of rock mass description (RMD), joint plane spacing (JPS), joint plane orientation, specific gravity and uniaxial compressive strength on the rock fragmentation. The median discontinuity spacing significantly varies with varying the scanline direction and an acceptable value of the median discontinuity spacing will not be expected in practice. The JPS rating also has a constant value of 20 for a wide range of joint spacing values between 0.1 and 1 m, whereas joint spacing can be in this range for most cases. A new method using image analysis of the in-situ rock mass was applied to represent JPS and RMD (belonging to one of the cases: friable, blocky and massive) as an alternative solution. The images contain the details of all individual discontinuities and interlocked in-situ small and large rock blocks. BI, rock strength factor, blasthole parameters, powder factor, fragment size distribution of blasted rock and in-situ block size distribution using image analysis technique were assessed in 15 zones of Sungun open pit copper mine, Angouran lead and zinc open pit mine, Bonab silica mine, Soufian limestone mine and Rashakan limestone mine. The results for rock mass properties and blasthole patterns cover a wide range using different mines. The fragment size distribution was assessed by Split Desktop program with proper delineating images using the Pixler software and blasting was carried out with electric delay detonators. The relations between fragment size and parameters such as in-situ block size (F50), σc, rating of joint plane orientation, powder factor (q), ϕh, Q and Lc were analyzed. The relations with high correlations were achieved by applying the new approach for the defined conditions. Not only the problem of assessing discontinuity spacing has been improved using this method but also the lower number of parameters that properly represent the factors affecting the rock fragmentation have been used. The results were also analyzed by the Sanchidrian and Ouchterlony model and modified Kuz–Ram models. The fragment size obtained by the new method in this study, Sanchidrian and Ouchterlony model and extended modified Kuz–Ram model by Cunningham (in: Proceedings of 3rd world conference on explosives and blasting, Brighton, 2005) after using correction factor [c(A)] significantly better fitted to the results than the modified Kuz–Ram models by Cunningham (in: Fourney, Dick (eds) Proceedings of 2nd international symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting, Keystone, 1987) and Gheibie et al. (Int J Rock Mech Min 46(6):967–973, 2009).

Late gadolinium enhancement in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot: A systematic review

PurposeThe aim of this study is to review the literature concerning myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) with cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), with regards to its prevalence, characteristics and clinical relevance. MethodsWe performed a systematic search, aiming to retrieve original articles that evaluated LGE in ToF, running a search string on MEDLINE and EMBASE in November 2019 and November 2020. Papers were then selected by two independent, blinded readers based on title and abstract, and then on full-text reading, and articles which did not include LGE evaluation were excluded. From each included paper two readers extracted descriptive data concerning technical parameters of LGE acquisition, LGE description and clinical significance. Results18 articles were eventually included in our review. The included studies observed that a higher amount of right ventricular LGE relates with higher right ventricular volumes, lower ejection fraction and a higher pulmonary regurgitant fraction, thus acting as a marker of progressive impairment of myocardial function. Moreover, LGE in ToF patients correlated with the onset of arrhythmias, and with serum biomarkers indicative of myocardial stress and fibrosis. ConclusionsLGE could be used in the follow-up repaired ToF patients as its appraisal can provide information concerning cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, it may be ideal to aim towards a common framework for standardizing assessment and quantification of LGE in ToF patients.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ КООРДИНАТНОГО ОПИСАНИЯ НА ТОЧНОСТЬ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПЛОЩАДИ ЗОН С ОСОБЫМИ УСЛОВИЯМИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ЛИНЕЙНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ

The relevance of the study lies in the substantiation of taking into account the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description of zones with special conditions for the use of territories (ZSCUT), the elongation of which for linear objects leads to a significant decrease in the accuracy of determining their areas. As a result, the aim of the work is to study the influence of the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description of the ZSCUT on the accuracy of determining the area of such zones. The study applies the methods of computational experiment, analysis and generalization, and analyses the characteristics of these zones for linear real estate objects and the geometric parameters of such ob-jects, presented on digital plans and maps. A ZSCUT model is proposed, which includes two subsys-tems of statistical and dynamic parameters and criteria for assessing the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description of zones. The functional relationship between the dynamic parameters and the accuracy of determining the area is revealed. The conclusion is substantiated that, taking into account the dynamic parameters of the coordinate description, it is possible to increase the accuracy of deter-mining the area of ZSCUT, which allows the modern direction of cadastral activities modernization when entering information about the zones boundaries into the unified state register of real estate.

Semantic and Pragmatic Parameters of Quasi-Symbols Description (Based on the Example of the Cultural Fetish Code)

The article considers one of the units forming the linguistic and cultural
 level ‒ a quasi-symbol, which denotes ideas in an imperative form. The differential
 feature of the quasi-symbol is the fact that it encourages certain actions; it
 models the interpretant’s behavior. This unit is characterized by vivid imagery
 and it may include an evaluative and emotive component in its meaning. The
 semantics of the quasi-symbol is characterized by multiple layers. The article
 discusses and tests the parameters of lexicography of the quasi-symbol using the
 example of units characterizing the cultural fetish code.
 The main research method is linguistic and cultural interpretation,
 which consists in interpreting the semantics of a unit, characterizing its pragmatic
 properties in cultural categories. The study finds that the names of symbols
 and quasi-symbols can coincide formally. The semantics of the quasisymbol
 may differ significantly from the meaning of the correlating symbol. It is shown that the functional specificity of the name acting as a cultural symbol is unambiguous: a unit performs one cultural function. The basis for forming a symbolic meaning is the observation of the object usage and its properties. The article proves that the quasi-symbol can have a more complex semantic
 structure in comparison with the correlating symbol represented by the
 object. The main intentions of quasi-symbols include a statement of the situation, assessment, and warning. The paper determines the parameters sufficient for lexicography of the quasi-symbol such as significative content, an interpretant, the basis for the formation of a symbolic meaning, intentionality and features of functioning.

Using a dynamically selective support vector data description model to discover novelties in the control system of electric arc furnace

As increasing data-driven control strategies are applied in electric arc furnace systems, the problem of novelty detection has drawn more attentions than before. The presence of outliers should be the main obstacle in practical applications for these advanced control techniques. To this end, this paper proposes a dynamically selective support vector data description model to discover novelties in electric arc furnace. In this model, support vector data description plays the role of base detector. Artificial outliers are generated with two objectives, one is to assist the dynamic selection, and the other is to optimize two parameters of support vector data description. Then clustering technique is used to determine the validation set for each test point. Finally, a probabilistic method is used to compute the competence of base detectors. In contrast to other novelty ensembles that have parallel structures, our ensemble model has a dynamic selection mechanism that could facilitate the mining of the potential of base detectors. Three synthetic and three real-world datasets are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed detection model. Experimental results have approved our method by comparing it with several competitors.

Von Neumann Entropy Distribution with Influence Factors in Matrix Product States

Different kinds of description and measure of multispin quantum correlation (MSQC) and the corresponding influence factors investigation not only advance the understanding of MSQC organization and structure, but also concern different kinds of specific potential applications with the superiorities compared to the corresponding classical ones. The previous conventional condensed matter theory approach researches all focused on some existing kinds of MSQC description and measure on the concrete interaction-model parameters based on a few ground-state solvable models. Here by using Matrix Product States (MPSs), we not only investigate the MSQC varying with the concrete interaction model parameters, but also investigate other influence factors including the total spin number (TSN) and the characteristic parameters of the MSQC concrete description and measure, starting with Von Neumann Entropy (VNE) distribution with influence factors. The long-wavelength VNE behavior is also investigated and analyzed. We then further study their physical mechanisms, especially for long-range MSQC beyond our previous cognition.

Глагольно-именные сочетания немецкого языка: параметры описания и классификации

The study aims to specify the system of parameters used to classify and describe the German fixed verbal-nominal combinations consisting of a functional verb and a deverbative noun. The article systematises their distinctive features, draws a comparison between different approaches to describing these units in scientific and educational literature. The research is novel in that it adds to the list of parameters by means of the features typical of nominal components representing specificity of these structures in the German language, which makes it possible to describe their functionality. Following on the results of the study, the author suggests considering actional and syntactic characteristics of a noun’s initial verb, a degree, to which a noun retains its processual semes, and related variative potencies of a noun as additional parameters of classification and description.

Towards a Stylistics of Phonography: Elements and Parameters of Description

Towards a Stylistics of Phonography: Elements and Parameters of Description

A generative learning model for saccade adaptation.

Plasticity in the oculomotor system ensures that saccadic eye movements reliably meet their visual goals—to bring regions of interest into foveal, high-acuity vision. Here, we present a comprehensive description of sensorimotor learning in saccades. We induced continuous adaptation of saccade amplitudes using a double-step paradigm, in which participants saccade to a peripheral target stimulus, which then undergoes a surreptitious, intra-saccadic shift (ISS) as the eyes are in flight. In our experiments, the ISS followed a systematic variation, increasing or decreasing from one saccade to the next as a sinusoidal function of the trial number. Over a large range of frequencies, we confirm that adaptation gain shows (1) a periodic response, reflecting the frequency of the ISS with a delay of a number of trials, and (2) a simultaneous drift towards lower saccade gains. We then show that state-space-based linear time-invariant systems (LTIS) represent suitable generative models for this evolution of saccade gain over time. This state-equation algorithm computes the prediction of an internal (or hidden state-) variable by learning from recent feedback errors, and it can be compared to experimentally observed adaptation gain. The algorithm also includes a forgetting rate that quantifies per-trial leaks in the adaptation gain, as well as a systematic, non-error-based bias. Finally, we study how the parameters of the generative models depend on features of the ISS. Driven by a sinusoidal disturbance, the state-equation admits an exact analytical solution that expresses the parameters of the phenomenological description as functions of those of the generative model. Together with statistical model selection criteria, we use these correspondences to characterize and refine the structure of compatible state-equation models. We discuss the relation of these findings to established results and suggest that they may guide further design of experimental research across domains of sensorimotor adaptation.

PEASANT (FARMER) ECONOMY OF TATARSTAN: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND FIRST RESULTS (1990–2010-ies)

Introduction. The effectiveness of market processes in one of the leading regions of the Russian Federation – the Republic of Tatarstan is determined by the level of development of various forms of entrepreneurship and their competitiveness. The increased responsibility of the Tatarstan leadership for the results of regional socio-economic development stimulates the desire to strengthen and expand the position of small and medium businesses, encourages regional authorities to pay special attention to the accelerated institutionalization of peasant (farmer) farms as one of the promising models of transformation of the agricultural sector of the Republic. The Institute of peasant (farmer) farms is the result of post-perestroika Russian reforms, the degree of its rationality and efficiency depends not so much on the scientific and practical elaboration of the legislative and institutional-market foundations, but on the depth of understanding of the state structures and the rural majority of the need and specificity of these economic entities. In this regard, the main purpose of this work is the scientific and practical analysis of the formation and development of peasant (farmer) farms in Tatarstan in the context of determining the main socio-economic indicators in relation to the study area; identify the parameters of statistical analysis and description of industries that design this form of management. Materials and Methods. The content of the scientific article is based on the materials of current sources coming from various departments and periodicals, consolidated data of publications of the statistical office of Tatarstan, as well as on the literature of historical and economic nature. The research is based on traditional methods of Russian historical science: problem-chronological, comparative-historical and systemic. These methods have been successfully tested in the process of determining the regional characteristics of the development of peasant (farm) farms. When processing quantitative data the statistical method is used; for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study used micro-historical approach. Results. The study of agrarian sector of economy of Tatarstan 1990–2010 given the historical and economic characteristics of the process of institutionalization of the peasant (farmer) farms. In particular, in a comparative perspective, the share of peasant (farm) farms in the structure of regional gross income is considered. It is established that the main branches of economic activity of Tatarstan farming were crop and livestock, and the latter direction was more promising. Discussion and Conclusion. The level of development of small business in Tatarstan, including peasant (farmer) farms, currently provides an opportunity to diversify, focusing on the market and conditions of production and sales. In conditions of latent developing degradation of rural areas (disappearance of villages, aging and reduction of the rural population, destruction of socio-cultural infrastructure, etc.), peasant (farmer) farms, along with personal subsidiary farms of the population, become a kind of means of increasing interest in various forms of small business, as well as contribute to the growth of village-forming potential in the agricultural socio-cultural space of Tatarstan. At the same time, despite the regional authorities understanding of the importance of the final goals and development strategy of farming, there is no system-forming form of support for peasant (farmer) farms in the Republic. Moreover, the creation of an image of the attractiveness of peasant farming is mainly associated with individual activities or PR campaigns to create a favorable investment image, climate. The results obtained in the course of this study are prerequisites for further historical reconstruction of farm daily life in the context of deepening the study of the experience of individual Russian regions, its applied analysis.

Combination of topology optimization and Lie derivative-based shape optimization for electro-mechanical design

This paper presents a framework for the simultaneous application of shape and topology optimization in electro-mechanical design problems. Whereas the design variables of a shape optimization are the geometrical parameters of the CAD description, the design variables upon which density-based topology optimization acts represent the presence or absence of material at each point of the region where it is applied. These topology optimization design variables, which are called densities, are by essence substantial quantities. This means that they are attached to matter while, on the other hand, shape optimization implies ongoing changes of the model geometry. An appropriate combination of the two representations is therefore necessary to ensure a consistent design space as the joint shape-topology optimization process unfolds. The optimization problems dealt with in this paper are furthermore constrained to verify the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) of a physical model, possibly nonlinear, and discretized by means of, e.g., the finite element method (FEM). Theoretical formulas, based on the Lie derivative, to express the sensitivity of the performance functions of the optimization problem, are derived and validated to be used in gradient-based algorithms. The method is applied to the torque ripple minimization in an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM).

Michael Longley and Birds

The following essay attempts to shed some light on Michael Longley’s poems about birds, which form a fairly complicated network of mutual enhancements and cross-references. Some of them are purely descriptive lyrics. Such poems are likely to have the name of a given species or a specific individual representative of that species in the title. Others make references to birds or use them for their own agenda, which often transcends the parameters of pure description. Sometimes birds perform an evocative function (“Snow Geese”), prompt the poet to explore the murky mysteries of iniquity (“The Goose”), judge human affairs from the avian vantage (“Aftermath”), or raise ecological problems (“Kestrel”). Most of the time, however, Longley is careful not to intrude upon their baffling otherness. Many of his bird poems are suffused with an aura of subtle yet suggestive eroticism, a conflation of the avian and the amorous.

On the spatially periodic ordering in the system of electrons above the surface of liquid helium in an external electric field

A theory of equilibrium states of electrons above a liquid helium surface in the presence of an external clamping field is built based on the first principles of quantum statistics for the system of many identical Fermi-particles. The approach is based on the variation principle modified for the considered system and on Thomas-Fermi model. In terms of the developed theory we obtain the self-consistency equations that connect the parameters of the system description, i.e., the potential of a static electric field, the distribution function of electrons and the surface profile of a liquid dielectric. The equations are used to study the phase transition of the system to a spatially periodic state. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, the characteristics of the phase transition of the system to a spatially periodic state of a trough type are analyzed.