EEG Parameters Research Articles

The influence of the Ukrainian phytocomposition "Balm Truskavets'" on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and biophotonics in humans with maladaptation

Background. Earlier we showed that the Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” exerts immediate modulating effects on parameters of EEG and HRV as well as biophotonics. In a pilot study on 10 volunteers, we found that the use of the phytocomposition for 11 days causes changes in EEGs parameters accompanied by a sympatho(adreno)mimetic effect. The modulating effects on the EEG&HRV parameters are combined with the changes in biophotonics parameters. This study was conducted on a four times larger cohort and with a wider range of methods. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were 16 women 46±15 ys and 24 men 50±11 ys. The volunteers were practically healthy, but the initial testing revealed deviations from the norm in a number of parameters of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex as a manifestation of maladaptation. The adaptation hormones levels, Popovych’s leukocytary adaptation and strain indices, parameters of phagocytosis, biophotonics, acupuncture points, EEG and HRV, before and after a 9-day course of use of phytocomposition registered. Results. A noticeable effect of the phytocomposition on 38 parameters was revealed, grouped into 6 clusters, of which 4 are enhancing and 2 are reducing. In particular, the reduced levels of the adaptation index and phagocytosis parameters increase significantly, instead, the increased levels of the strain index, testosterone, triiodothyronine, LF band HRV as well as two biophotonics parameters decrease, that is, there is a normalizing/beneficial effect. At the same time, normal levels of HRV-markers of vagal tone decrease, and cortisol and circulating catecholamines as well as the activity of β- and α-rhythm generating neurons increase, but within the normal range. Finally, there is a further increase in the upper limit levels of activity of δ-rhythm generating neurons. Conclusion. Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” exerts classical adaptogenic effects on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex as well as biophotonics and acupuncture in humans with maladaptation.

QEEG Characterizations During Hyperventilation, Writing and Reading Conditions: A Pre-Post Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Study on Students with Learning Difficulty.

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to measure neural correlates of cognitive and social development in children for decades. It is essential to evaluate the relationship between EEG parameters and cognitive measures to understand the mechanisms of learning problems better. Methods and procedure: Fifty school-going children with complaints of learning problems were studied. EEG and other cognitive measures were used to assess children before and after PEABLS; a cognitive-behavioral intervention was imparted. EEG was recorded while hyperventilation, writing, and reading conditions, and the values for absolute and relative powers were calculated. Results: The results suggested that the post-intervention absolute (in the theta and alpha bands) and relative (delta, theta, and alpha) power values were higher, and the relative power beta value was significantly lower at most of the electrodes in comparison to pre-intervention EEG measures. A significant high positive correlation in the children with learning problems between the relative power of alpha, beta O1O2, the relative power of theta, delta T3T4, and the academic scores, IQ, working memory, DTLD, and BGT values. Conclusion: These quantitative electroencephalogram findings in children with learning problems are related to cognitive measures. The findings could be due to brain immaturity and lack of learning opportunities.

Early EEG monitoring predicts clinical outcome in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

There is a need for reliable predictors in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury to assist clinical decision making. We assess the ability of early continuous EEG monitoring at the intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to predict long term clinical outcome and evaluate its complementary value to current clinical standards. We performed continuous EEG measurements in patients with moderate to severe TBI during the first week of ICU admission. We assessed the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) at 12 months, dichotomized into poor (GOSE 1–3) and good (GOSE 4–8) outcome. We extracted EEG spectral features, brain symmetry index, coherence, aperiodic exponent of the power spectrum, long range temporal correlations, and broken detailed balance. A random forest classifier using feature selection was trained to predict poor clinical outcome based on EEG features at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after trauma. We compared our predictor with the IMPACT score, the best available predictor, based on clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. In addition we created a combined model using EEG as well as the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. We included hundred-seven patients. The best prediction model using EEG parameters was found at 72 h after trauma with an AUC of 0.82 (0.69–0.92), specificity of 0.83 (0.67–0.99) and sensitivity of 0.74 (0.63–0.93). The IMPACT score predicted poor outcome with an AUC of 0.81 (0.62–0.93), sensitivity of 0.86 (0.74–0.96) and specificity of 0.70 (0.43–0.83). A model using EEG and clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters resulted in a better prediction of poor outcome (p < 0.001) with an AUC of 0.89 (0.72–0.99), sensitivity of 0.83 (0.62–0.93) and specificity of 0.85 (0.75–1.00). EEG features have potential use for predicting clinical outcome and decision making in patients with moderate to severe TBI and provide complementary information to current clinical standards.

A multivariate approach to investigate the associations of electrophysiological indices with schizophrenia clinical and functional outcome.

Different electrophysiological (EEG) indices have been investigated as possible biomarkers of schizophrenia. However, these indices have a very limited use in clinical practice, as their associations with clinical and functional outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of multiple EEG markers with clinical variables and functional outcomes in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZs). Resting-state EEGs (frequency bands and microstates) and auditory event-related potentials (MMN-P3a and N100-P3b) were recorded in 113 SCZs and 57 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline. Illness- and functioning-related variables were assessed both at baseline and at 4-year follow-up in 61 SCZs. We generated a machine-learning classifier for each EEG parameter (frequency bands, microstates, N100-P300 task, and MMN-P3a task) to identify potential markers discriminating SCZs from HCs, and a global classifier. Associations of the classifiers' decision scores with illness- and functioning-related variables at baseline and follow-up were then investigated. The global classifier discriminated SCZs from HCs with an accuracy of 75.4% and its decision scores significantly correlated with negative symptoms, depression, neurocognition, and real-life functioning at 4-year follow-up. These results suggest that a combination of multiple EEG alterations is associated with poor functional outcomes and its clinical and cognitive determinants in SCZs. These findings need replication, possibly looking at different illness stages in order to implement EEG as a possible tool for the prediction of poor functional outcome.

Neurocognitive functions and some electroencephalographic changes in preadolescent children with different degrees of primary hypothyroidism and mild iodine deficiency

Neurologic and electrophysiologic changes in children with mild hypothyreosis andeuthyroidgoiteratthebackgroundofmildIDarenotwellunderstoodand euthyroid goiter at the background of mild ID are not well understood atpresent.Ourgoalwastoevaluateofsomecognitivedisturbancesandal-at present. Our goal was to evaluate of some cognitive disturbances and al-terationofsomeEEGparametersinpreadolescentchildrenatearlystagesofteration of some EEG parameters in preadolescent children at early stages of thedevelopmentofprimaryhypothyreosisandeuthyroidgoiter.55somaticallythe development of primary hypothyreosis and euthyroid goiter. 55 somatically healthypreadolescentchildren,aged8-12yearswiththe1healthy preadolescent children, aged 8-12 years with the 1ststdegreeofdiffuse degree of diffuse goiterunderwentclinicalandneurologicalinvestigationofcognitivefunctions:goiter underwent clinical and neurological investigation of cognitive functions: ”copycopy”,, ”timetocopytime to copy”and and ”recognitionrecognition”usingReyComplexFigureTestand using Rey Complex Figure Test and recognitiontrialaswellasRochesterfatigueDiarytest;MotorFatigueindex,recognition trial as well as Rochester fatigue Diary test; Motor Fatigue index, PASAT–3(secondversion)andlassitudewasevaluated.Digital21channeledPASAT – 3 (second version) and lassitude was evaluated. Digital 21 channeled EEGstudywasalsoperformed.Studygroupswererandomizedto:childrenEEG study was also performed. Study groups were randomized to: children withovertmildhypothyreosis;childrenwithsubclinicalhypothyreosis;euthyroidwith overt mild hypothyreosis; children with subclinical hypothyreosis; euthyroid children;healthycontrols.MedianaofUIE64wasinthelower3children; healthy controls. Mediana of UIE 64 was in the lower 3rdrdintherange in the range formildID.Childrenofthestudygroupmoreoftenhadnon-specificneurolog-for mild ID. Children of the study group more often had non-specifi c neurolog-icsymptoms.Allindicesofneurocognitivedysfunctionweremorefrequentinic symptoms. All indices of neurocognitive dysfunction were more frequent in patients with overt hypothyreosis (P&lt;0,001) and in lesser extent were present in subclinicalhypothyreosisandeuthyroidgoiter,comparedtocontrols.Thiswassubclinical hypothyreosis and euthyroid goiter, compared to controls. This was accompaniedbythechangesofEEGparameters.Thepathologicvisualversionaccompanied by the changes of EEG parameters. The pathologic visual version ofEEGhad90%ofchildrenwithoverthypothyreosis.Inturnedoutthatinof EEG had 90% of children with overt hypothyreosis. In turned out that in prepubertalchildrenisaccompaniedbycognitivedisordersrepresentedbyMildprepubertal children is accompanied by cognitive disorders represented by Mild CognitiveImpairment;amongneurologicsubclinicalsignsofmanifestationofCognitive Impairment; among neurologic subclinical signs of manifestation of IDtheFatiguetestisofgreatsensitivity;evenmildIDischaracterizedbyspe-ID the Fatigue test is of great sensitivity; even mild ID is characterized by spe-cificchangesofthefrequencyandamplitudeofphysiologicspectrumofEEGcifi c changes of the frequency and amplitude of physiologic spectrum of EEG activity,mainlyofaA;pathologicconsequencesofIDaremanifestedbothinactivity, mainly of aA; pathologic consequences of ID are manifested both in overtandsubclinicalhypothyroidismandinlesserextentinpatientswitheuthy-overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and in lesser extent in patients with euthyroid goiter.

Characteristics of Electroencephalogram in the Prefrontal Cortex during Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease under Propofol General Anesthesia.

Monitoring the depth of anesthesia by electroencephalogram (EEG) based on the prefrontal cortex is an important means to achieve accurate regulation of anesthesia for subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) under general anesthesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no previous study has conducted an in-depth investigation into this monitoring data. Here, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of prefrontal cortex EEG during DBS with propofol general anesthesia in patients with PD and determine the reference range of parameters derived from the depth of anesthesia monitoring. Additionally, we attempted to explore whether the use of benzodiazepines in the 3 days during hospitalization before surgery impacted the interpretation of the EEG parameters. We included the data of 43 patients with PD who received STN DBS treatment and SedLine monitoring during the entire course of general anesthesia with propofol in a single center. Eighteen patients (41.86%) took benzodiazepines during hospitalization. We divided the anesthesia process into three stages: awake state before anesthesia, propofol anesthesia state, and shallow anesthesia state during microelectrode recording (MER). We analyzed the power spectral density (PSD) and derived parameters of the patients' prefrontal EEG, including the patient state index (PSI), spectral edge frequency (SEF) of the left and right sides, and the suppression ratio. The baseline characteristics, preoperative medication, preoperative frontal lobe image characteristics, preoperative motor and non-motor evaluation, intraoperative vital signs, internal environment and anesthetic information, and postoperative complications are listed. We also compared the groups according to whether they took benzodiazepines before surgery during hospitalization. The average PSI of the awake state, propofol anesthesia state, and MER state were 89.86 ± 6.89, 48.68 ± 12.65, and 62.46 ± 13.08, respectively. The preoperative administration of benzodiazepines did not significantly affect the PSI or SEF, but did reduce the total time of suppression, maximum suppression ratio, and the PSD of beta and gamma during MER. Regarding the occurrence of postoperative delirium and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores, there was no significant difference between the two groups (chi-square test, p = 0.48; Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.30). For the first time, we demonstrate the reference range of the derived parameters of the depth of anesthesia monitoring and the characteristics of the prefrontal EEG of patients with PD in the awake state, propofol anesthesia state, and shallow anesthesia during MER. Taking benzodiazepines in the 3 days during hospitalization before surgery reduces suppression and the PSD of beta and gamma during MER, but does not significantly affect the observation of anesthesiologists on the depth of anesthesia, nor affect the postoperative delirium and MMSE scores.

The relationship of electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroenergocarting indicators in vibration disease

Introduction. This article presents the results of a study of the relationship of phenomena characterizing the state of regulation of neurophysiological and energy processes in vibration disease (VD). The study aims to identify the relationships characterizing the state of regulation of neurophysiological and energy processes, according to the parameters of EEG and the level of constant potential (LCP) in patients with vibration disease. Materials and methods. We have examined thirty seven patients with VB caused by the combined effects of local and general vibration, thirty healthy men (comparison group). The researchers used electroencephalography and neurogenetic mapping techniques. Results. In the group of patients with VB, the nature of EEG activity was manifested by a change in the topical organization of the main normal EEG rhythms: the alpha rhythm, when compared with the comparison group, is more represented in the parietal leads (alpha rhythm index 30.7(15.8-53.5) and 45.3(34.9-59.5)% at p=0.010, respectively), beta1-rhythm - in a small, approximately the same amount, in all leads (in the right frontal from 3.7(2.8-5.6) and 6(3.8-8.2)% at p=0.020, in the left central leads up to 5.9(4.8-7.7) and 8.3(5.9-12.1)% at p=0.018, respectively). The delta rhythm index prevailed in the right frontal region 57.3(47.1-74.8) and 17(12-19)% at p=0.013, respectively. We have revealed a negative correlation of the delta rhythm index in the left frontal (Fp1), left central (C3), left parietal (P3), left occipital (O3), left temporal (T3) regions and LCP in the central (Cz) (r=-0.34; -0.32; -0.35; -0.39; -0.44; p=0.036; 0.048; 0.033; 0.016; 0.006, respectively). An increase in the theta rhythm index in the anterior frontal left lead (Fp1) can be associated with an increase in SCP in the occipital lobe of the right hemisphere (Pd-Ps, r=0.50; p=0.001). Limitations. Limitations are presented in the form of a small number of individuals in groups, insufficient depth of study of foreign literature materials on the issue under study. Conclusion. Interdependent disorders of neurofunctional activity in VB are: an increase in the theta rhythm index in the frontal, central regions of the left hemisphere with a right-hemisphere increase in neuroenergy exchange in the frontal, temporal, parietal regions; an increase in the delta rhythm index of the rhythm in the left hemisphere with a decrease in the LCP in the central parietal region. The strengthening of interhemispheric interaction with compensatory activation of the subdominant hemisphere is probably associated with the strain of adaptive potential, mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, allowing to reduce neurological deficit by neuroplasticity.

Sexual dimophism in plasma nitrogenous metabolites levels and some psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters

Background. We previously showed that the factor structure of the relationships between the plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites (uric acid, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine), on the one hand, and the parameters of anxiety and neuro-endocrine status, on the other hand, is significantly different in men and women of reproductive age and postmenopausal. The purpose of this study is to identify the metabolic and psycho-neuro-endocrine features of these three cohorts of people. Materials and methods. The object of observation were 31 males (24÷69 y) and 30 females, from among them 18 postmenopausal (45÷76 y) and 12 of reproductive age (30÷42 y), with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex. In basal conditions we determined plasma levels of nitrogenous metabolites and adaptation hormones, estimated the severity of the trait and reactive anxiety, recorded the ongoing HRV and EEG. After 4 or 7 days, repeated testing was performed. Results. To achieve the goal, the registered parameters were subjected to discriminant analysis. Along with the quite expected nitrogenous metabolites, age, testosterone and calcitonin (both raw and sex- and age-standardized values), trait anxiety, Kerdö's Vegetative Index, one of the vagal markers (SDNN), as well as 10 EEG parameters emerged as characteristic features of the cohorts. In the information space of two discriminant roots, three cohorts are clearly demarcated. Conclusion. We interpret this as another proof of the existence of connections between nitrogenous metabolites and psycho-neuro-endocrine parameters in line with the concept of the functional-metabolic continuum.

656: CONTINUOUS ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality. This study aims to investigate clinical characteristics and electroencephalography parameters that are associated with short term outcomes in pediatric patients following TBI. Methods: This is a retrospective single center observational study of pediatric patients at Children’s National Hospital from January 2010 to December 2020 who were diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and underwent continuous electroencephalography (EEG) within 72 hours of admission. Patient demographics, clinical parameters, hospital course and EEG features were reviewed. The primary endpoint of favorable versus unfavorable outcome was defined as an increase in Functional Status Score (FSS) between admission and discharge of >/= 3 points and mortality. The secondary outcomes were ventilator days, hospital length of stay and discharge disposition. Results: One hundred forty-two patients were included, of which 100 patients (70%) had a favorable outcome with no significant change in FSS between admission and discharge. Forty-two patients (30%) had an unfavorable outcome, including 8 deaths. The favorable group had fewer ventilator days (4.4 SD 4.4 vs 13.4 SD 10.7 days) and a shorter ICU length of stay (3.9 SD 5.8 vs. 16.0 SD 9.6 days). Favorable outcomes were associated with a normal EEG background, reactivity, and sleep features (P < 0.001 for each). Unfavorable outcomes were associated with slow, discontinuous, burst suppressed or attenuated backgrounds (P< 0.05 for each). There were no statistical differences between the outcomes for generalized and lateralized rhythmic delta activity and periodic discharges. Conclusions: Certain continuous EEG parameters are associated with favorable and unfavorable functional outcomes following pediatric TBI. Further studies of EEG parameters may be able to develop models that can predict functional outcome and aid in neuro-prognostication after TBI.

Cohort Study of Autoimmune Encephalitis (AIE) in Pediatric and Adult Population from India-A Single Tertiary Centre Experience

Objective Study and compare clinico-epidemiological data and long-term outcomes in pediatric (&lt;18 yrs) and adult AIE patients based on serostatus. Background India is a burgeoning hub for autoimmune diseases. Studies on AIE comparing seropositive and seronegative outcomes in pediatric and adult population are lacking. We highlight age and serostatus specific approach in low resource country settings. Design/Methods Retro-prospective study from Narayana Institute of Neurosciences, Bangalore (2016-2021) included AIE patients as per Autoimmune Encephalitis International Working Group and Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance Clinicians Network. Serum and CSF autoimmune encephalitis panels, CSF meningitis panel was incorporated to exclude infections and other demyelinating disorders. With phone calls and outpatient follow ups (1-4 yrs), results were statistically analyzed and compared based on age and serostatus. Results Adult AIE was commoner than pediatric (75% vs 25%,n = 60) and seronegative than seropositive (56.7% vs43.3%) with overall male preponderance. NMDAR (11.7%), MOG (8.3%), LGI1 and GAD65 (5% each) were common antibodies (MOG commoner than NMDAR in children; NMDAR, LGI1 and GAD 65 equally predominant in adults). Common presentations included seizures (75%) and memory disturbances (66.7%) independent of serostatus. There were no differences in MRI and EEG parameters based on age or serostatus. Methylprednisolone mono-therapy (46.6%) was multitude than add on rescue immunosuppressants [IVIG (28.3%),rituximab (10%), PLEX &amp; cyclophosphamide (3.3% each)]. Pediatric age, specific antibodies, status epilepticus and dysautonomia were markers requiring aggressive immunotherapy. Oral steroids (61.7%),mycophenolate (8.3%)and azathioprine (6.7%) were maintenance immunosuppressants. 10% patients (mostly seropositive) had poor outcome with Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) &gt;3. Deaths (all adults) though rare was slightly preponderant in seronegative type owing to lack of consent for aggressive immunosuppression. Clinical relapse was noted in 10% (mostly seropositive). 86% patients were weaned off maintenance immunosuppression (earlier in seronegative). Conclusions Seronegative and pediatric AIE had better long term outcomes. Methylprednisolone mono-therapy is efficacious in majority of the cases when started early. Early recognition and aggressive management in high risk groups has pivotal role. Further multi-centric studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Effects of Daily Peat Smoke Exposure on Present and Next Generations.

This study aimed to follow the neurotoxic effect of peat smoke on adult outbred rats and its influence on central nervous system (CNS) parameters in first-generation offspring. Under experimental conditions, exposure to peat smoke was carried out on adult male Wistar rats for 24 h. After the end of the exposure, an open field test (OFT), electroencephalography (EEG), and histological analysis of the testes and brains of smoke-exposed males were performed, after which they were mated with intact females to obtain F1 offspring. Stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and body weight at 4, 7, 14, and 21 postnatal days, as well as behavior in the OFT and EEG parameters during puberty (3 months), were assessed. The results of the examination of F0 males showed a significant increase in motor activity and anxiety in the open field test and a violation of EEG parameters. Histopathologically, peat smoke caused a sharp increase in shadow cells (homogeneous cells with pale-stained cytoplasm, in which the cell and nuclear membranes are not visualized) and degeneratively altered neurons in the brain; we found no changes in the testicles. Peat smoke exposure during preconception did not affect neonatal mortality and weight gain in F1 offspring. Adult females born to peat-smoke-exposed males showed an increase in locomotor activity, and the behavior of adult F1 males did not differ from the control. In F1 males, a statistically significant increase in slow-wave activity indices in the delta band was observed.

Clinical EEG of Rett Syndrome: Group Analysis Supplemented with Longitudinal Case Report.

Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by MECP2 gene abnormalities, is characterized by atypical EEG activity, and its detailed examination is lacking. We combined the comparison of one-time eyes open EEG resting state activity from 32 girls with RTT and their 41 typically developing peers (age 2-16 years old) with longitudinal following of one girl with RTT to reveal EEG parameters which correspond to the RTT progression. Traditional measures, such as epileptiform abnormalities, generalized background activity, beta activity and the sensorimotor rhythm, were supplemented by a new frequency rate index measured as the ratio between high- and low-frequency power of sensorimotor rhythm. Almost all studied EEG parameters differentiated the groups; however, only the elevated generalized background slowing and decrease in our newly introduced frequency rate index which reflects attenuation in the proportion of the upper band of sensorimotor rhythm in RTT showed significant relation with RTT progression both in longitudinal case and group analysis. Moreover, only this novel index was linked to the breathing irregularities RTT symptom. The percentage of epileptiform activity was unrelated to RTT severity, confirming previous studies. Thus, resting EEG can provide information about the pathophysiological changes caused by MECP2 abnormalities and disease progression.

The EEG Features of Four Cases of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in North China: SSPE EEG Features.

Objective. To analyze the EEG features of four subacute sclerosing panencephalitis cases in North China. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the EEG features in four patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and 12 patients in control group from North China. Results. The periodic long-interval diffuse discharges were found in all of the four cases with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The morphology and component of periodic complexes were varied in different patients and different wakefulness states. Some EEG parameter settings help to identify periodic long-interval diffuse discharges including the slowed sweep speed, decreased sensitivity and reduced number of montages. In each patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, the periodic long-interval diffuse discharges associated with two types of brief episodes (1:1) during awake period were found and none of the patients in the control group had this EEG pattern. The score system based on the periodic discharges and brief episodes also shows that all the patients with SSPE reached score 5 while none of the patients in the control group has a score greater than 3, which suggests that this EEG pattern may have diagnostic value. Conclusions. In subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, the morphology and component of periodic long-interval diffuse discharges were varied in different patients and different wakefulness states. Specific EEG parameter settings help to identify periodic long-interval diffuse discharges. Periodic long-interval diffuse discharges associated with two types of brief episodes (1:1) during awake period may strongly suggest the diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Systemic analysis of eeg activation response in right and left handers

Most researchers in the study of the EEG activation response studied changes in alpha activity, while the dynamics of changes in other EEG rhythms and functional interhemispheric asymmetry (FMAA) was described and analyzed to an immeasurably lesser extent. Considering electrogenesis as a systemic category, it is advisable to study the relationships between the amplitudes of EEG rhythms using multiple regression and correlation methods of analysis. The EEG was studied on practically healthy people, students, in the state of PR and OR. Lateralization (right-handed-left-handed) was determined by EEG parameters. Activation coefficients (AC) were determined by dividing the beta-2 rhythm duration index by the alpha rhythm duration index. Relationships formed between the amplitudes of EEG rhythms were studied using calculations of multiple linear regression and correlation.&#x0D; In own research we was show: when opening the eyes, the amplitude of alpha and beta-1 rhythms in right-handers and left-handers decreased statistically signifiantly. Changes in the parameters of beta-2 EEG rhythms when opening the eyes in right-handers were determined to be increased in the left and right hemispheres, and in left-handers only in the forehead-temporal abduction of the left hemisphere - an increase in the duration index. Indicators of theta rhythm in right-handed people decreased in the left and right hemispheres when opening the eyes, and in left-handers, changes in theta rhythm were manifested only in the crown-occiput abduction of the right abduction. The amplitude and frequency of the EEG delta rhythm in right-handers decreased in the left and right hemispheres, and the duration indices were determined to be statistically significantly increased in all leads, with the exception of the forehead-temporal of the left hemisphere, while in left-handers, changes in the delta rhythm were observed mainly in the right hemisphere and were expressed in a decrease in amplitudes and rhythm frequencies. In the study of FIA, the alpha-rhythm index of right-handers under PR conditions was determined to be negative, and in left-handers it was positive. Under conditions of operational rest, this indicator was positive for both left-handers and right-handers. When opening the eyes, the AC in most leads increased statistically significantly in both right-handers and left-handers.&#x0D; The regression analysis revealed that the number of statistically significant regression coefficients increased significantly in the left hemisphere in right-handers under OP conditions, while in left-handers it decreased in the right hemisphere.

Features of EEG &amp; HRV in 1997 in humans exposed to the factors of the accident at the Chornobylian nuclear power plant in 1986

Background. The dramatic events of the Russian-Ukrainian war around the Chornobyl’ nuclear power plant (NPP) once again opened up the healed wound inflicted by radionuclides on the human body not only in Ukraine, but also in Belarus and the border regions of Russia. The drama of the situation was further intensified by the events surrounding the Zaporizhzhia NPP. This prompted us to turn to the archive of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology and process the results of research that, due to certain technical and ethical circumstances, remained unanalyzed. Material and methods. The cohort of observation in 1997 were 19 men and 3 women who were exposed to pathogenic factors of the accident at the Chоrnobylian nuclear power plant during the liquidation of its consequences in 1986. The subject of the study was EEG and HRV parameters. The survey was conducted twice - on admission and after two weeks of rehabilitation at the Truskavets’ Spa. Results. Screening of the registered parameters revealed a pronounced sympathotonic shift of the autonomic balance, as well as a statistically significant deviation from the norm of 18 EEG parameters (increase in 8 and decrease in 10). Under the influence of two-week balneotherapy, 5 increased and 5 decreased EEG parameters normalized, but the remaining abnormal EEG and HRV parameters were resistant to the influence of balneofactors. Conclusion. Neurophysiological disorders, detected even 11 years after the effects of the factors of the Chornobyl’ disaster, differ both in severity and sensitivity to the sanogenic effect of the adaptogenic factors of the Truskavets’ Spa.

Determining the Relationship Between EEG Findings and Prognosis of Patients with Decreased Consciousness Following Head Injury

Background: Head injury is a silent epidemic in developed countries and is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Determining the precise and early prognosis of head injury, especially in severe cases, is essential and will help define treatment actions and rehabilitation plans and counsel other family members. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between electroencephalographic findings and prognosis in patients with decreased levels of consciousness due to head injury. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive-analytical study on patients with reduced levels of consciousness due to head injury, referred to Tir Hospital (Tehran) in the first half of 2018. Overall, 52 patients were studied and divided according to their GCS into two groups: favorable prognosis (30 patients, 57.7%) and poor prognosis (22 patients, 42.3%). We tried to find the relation between EEG findings such as voltage, electrographic seizures, periodic and rhythmic patterns, and the prognosis. Results: Normal voltage was associated with a favorable prognosis, with a high specificity (95%) and a less robust sensitivity (63%). The isoelectric voltage (electrocerebral shutdown) was associated with a poor prognosis. Normal and isoelectric voltages were good predictors with 95% and 100% Positive Predictive Values (PPV), respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between EEG frequency range and prognosis. Conclusion: This study showed that EEG parameters might provide valuable data regarding the prognosis of decreased consciousness of patients with a head injury, also for the guidance of physicians and informing the patients’ family.

Sexual dimorphism in the neuro-endocrine regulation of bicycle ergometric test parameters in untrained individuals with dysfunction of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex

Background. Ergometric physical working capacity (PWC) testing has a long tradition in occupational medicine. PWC can be tested, using performance indicators like VO2max or the mechanical power. However, the calculated by bicycle ergometry PWC in reality reflects the reaction of the autonomic nervous system to muscle load, which, in turn, is strong, but still not absolutely complete, correlates with VO2max as a real indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between PWC, calculated based on the result of two-stage bicycle ergometry, and the parameters of neuro-endocrine regulation as well as sexual differences in such relationships. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were 30 women 29-76 (49,4±11,0) years and 30 men 24-69 (47,4±12,0) years without a clinical diagnosis, but with the deviations from the norm in a number of parameters of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex as a manifestation of maladaptation. For estimation of PWC a two-stage bicycle ergometry used. Parameters of EEG, HRV and adaptation hormones levels registered twice with an interval of 4 or 7 days. Results. In men, PWC correlates negatively with plasma levels of cortisol (r=-0,52) and triiodothyronine (r=-0,47), but positively with levels of calcitonin (r=0,25) and testosterone (r=0,22). The coefficient of multiple correlation R=0,705. In women, the correlation of the twice lower PWC with cortisol and calcitonin is weaker (r=-0,31 and 0,18, respectively), and is absent with testosterone and triiodothyronine, instead it was found in relation to aldosterone (r=-0,24); R=0,394. The PWC regression model for men includes 6 HRV and 11 EEG parameters (R=0,846), while for women only the mode HRV (r=-0,56) and two EEG parameters (R=0,608). Conclusion. PWC levels in men are generally downregulated by cortisol, triiodothyronine, sympathetic tone, and θ-rhythm generating neurons, but upregulated by testosterone, calcitonin, vagal tone, and related α-rhythm generating neurons. In women, PWC levels are borderline downregulated by cortisol and aldosterone, but significantly upregulated by circulating catecholamines and β-rhythm generating neurons.

Оценка потенциала нейробиоуправления для терапии ожирения по данным литературы

The article is devoted to the evaluation of prospects of applying the technology of self-regulation of the brain functional state by means of biofeedback using EEG parameters (Neurofeedback) in the obesity treatment — chronic disease, the prevalence of which has reached the scale of a global epidemic. It serves as a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer, type II diabetes, as well as other chronic noncommunicable and infectious diseases, including severe COVID-19 and its complications. The essence of biofeedback technology is constituted in training the subject’s ability to voluntary control certain physiological parameters of own body to bring them to optimal scores which correspond to the healthy functioning of the body for improving health and performance. The development of self-regulation ability through biofeedback is based on the precise instrumental measurements of physiological activity indicators, such as brain activity, the activity of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, muscle activity, and skin temperature. The article provides a neurobiological justification of the expediency and effectiveness of neurofeedback in the obesity treatment; highlights the protocols used for the biofeedback therapy of obesity and associated disturbances of eating behavior; emphasizes the importance of neurofeedback therapy for optimizing brain activity patterns by voluntary neuromodulation, restoring the neurodynamic balance of regulatory systems for driving the subject into a stable state of calm and psychological comfort without resorting to unhealthy food.

EEG parameters as endpoints in epilepsy clinical trials - An expert panel opinion paper

IntroductionThe lack of ideal measurement of treatment efficacy is a well acknowledged problem in the epilepsy community, both in clinical care and clinical trials. Whilst still the current gold-standard, self-reported seizure frequency significantly underestimates the true number of seizures and does not account for any other at least equally important outcome parameters, such as neurodevelopment and cognition. With the rise of disease modifying treatments, the need for more reliable endpoints in practice and clinical trials becomes more pressing. In this paper we assembled an expert panel to discuss the nature of these needs, current limitations, and obstacles based on a survey amongst these experts who were queried about the most important issues regarding the use of electroencephalography (EEG) parameters as endpoints in clinical drug and device development. MethodsA structured survey was sent to a group of experts in the design and conduct of epilepsy trials in adults and children. This was followed by a virtual in-person meeting discussing the results of the trial and identifying a list of most important issues. ResultsSix clinical trialists and 5 individuals from pharmaceutical companies returned the survey containing 14 questions, and 8 clinical trialists and 10 pharma-representatives attended the meeting. Three main issues were identified (1) lack of accuracy of seizure diaries due to nocturnal seizures, subtle motor seizures, impairment of consciousness and lack of awareness of the seizure by the patient (2) inter-rater variability of EEG assessment (3) lack of standardization regarding definition(s) of seizures (clinical and electrographic), EEG recording methods and EEG data management. Recommended solutions included (1) validation of EEG parameters as biomarkers and use of wearables (2) development of a manual that describes EEG rating criteria, protocol for validation by > 1 central reader and use of a resolution of disagreements reporting template (3) standardization of EEG recording, data management and reporting. Discussion & conclusionCurrent developments in research and technology seem promising to advance the use of EEG parameters as potential endpoints and offer partial solutions to the current needs. However, continuous, focused and collaborative efforts of all stakeholders (academia, industry and regulatory agencies) are needed to formulate guidelines, validate emerging technologies and approve them for use in trials. It is the intent of this opinion “position paper” to stimulate those efforts.

Dynamics of Hormones of the Pituitary-Thireoid System and EEG of Brain Activity in High-Mountain Residents

The article presents an analysis of the results of studies to determine the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system and to identify their relationship with the neurodynamic EEG parameters of the brain in mountainous conditions (2800m). The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of blood in mountain dwellers indicate functional activation (according to average values of T4 and T3 levels) of the peripheral link and compensatory calmness of the central link (relatively low levels of TSH) of the pituitary-thyroid system. A decrease in TSH secretion at a normal level of thyroxine indicates a trend towards a decrease in the functional state of the thyroid gland, which confirms the presence of adaptive changes in the body of mountaineers. At the same time, the detected normal (or with a slight deviation in one direction or another) thyroxine leveldoes not at all contradict the general pattern, because reflects the variability inherent in biological phenomena, due to the individual characteristics of the organism, and the dependence of the studied indicator on factors other than hypoxic factors. Due to the high tension of the functioning of the central nervous system in high altitude conditions, there is a peculiar shift in the EEG parameters towards a decrease in the alpha rhythm and an increase in the theta rhythm of tension, which causes a noticeable redistribution of typological groups. The type of CMR of the brain on the EEG has close functional relationships with the level of TSH, and also has a weak functional relationship with the levels of thyroid hormones.