Blood Serum Parameters Research Articles

Effects of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) supplementation into quail diets on performance, blood serum parameters and intestine microbial populations

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) (SM) supplementations into quail diets on live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood serum biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, total protein, triglyceride, glucose) and intestine bacteria populations. A total of 120 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were used in present experiments. Quail were separated into 4 groups (control and 3 treatment groups). Control group was fed with a basic ration and treatments groups were fed with 0.5, 1 and 2% shiitake mushroom-supplemented diets. Shiitake mushroom supplementations significantly influenced live weights (P<0.05). Differences in live weight gains, feed consumptions, feed conversion ratios, blood serum parameters and intestine bacteria populations of the treatment groups were not found to be significant (P>0.05). SM supplementations influenced live weight gains and feed conversion ratios in the 4th week of the experiments (P>0.05). SM supplementations also influenced blood serum glucose levels (P<0.05).

Features of Ocular Blood Flow in Malignant Arterial Hypertension of Renal Origin

Color Doppler imaging allows a detailed non-invasive assessment of the state of blood flow in the retrobulbar vessels in patients with various vascular pathologies. Malignant hypertension (MH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe diastolic arterial hypertension (140 mm Hg or more), leading to ischemic damage to various organs — kidneys, heart, brain, eyes. Patients with MH often present with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), a rare life-threatening condition characterized by multiple systemic thromboses of the microvasculature.Purpose: to assess the state of blood flow in retrobulbar vessels by color Doppler imaging in TMA associated with MH.Methods: 10 patients (20 eyes) (age 43.5 ± 6.2 years) with TMA associated with MH underwent a study of the state of blood flow in the vessels of the retrobulbar space by color Doppler imaging. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of retinal and choroidal circulation were assessed.Results. Analysis of the Doppler spectrum of blood flow in TMA associated with MH revealed a statistically significant increase in maximum systolic (Vsyst) and finale diastolic blood flow velocity (Vdiast) in the ophthalmic artery (OA), as well as Vsyst in the medial short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA), compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In 2 patients (20 %) of the study group, a significant bilateral decrease in the diastolic component of the spectrum was found up to the isoline (Vdiast = 0) and a maximum increase in the peripheral resistance index (RI = 1.0). Statistically significant correlations were found between some laboratory parameters of blood serum (hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine), as well as the estimated glomerular filtration rate and hemodynamic parameters in the central retinal artery (CRA), lateral (SPCA) and OA (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The results of the study of ocular hemodynamics using color Doppler imaging in TMA associated with MH are presented for the first time. TMA associated with MH is characterized by a statistically significant increase in the maximum systolic blood flow velocity in the OA and SPCA with the development of an ischemic state in the retinal and choroidal microcirculation in some patients. An increase in TMA activity in MH leads to a change in the microcirculation of the retina and choroid of an ischemic nature. An increase in blood creatinine in patients with TMA with MH is statistically significantly associated with a decrease in systolic blood flow velocity in the CRA.

Biochemical parameters and blood bactericidal activity of young Tsigai sheep

The results of the study of blood serum biochemistry and bactericidal activity of the herd replacements sheep of the Tsigai breed, grown in the Prisivash lowland of the Crimean Peninsula are presented. Blood samples were processed in certified laboratories of the organizations of the Republic of Crimea in 2020-2022. Blood serum parameters were determined on the basis of 12 samples of rams and 12 samples of gimmers. A Vitalab Flexor E photometric analyzer was used to process biochemical parameters, a Multiskan thermostatically controlled device was used to process bactericidal activity of blood serum. The animals showed normal creatinine and urea levels: 87.5 ± 0.7 and 6.6 ± 0.2 mmol/l in rams, respectively, and 85.5 ± 1.2 and 6.4 ± 0.4 mmol/l in gimmers. The reduced glucose level (1.6 ± 0.1...1.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) in the blood serum of young animals is probably related to active exercise in hot weather. The observed amount of transamination enzymes caused an increase in the Ritis coefficient in rams up to 2.5 units, in gimmers up to 3.8 units, which indicates the load on the heart muscle of the animals during long walks in the heat. Potassium content near the lower normal limits (4.3 ± 0.01...4.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) and slightly reduced phosphorus level (1.3 ± 0.01...1.2 ± 0.01 mmol/l) indicate the need for additional supplementation of growing young animals with mineral premixes in summer period. Average BSBA values increased in gimmers, significantly exceeding this index in comparison with rams by 45.826.6 abs.% (p ≤ 0.001). In rams, the highest BSBA values were observed for S. aureus at 10 hours of exposure (36.82 ± 2.19%), while the growth of E. coli was suppressed to 7.23 ± 1.34%, which is, among other things, the factor provoking digestive problems. In the gimmers, a satisfactory skin condition was recorded due to the high level of BSBA against S. aureus (up to 35.30 ± 2.64% at 10 hours of exposure).

COVID-19: dental aspects and correlations of biochemical parameters

Relevance. Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges not only to society and the healthcare system but also to dental specialists. Hospitalization of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis associated with the COVID-19 course is known to adversely affect the overall condition and create the risk for disease severity aggravation. The study of inflammatory periodontal disease and COVID-19 correlation is relevant.Purpose. The study aimed to determine the features of inflammatory periodontal disease (IPD) course in patients after moderate COVID-19 by determining oral fluid (OF) and blood serum (BS) biochemical parameters.Material and methods. The study involved 165 subjects divided into three groups: Group 1 – patients with exacerbation of periodontal inflammation; Group 2 – inpatients with inflammatory periodontal disease associated with the course of verified moderate COVID-19; Group 3 – control (patients without IPD and verified COVID-19). The mean total-sample age was 32±13.0 years old, median 25.0, minimum 19 years old, and maximum 63 years old. All patients had oral organ and tissue examinations, which included only visual inspection (PMA index) and OF potential of hydrogen identification due to COVID-19 inpatients’ characteristics. Laboratory evaluation of OF and BS parameters included total protein, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), glucose, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP).Results. The study results showed OF and BS threshold value correlations; in the groups, there are trends, mild and moderate correlations between parameters CRP, AST, and LDH, including oral fluid pH and PMA index.Conclusion. The performed qualitative, quantitative, clinical and biochemical datum analysis broadens theoretical knowledge about a pathological shift in OF and BS in patients with IPD, which takes place during a moderate COVID-19 course.

Benefits of sea buckthorn juice consumption in women of productive age with hypercholesterolemia.

Sea buckthorn contains almost 200 nutrients and bioactive substances, including phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, minerals, alkaloids, chlorophyll derivatives, amines, organic acids, fatty acids and phytosterols. Human and animal studies suggest that sea buckthorn may have a variety of beneficial effects: cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antiinflammatory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular consumption of 100% sea buckthorn juice on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in women of productive age with hypercholesterolemia. A clinical study involved 19 women with a mean age of 54.06 ±2.97 years who consumed 50 mL of sea buckthorn juice daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters in blood serum were monitored before the start of sea buckthorn consumption and after 8 weeks of consumption. Body composition was determined using an multifrequency analyzer InBody720. Routine biochemical analyzes were performed by standard methods in an accredited laboratory of the University Hospital by automatic biochemical analyzer BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C. Statistical comparison between individual measurements was performed using a paired t-test, using Statistica Cz version 10 (TIBCO Software, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). We observed significant decrease of body weight, body mass index (P<0.05), body fat and visceral fat (P<0.001) after 8 weeks of consumption of 100% sea buckthorn juice. In this intervention study, we observed a significant decrease in low-density cholesterol (P˂0.05) and a significant increase in high-density cholesterol (P˂0.001). The level of triglycerides was similar at the end of the study (P>0.05). After the intervention, we observed decrease of orosomucoid, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein (P<0.01). The obtained results support the hypothesis that the daily consumption of sea buckthorn juice for eight weeks could contribute to the beneficial effects of reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as the reduction of body and visceral fat, LDL-C, CRP and the increase of HDL-C.

Assessment of the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride on the body

Introduction. In modern medical practice, fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac), referred to the group of highly effective antidepressants, is widely used for the treatment of mental disorders. In Russia, the domestic production of the drug with an economically feasible production technology has been managed. In the synthesis of fluoxetine, the most important stage is the preparation of the main intermediate – 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. Data on the toxic effect of this substance on the body in the open press, including in the international database PubChem, are not available. The research aim was the study on the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride on the body of laboratory animals. Materials and methods. When studying the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride in experiments on rats, the modes of single inhalation and subacute intragastric methods of exposure were reproduced. The effect of the substance on the condition of animals was assessed by the results of peripheral blood studies, biochemical blood serum parameters, morphological changes in internal organs including liver, kidneys, heart, stomach, pancreas and thyroid glands. Integral parameters were also used. Results. The results of the examination of animals subjected to acute inhalation intoxication and subacute intragastric exposure showed the same type of the changes in the peripheral blood and biochemical profile. The intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride did not cause significant changes in the peripheral blood. The biochemical profile of the animals showed an increased activity of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase. In the blood serum of the primed rats, an increased content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and urea with a reduced content of protein and bilirubin was found. The impact of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride at the morphological level revealed vascular disorders in all internal organs and moderately severe fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys. In some parts of the liver, there was small-focus multi-lacular necrosis which covered groups of hepatocytes. Limitations. The investigation is limited to the study on the toxicological characteristics of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. In accordance with the directive documents on the protection of experimental animals, the number of in vivo experiments is limited which is connected with the dangers of animals and with public ethical views on in vivo experiments. Conclusion. Different methods of intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride under the conditions of acute inhalation and subacute intragastric experiments lead to a number of disorders of the hepatobiliary system with a negative impact on the common health status of the body. As an additional preventive measure to minimize the risk of acute and chronic intoxication in industries where contact with the substance is possible, including those involved in the synthesis of fluoxetine, an extended list of biochemical blood tests, ultrasound obsservation of the liver as part of periodic medical examinations of workers can be offered.

A clinical case of the use of a combination of cimicoxib and cyclophosphamide in metronomic mode in neoadjuvant therapy of complex breast carcinoma of a dog

The results of the use of a combination of cimicoxib and cyclophosphamide, in metronomic mode, in neoadjuvant therapy of complex breast carcinoma in dogs are presented. This treatment regimen allowed to achieve stabilization of the process, the volume of the tumor decreased by 60.77% of the indicators of the first day. The regression was 39.23%. According to the results of hematological blood examination, by the 90th day of therapy, the number of leukocytes decreased by 75.96%, lymphocytes by 79.67% and granulocytes by 75.64%, to reference values. The number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin increased by 49.57% and 53.98%, respectively. There was an increase in the amount of hematocrit by 52.35% compared to the values of the first day before therapy. Biochemical parameters of blood serum by the end of drug therapy were within the reference values. There were no signs of hematological and general toxicity, according to the WHO scale, requiring corrective therapy, dose reduction or withdrawal of drugs.

Influence of Processed Cassava Peel-leaf Blend as Replacement for Maize on Growth Performance and Serum Parameters of Growing Pigs

Background: The use of alternative feedstuff like cassava peel and leaf in pig production is of great concern due to reduced nutrient availability caused by high fibre and antinutritional constituent. The current study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of differently processed cassava peel-leaf blend (CPLB) on growth and blood parameters of growing pigs. Methods: CPLB (Cassava peel: Cassava leaf; 5:1) was included in pigs diet in a feeding trial for 16 wks. The CPLB replaced maize at 100%. 24 pigs of mean weight range (20-22 kg) were assigned on a weight equalization basis to four dietary treatments having six replicates with one pig per replicate. A standard corn soya-based diet (control), Unfermented CPLB (UCPLB), water fermented CPLB (WCPLB) and microbial fermented CPLB (MCPLB) using Aspergillus tamarii as inoculum was formulated. Growth response was measured and serum analysis was carried out at the end of the 8th and 16th week. Result: There was no significant (p greater than 0.05) effect on growth performance at the end of the 8th and 16th weeks. Dietary inclusion of MCPLB resulted in higher (p less than 0.05) cholesterol (144.30 mmol/L) in pigs than those fed control diet (97.20 mm/L) at the end of 8th week. Pigs fed diet containing UCPLB had reduced (p less than 0.05) serum creatinine (0.58 mg/dl) at the end of 16th week. In conclusion, CPLB based diet irrespective of processing method did not significantly affect growth performance and without negative effect on blood serum parameters.

Metabolite profiling and Ameliorative effect of quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaves against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats

Quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaves are traditionally reported to alleviate the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study envisaged to explore the in vitro and in vivo phytochemical and cardio protective potential of quince extract respectively. Different solvent extracts (Aqueous, Ethanolic, Hydroethanolic, Methanolic) of quince leaf obtained via two different extraction methods (Ultrasonication and Reflux) were evaluated for the phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. Among all the extracts, quince ethanolic extract, extracted via sonication was found to have the maximum phenolics (39.89 ± 0.67 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (21.51 ± 1.0 mgRE/g DW) and an anti-oxidant potential 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) with IC50 value of 168.88 ± 2.24 μg/ml. The High-performance thin layer chromatograph (HPTLC) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis confirmed the presence of bio active compounds. Furthermore, the in vivo activity was ascertained against Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardio toxicity in rats fed orally with the extract at 160 and 320 mg/kg body weight. The pre-treated groups significantly assuaged the changes induced by DOX in the electrocardiogram (ECG). Additionally, it mitigated the elevation in the blood serum parameters; aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-MB (CK- MB) and also repressed glutathione (GSH) depletion and rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) level induced by DOX. Furthermore, improvement in histopathological changes of the heart tissue concomitant to DOX induced toxicity was also observed such as, reduced degeneration, necrosis, inflammation and apoptosis. Thus, it could be concluded that cardioprotective activity of quince extract accredited to the occurrence of phytoconstituents prevented the DOX induced cardiotoxicity and helped to reinstate the cardiac damage in rats.

The Effect of Different Zinc Sources on Biochemical Parameters, Intestinal Morphology, Carcass Characteristics and Performance in Finishing Lambs.

To investigate the effect of different sources of zinc supplements on blood serum parameters, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and intestinal morphology, 18 male Zandi lambs (with initial body weight of 31 ± 1.2kg and 120 ± 8days old) were divided into three groups, six animals each in a completely random design. Experimental treatments include (1) control treatment of basal diet without zinc supplementation, (2) basal diet with 40mg/kg of zinc supplementation from zinc sulfate source, and (3) basal diet with 40mg/kg of zinc supplementation with origin it was organic (Zn-peptide). All lambs were kept in individual pens with cemented floor and provision of individual feeding and watering. Mean daily weight gain increased with zinc supplementation (P < 0.05), but feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by zinc supplementation in the diet. Zinc supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of the dry matter (P < 0.05), but the digestibility of dietary fat, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were not affected by zinc supplementation. In this experiment, the addition of organic and inorganic supplements to the diet of fattening lambs had no significant effect on serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and glucose concentrations, and carcass traits. The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme in the zinc sulfate group was significantly higher than the control and organic zinc groups (P < 0.05). Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen were lower in zinc fed lambs, compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). The villi width in the duodenum was higher in the zinc supplementation treatments (P < 0.05). Also, in the ileum section, the height of the villi in the treatment of zinc sulfate supplement was higher, compared to the complement and control (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that Zn supplementation, regardless of its source, improved growth performance in fattening lambs. However, no effect was observed on feed intake and efficiency, carcass traits, and blood parameters.

Peculiarities of the use of enteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

In the general structure of the disease, severe acute pancreatitis occurs in 20% of cases, requires treatment in the intensive care unit, and is accompanied by a high risk of complications (up to 50%) and death (40—70%). In turn, early use of enteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis significantly improves the condition of the intestinal wall and the course of the disease as a whole, reducing the number of complications and mortality.&#x0D; Objective — to determine the timeframe for the restoration of intestinal absorptive function as one of the main criteria for the start of enteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and to improve the results of comprehensive treatment of patients by preventing its complications.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The results of the evaluation and treatment of 67 patients with severe acute pancreatitis served as the basis for the study. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the specifics of the selected treatment strategies: a comparison group of 33 patients receiving standard enteral nutrition and a main group of 34 patients receiving standard enteral nutrition with the inclusion of antiflatulants in the mixture. Before the start of tube feeding, a test using unmetabolized disaccharides (lactulose/mannitol) and a sample containing a 3% potassium iodide solution was conducted to determine the timeframe for the restoration of intestinal absorptive function.&#x0D; Results. Іn 70.6% of patients in the main group and 69.7% of patients in the comparison group, the restoration of intestinal absorptive function was registered only after 48 hours from the beginning of treatment. After 7 and 14 days of enteral nutrition, a significant difference was obtained between total protein, albumin, cholesterol and serum K+ (p&lt;0.05). Аfter 7 days of treatment, there was a significantly lower incidence of intestinal complications in patients of the main group by 21.5% (χ2=4.88, 95% CI 2.3—39.5, p=0.03).&#x0D; Conclusions. The method, which uses a 3% potassium iodide solution, is quick and informative for determining the restoration of intestinal absorptive function in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The inclusion of antiflatulants in the composition for enteral nutrition improved the laboratory parameters of blood serum and reduced the incidence of intestinal complications by 7 days and the duration of multiorgan failure from 11.5±1.8 days to 10.5±1.9 days (p=0.04).

Decreased mannan-binding lectin level in adults with hypopituitarism; dependence on appropriate hormone replacement therapies.

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a main component of the lectin pathway of the complement system. Although there are some studies showing links between endocrine and immune systems, the ones concerning hypopituitarism are limited. The aim of this study was to check whether there is any association between blood MBL level and pituitary hormone deficiencies and whether this relationship is affected by appropriate hormone replacement therapies. One hundred and twenty (120) inpatients, aged 18-92, were divided into two main groups, i.e. control individuals (21/120) and patients with pituitary diseases (99/120). The latter were diagnosed either with hypopituitarism (n=42) or with other pituitary diseases (not causing hypopituitarism) (n=57). Additionally, hypopituitary patients on appropriate replacement therapies (compensated hypopituitarism) were compared to patients on inappropriate replacement therapies (non-compensated hypopituitarism). Several parameters in blood serum were measured, including MBL level, pituitary and peripheral hormones and different biochemical parameters. Serum MBL level was significantly lower in patients with hypopituitarism comparing to controls (1358.97 ± 244.68 vs. 3199.30 ± 508.46, p<0.001) and comparing to other pituitary diseases (1358.97 ± 244.68 vs. 2388.12 ± 294.99, p=0.015) and this association was confirmed by univariate regression analysis. We evaluated the distribution of patients with relation to MBL level; there was a clear difference in this distribution between control individuals (among whom no subjects had MBL level <500 ng/mL) and patients with hypopituitarism (among whom 43% of patients had MBL level <500 ng/mL). Moreover, patients with non-compensated hypopituitarism had lower mean and median MBL levels comparing to patients with compensated hypopituitarism (1055.38 ± 245.73 vs. 2300.09 ± 579.93, p=0.027; 488.51 vs. 1951.89, p=0.009, respectively) and this association was confirmed in univariate regression analysis. However, mean and median MBL levels in patients with compensated hypopituitarism vs. controls did not differ significantly (2300.09 ± 579.93 vs. 3199.30 ± 508.46, p=0.294; 1951.90 vs. 2329.16; p=0.301, respectively). Hypopituitarism in adults is associated with a decreased blood concentration of mannan-binding lectin, a phenomenon which does not exist in hypopituitary patients on the appropriate hormone replacement therapies. Therefore measurement of mannan-binding lectin level in patients with hypopituitarism may be considered as a parameter contributing to adjust optimal doses of hormone replacement therapies.

Анализ биохимических показателей сыворотки крови у больных с ревизионным эндопротезированием тазобедренного сустава и нарушением углеводного обмена

INTRODUCTION: Along with increase in the number of hip arthroplasty surgeries, the number of complications after them also increases. Laboratory diagnostics, being a unified method for determining the risks of complications and relapses, indicates the need for a comparative analysis of standard laboratory parameters in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) before revision arthroplasty. AIM: To evaluate changes in the biochemical parameters of blood serum of patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism before revision arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of anamnesis, morphometry and main blood parameters of patients who underwent treatment for osteoarticular pathology and purulent osteology in inpatient facility from 2011 to 2019 were processed and analyzed. The first group included 115 patients (33% of the total amount of examined patients) with revision hip arthroplasty having no disorders in carbohydrate metabolism in history. The second group included 103 patients (30%) who underwent revision hip arthroplasty and had diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, and early forms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders as comorbidities. The third group included 73 patients (21%) with periprosthetic infection of the hip joint without history of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The fourth group included 56 patients (16%) with periprosthetic infection, with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. RESULTS: The results obtained in the study groups were intercompared and compared with the reference intervals established by the reagent manufacturers for each study method. In the studies, no statistically significant differences were found in the biochemical parameters of blood of patients with aseptic revision arthroplasty, depending on the existing disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. When comparing biochemical parameters of blood of patients with periprosthetic infection, statistically significant differences depending on the presence of CMD, were found in three parameters. Patients with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism had higher blood levels of glucose, creatinine and urea, which, however, remained within the normal range. Two biochemical parameters of the blood of patients of all four groups were beyond the standard limits — C-reactive protein and albumin-globulin ratio. In patients with endoprosthesis instability, bilirubin, creatinine, and albumin values changed depending on the presence of an infectious process in the joint, and creatinine and urea, depending on carbohydrate metabolism disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the presence of an infectious process or disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, these parameters require closer attention in the preoperative period in patients with endoprosthesis instability. Patients with periprosthetic infection of the hip joint with carbohydrate metabolism disorders require laboratory monitoring of kidney function, protein fractions, and C-reactive protein even with normal results of biochemical blood tests.

Вариабельность биохимических показателей крови и установление референтных интервалов в доклинических исследованиях. Сообщение 8: сирийские хомячки

Biochemical parameters of blood serum are important parameters for assessing the health of laboratory animals. The Syrian Hamster is a widely used test system in animal experiments. They have unique anatomical and physiological features, such as optimal body size, large cheek sac, high reproduction rate and short life cycle, which together makes hamsters a convenient test system used in preclinical studies. This type of animal is used not only in the study of toxicological properties and assessment of pharmacological safety, but is also involved in various pharmacodynamic studies as a model organism for studying a wide range of pathological conditions associated with the immune response, respiratory system, carcinogenesis, metabolic disorders. During the study, reference intervals of the main biochemical parameters of the blood of Syrian hamsters were established. This procedure is necessary for an adequate understanding of the condition of animals in the experiment, assessment of the toxicity and safety of new pharmacological substances, control of the formation of model pathologies and evaluation of the effectiveness of pharmacological agents. The values used for the formation of reference intervals were obtained from intact animals for the time period June–December 2022 in Research and manufacturing company “Home оf Pharmacy”. The study included biological samples of 30 males and 30 females of Syrian hamsters. The age of the animals corresponded to the range of 6–8 weeks, the body weight of males and females was in the range of 100–115 grams. The study was carried out in compliance with the principles of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experiments and Other Scientific Purposes and in accordance with the rules of good laboratory practice. The determination of the biochemical parameters of interest was carried out under the same conditions using generally accepted preanalytical and analytical methods. Blood sampling from animals was performed using a cardiac puncture. The following parameters were registered in animal serum: creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulins, albumin/globulin ratio, glucose, total bilirubin. The obtained reference ranges of biochemical parameters were generally similar to the published data. Differences were found in urea, alkaline phosphatase, alanineaminotransferase, aspartateaminotransferase and glucose — the values were higher than the literature data. For an adequate interpretation of the experimental values obtained, an important aspect in preclinical studies is the establishment of intralaboratory reference intervals for the biochemical blood values of healthy animals in each research laboratory. This is due to the preanalytical and analytical characteristics of the analysis, the breed of animals and the conditions in which they are housed.

Морфобиохимический профиль крови при терапии ингибиторами ЦОГ-2 и циклофосфамидом

Abstract. In modern veterinary medicine, in the last decade, significant achievements have been noted in the treatment of malignant tumors in dogs, but nevertheless the number of oncologically ill animals is quite widespread, and tends to increase further. The use of only traditional methods for the treatment of oncological pathologies (radiation and chemotherapy, surgical) does not have a positive effect, and accordingly does not solve the problem as a whole. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors in combination with cyclophosphamide on the morphobiochemical parameters of the blood of dogs with malignant neoplasms of the breast. The purpose of our work was to study the dynamics of morphobiochemical blood parameters during multimodal conservative therapy of breast cancer recurrence in dogs with selective COX-2 inhibitors (firocoxib, cimicoxib) and cyclophosphamide. Research methods. Clinical observations and studies were carried out in the veterinary clinic of the Center for Animal Beauty and Health “Zoostyle” in Volgograd. The object of the study was 6 female dogs of various breeds aged 10-14 years, with a morphologically confirmed diagnosis of recurrent breast adenocarcinoma. At the same time, an automatic hematological analyzer “Mindray BC-2800 Vet” and a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer “BioChem SA” were used. Stained blood smears were examined under a microscope “MIKMED-5”. Results. The results of the studies show that morphobiochemical blood parameters varied in both groups by the 90th day of therapy. The results obtained convincingly show that the use of a combination of selective COX-2 inhibitors and cyclophosphamide, in clinically significant doses, induced an increase in individual biochemical parameters of blood serum, without symptomatic manifestations. In the firocoxib group, creatinine and urea levels exceeded the reference values by 39.5 and 67.7 %, respectively. Thus, the combination of drugs in the first group demonstrates an increased risk of use in animals with renal insufficiency.

Effect of the probiotic feed additive “Immunobacterin-D” on the productivity of black speckled cows during lactation

In Ukraine, as in every country in the world, an important task is to develop an effective development strategy for producing natural dairy products through probiotics. Feeding PFA to animals shows different effectiveness depending on their age, the intestinal microbiome's characteristics, the feed diet's composition and production technology. The purpose of the study was to identify the most effective period of application of PFA “Immunobacterin-D" and to select a yeast culture to increase the milk productivity of cows. The effectiveness of PFA was evaluated by the amount of milk produced, and its quality – by using an Ecomilk ultrasound analyser. The health status of cows was monitored based on the results of a spectrophotometric study of biochemical parameters of blood serum on a LabLine-010 biochemical analyser (Austria). As a result, it was determined that the optimal period of application of PFA is 30-60 days after calving. On the 13th day of PFA feeding, milk yields in cows of the experimental group increased by 1.2-2.5 L/day. The difference in the amount of milk produced between the animals of the experimental and control groups was 0.7-1.9 L/day. From 70 days after calving, the use of PFA in cows did not cause changes in the volume of milk yield but contributed to an increase in its fat content. By feeding cows of the experimental strain for 21 days S. cerevisiae as part of the PFA, the maximum increase in milk yield was obtained – by 2.13 L, and milk fat – by 0.45%. Whereas the use of PFA with a conventional strain S. cerevisiae AF 338 contributed to an increase in milk yield by 1.73 L, and in the control group of cows only by 1.30 L. According to the results of biochemical studies of blood serum, the positive effect of PFA “Immunobacterin-D” on the health status of cows was proved. PFA can be recommended for feeding cows in production, which will help increase milk yield and improve their health

The effect of FGF21 gene polymorphism (g. 940C/T) on biochemical metabolic parameters in blood serum of holstein cattle

The study examined the effect of polymorphism of the fibroblast growth factor 21 gene (Bos taurus FGF21 g.940 C/T) on the level of FGF21 and biochemical metabolic parameters in blood serum of highproducing cows. DNA genotyping of 148 animals of Holstein cows was performed by a PCR-RFLP method. As a result of genotyping, two FGFC – 0.642 and FGFT – 0.358 alleles as well as two FGFCC – 28.4% (42 animals) and FGFTC – 71.6% (106 animals) genotypes were identified. Individuals with the FGFTT genotype were not identified. The obtained data show that the seroen zyme FGF21 level is statistically significantly higher in cows with the FGF21CC genotype than in cows of the heterozygous genotype by 165.5 pg/ml (28.2%; p &lt; 0.001). Analysis of the association between the polymorphism of the FGF21 gene and the level of fibroblast growth factor 21 suggests that the activity of this enzyme changes depending on the genotype, as a result of which there is a variation in serum biochemical parameters of Holstein cattle.

Supplementation of syringic acid-rich Phrynium pubinerve leaves imparts protection against allergic inflammatory responses by downregulating iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions

BackgroundThe present study was designed to characterize the role of ethanolic leaf extract of Phrynium pubinerve Blume (EPP) supplement in attenuating allergic inflammation, encouraged by the presence of syringic acid in it, as this phenolic acid is reportedly promising in suppressing serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokine levels. Materials and methodsHPLC-DAD dereplication analysis was performed to determine the presence of the vital polyphenolic metabolites. The efficacy of EPP against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated by measuring its inhibitory effects on NO and ROS/RNS production. The expressions of major inflammation-associated molecules (iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 cells were assessed through Western blot. Physiological and behavioral changes, BMI, and different biochemical parameters in mice blood serum were investigated in the toxicological assays. Formaldehyde-induced paw edema test in mice was conducted using established animal model. TDI-induced allergic model in mice was carried out to determine different allergy-like symptoms, and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The intermolecular interaction analysis of the identified major metabolite of EPP with H1R and iNOS was studied by molecular docking. ResultsHPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of syringic acid (89.19 mg/100 g EPP) and a few other compounds. LPS-induced NO generation was reduced by EPP in a concentration-dependent manner, showing IC50 of 28.20 ± 0.27 μg/mL. EPP exhibited a similar inhibitory effect on ROS/RNS production with IC50 of 29.47 ± 2.19 μg/mL. Western blotting revealed that EPP significantly downregulated the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells when challenged with LPS. The toxicological assays confirmed the dosage and organ-specific safety of EPP. In the formaldehyde-induced paw edema test, EPP caused a 66.41% reduction in mice paw volume at 500 mg/kg dose. It ameliorated TDI-induced allergy-like symptoms and decreased different inflammatory WBCs in mice's blood and BAL fluid in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, syringic acid demonstrated mentionable intermolecular binding affinity towards H1R (−6.6 Kcal/moL) and iNOS (−6.7 Kcal/moL). ConclusionsCollectively, considerable scientific reasoning was obtained in favor of the suppressive potential of EPP against allergic inflammatory responses that are proposed to be exerted via the downregulation of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions, H1R antagonism and suppression of cytokines, such as IL-6, and TNF-α.

The Role of Selenium on the Status of Mineral Elements and Some Blood Parameters of Blood Serum of Lambs.

Selenium is one of the compounds belonging to the trace minerals group, which needs less than 100 mg/day. This element is one of the main constituents of selenoproteins, and the function of selenoproteins is to help make DNA and protect cells from damage and infection. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of selenium on some mineral elements in the blood serum of lambs. This experiment was conducted using twenty 4-month-old lambs with an average weight of 37±2.2 kg, 4 treatments, and 5 replications in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments tested included control, sodium selenite, nano selenium, and VitEsel. The experiment duration was 30 days, and blood sampling of lambs was performed at the beginning of the experiment (zero), 15, and 30 days. Different sources of selenium significantly affected the concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc (P<0.05). Different sources of selenium in this experiment decreased the concentration of iron and copper and increased the concentration of zinc and plasma selenium in different periods (P<0.05). Using different sources of selenium changed the concentration of the studied elements and showed the difference in their bioavailability.

Effect of the Manufactured Bacterial Preparation on Some Cellular and Biochemical Blood Characteristics of Laying Hens

This experiment was conducted in the field of laying hens affiliated with the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture at Basrah University during the period from 27/12/2021 to 21/2/2021. It was applied to 90 experimental units (a 45-week-old laying hens) of Lohmann Extra, randomly allocated to five treatments. Each treatment has three replicates, with six chickens per replicate. The treatments included: - T1: Negative control treatment (basal diet without Addition) T2: Positive control treatment, the addition of dried skim milk at a level of 1 g / kg of feed. T3, T4, T5: add the manufactured bacterial preparation at a level of (0.5, 1, and 2( g/kg feed, respectively. To study the effect of manufactured bacterial preparation on some cellular and biochemical blood characteristics of laying hens. There was a significant (P≤0.05) improvement in cellular blood parameters, packed cell volume (PCV) and biochemical parameters of blood serum (cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin) in laying hens, and there were no significant differences in the ratio of heterophile cells to lymphocytes(H/L), glucose, and liver enzymes Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT).