Noncommutative Parameter Research Articles

Corrected Hawking Temperature in Snyder’s Quantized Space-time

In the quantized space-time of Snyder, generalized uncertainty relation and commutativity are both included. In this paper we analyze the possible form for the corrected Hawking temperature and derive it from the both effects. It is shown that the corrected Hawking temperature has a form similar to the one of noncommutative geometry inspired Schwarzschild black hole, however with an requirement \(a/\sqrt {\theta }\leq 1/0.015\) for the noncommutative parameter 𝜃 and the minimal length a.

Noncommutative Chern-Simons gauge and gravity theories and their geometric Seiberg-Witten map

We use a geometric generalization of the Seiberg-Witten map between noncommutative and commutative gauge theories to find the expansion of noncommutative Chern-Simons (CS) theory in any odd dimension $D$ and at first order in the noncommutativity parameter $\theta$. This expansion extends the classical CS theory with higher powers of the curvatures and their derivatives. A simple explanation of the equality between noncommutative and commutative CS actions in $D=1$ and $D=3$ is obtained. The $\theta$ dependent terms are present for $D\geq 5$ and give a higher derivative theory on commutative space reducing to classical CS theory for $\theta\to 0$. These terms depend on the field strength and not on the bare gauge potential. In particular, as for the Dirac-Born-Infeld action, these terms vanish in the slowly varying field strength approximation: in this case noncommutative and commutative CS actions coincide in any dimension. The Seiberg-Witten map on the $D=5$ noncommutative CS theory is explored in more detail, and we give its second order $\theta$-expansion for any gauge group. The example of extended $D=5$ CS gravity, where the gauge group is $SU(2,2)$, is treated explicitly.

Pair production of Dirac particles in a $$d+1$$ d + 1 -dimensional noncommutative space–time

This work addresses the computation of the probability of fermionic particle pair production in \((d+1)\)-dimensional noncommutative Moyal space. Using Seiberg–Witten maps, which establish relations between noncommutative and commutative field variables, up to the first order in the noncommutative parameter \(\theta \), we derive the probability density of vacuum–vacuum pair production of Dirac particles. The cases of constant electromagnetic, alternating time-dependent, and space-dependent electric fields are considered and discussed.

Noncommutative minisuperspace, gravity-driven acceleration, and kinetic inflation

In this paper, we introduce a noncommutative version of the Brans-Dicke (BD) theory and obtain the Hamiltonian equations of motion for a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker universe filled with a perfect fluid. We focus on the case where the scalar potential as well as the ordinary matter sector are absent. Then, we investigate gravity-driven acceleration and kinetic inflation in this noncommutative BD cosmology. In contrast to the commutative case, in which the scale factor and BD scalar field are in a power-law form, in the noncommutative case the power-law scalar factor is multiplied by a dynamical exponential warp factor. This warp factor depends on the noncommutative parameter as well as the momentum conjugate associated to the BD scalar field. We show that the BD scalar field and the scale factor effectively depend on the noncommutative parameter. For very small values of this parameter, we obtain an appropriate inflationary solution, which can overcome problems within BD standard cosmology in a more efficient manner. Furthermore, a graceful exit from an early acceleration epoch towards a decelerating radiation epoch is provided. For late times, due to the presence of the noncommutative parameter, we obtain a zero acceleration epoch, which can be interpreted as the coarse-grained explanation.

Probing space–time noncommutativity in the top quark pair production at e+e- collider

The forward–backward asymmetry observed in the top quark pair production at the Fermilab Tevatron points toward the existence of beyond the standard model physics. We have studied the top quark pair production [Formula: see text] in the TeV energy electron–positron linear collider to the leading order of the noncommutative parameter Θμν in the noncommutative standard model. We have made a detailed laboratory frame analysis of the time-averaged cross-section, polar, azimuthal angular distributions, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions, polar (forward–backward) and azimuthal asymmetries of the top-quark pair production in the presence of earth's rotation. We investigated their dependence on the orientation angle of the noncommutative vector η and the noncommutative scale Λ and found that those deviates from the standard model distributions significantly. The azimuthal distribution which is flat in the standard model deviates largely for η = π/2 and Λ = 700 GeV at the fixed machine energy E com = 1000 GeV . We found that the polar distribution deviates largely from the standard model distribution for η = π/2 and Λ = 500 GeV . The azimuthal asymmetry Aϕ which is zero in the standard model can be as large as 4% for Λ = 500 GeV and η = π/2 at the fixed machine energy E com = 1000 GeV . Assuming that the future TeV linear collider will observe Aϕ = ±0.01 we find Λ≤750(860) GeV corresponding to η = π/2. Similarly, corresponding to polar asymmetry A FBz = 0.5078 (which deviates from the standard model prediction by 1%), we find Λ≤760 GeV at the fixed machine energy E com = 1000 GeV for η = π/2.

Hydrogen atom in rotationally invariant noncommutative space

We consider the noncommutative algebra which is rotationally invariant. The hydrogen atom is studied in a rotationally invariant noncommutative space. We find the corrections to the energy levels of the hydrogen atom up to the second order in the parameter of noncommutativity. The upper bound of the parameter of noncommutativity is estimated on the basis of the experimental results for 1s-2s transition frequency.

The continuum phase diagram of the 2d non-commutative λϕ 4 model

We present a non-perturbative study of the lambda phi**4 model on a non-commutative plane. The lattice regularised form can be mapped onto a Hermitian matrix model, which enables Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical data reveal the phase diagram; at large lambda it contains a "striped phase", which is absent in the commutative case. We explore the question whether or not this phenomenon persists in a Double Scaling Limit (DSL), which extrapolates simultaneously to the continuum and to infinite volume, at a fixed non-commutativity parameter. To this end, we introduce a dimensional lattice spacing based on the decay of the correlation function. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a striped phase even in the DSL, which implies the spontaneous breaking of translation symmetry. Due to the non-locality of this model, this does not contradict the Mermin-Wagner Theorem.

One-loop renormalizable Wess-Zumino model on a bosonic-fermionic noncommutative superspace

We construct a deformed Wess-Zumino model on the noncommutative superspace where the bosonic and fermionic coordinates are no longer commutative with each other. Using the background field method, we calculate the primary one-loop effective action based on the deformed action. By comparing the two actions, we find that the deformed Wess-Zumino model is not renormalizable. To obtain a renormalizable model, we combine the primary one-loop effective action with the deformed action, and then calculate the secondary one-loop effective action based on the combined action. After repeating this process a third time, we finally give the one-loop renormalizable action up to the second order of bosonic-fermionic noncommutative parameters by using our specific techniques of calculation.

Energy Spectrum and Phase Transition of Superfluid Fermi Gas of Atoms on Noncommutative Space

Based on the Bogoliubov non-ideal gas model, we discuss the energy spectrum and phase transition of the superfluid Fermi gas of atoms with a weak attractive interaction on the canonical noncommutative space. Because the interaction of a BCS-type superfluid Fermi gas originates from a pair of Fermionic quasi-particles with opposite momenta and spins, the Hamiltonian of the Fermi gas on the noncommutative space can be described in terms of the ordinary creation and annihilation operators related to the commutative space, while the noncommutative effect appears only in the coefficients of the interacting Hamiltonian. As a result, we can rigorously solve the energy spectrum of the Fermi gas on the noncommutative space exactly following the way adopted on the commutative space without the use of perturbation theory. In particular, different from the previous results on the noncommutative degenerate electron gas and superconductor where only the first order corrections of the ground state energy level and energy gap were derived, we obtain the nonperturbative energy spectrum for the noncommutative superfluid Fermi gas, and find that each energy level contains a corrected factor of cosine function of noncommutative parameters. In addition, our result shows that the energy gap becomes narrow and the critical temperature of phase transition from a superfluid state to an ordinary fluid state decreases when compared with that in the commutative case.

CMB statistical anisotropy from noncommutative gravitational waves

Primordial statistical anisotropy is a key indicator to investigate early Universe models and has been probed by the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. In this paper, we examine tensor-mode CMB fluctuations generated from anisotropic gravitational waves, parametrised by Ph(k) = Ph(0)(k) [ 1 + ∑LM fL(k) gLM YLM (k̂)], where Ph(0)(k) is the usual scale-invariant power spectrum. Such anisotropic tensor fluctuations may arise from an inflationary model with noncommutativity of fields. It is verified that in this model, an isotropic component and a quadrupole asymmetry with f0(k) = f2(k) ∝ k-2 are created and hence highly red-tilted off-diagonal components arise in the CMB power spectra, namely ℓ2 = ℓ1 ± 2 in TT, TE, EE and BB, and ℓ2 = ℓ1 ± 1 in TB and EB. We find that B-mode polarisation is more sensitive to such signals than temperature and E-mode polarisation due to the smallness of large-scale cosmic variance and we can potentially measure g00 = 30 and g2M = 58 at 68% CL in a cosmic-variance-limited experiment. Such a level of signal may be measured in a PRISM like experiment, while the instrumental noise contaminates it in the Planck experiment. These results imply that it is impossible to measure the noncommutative parameter if it is small enough for the perturbative treatment to be valid. Our formalism and methodology for dealing with the CMB tensor statistical anisotropy are general and straightforwardly applicable to other early Universe models.

Equivalence of curvature and noncommutativity in a physical space: Harmonic oscillator on sphere

We study the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator on a noncommutative plane. We show that by introducing appropriate Bopp shifts, one can obtain the Hamiltonian of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator on a sphere according to the Higgs model. By calculating the commutation relations, we show that this noncommutativity is strictly dependent on the curvature of the background space. In other words, we introduce a kind of duality between noncommutativity and curvature by introducing noncommutativity parameters as functions of curvature. Also, it is shown that the physical realization of such model is a charged harmonic oscillator in the presence of electromagnetic field.

Study of the photon's pole structure in the noncommutative Schwinger model.

The photon self-energy of the noncommutative Schwinger model at two- and three-loop order is analyzed. It is shown that the mass spectrum of the model does not receive any correction from the noncommutativity parameter (theta ) at these orders. Also it remains unchanged to all orders. The exact one-loop effective action for the photon is also calculated.

Path integral action and Chern–Simons quantum mechanics in noncommutative plane

In this paper, the connection between the path integral representation of propagators in the coherent state basis with additional degrees of freedom (Rohwer et al 2010 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43 345302) and the one without any such degrees of freedom (Gangopadhyay and Scholtz 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 241602) is established. We further demonstrate that the path integral formalism developed in the noncommutative plane using the coherent state basis leads to a quantum mechanics involving a Chern–Simons term in momentum which is of noncommutative origin. The origin of this term from the Bopp-shift point of view is also investigated. A relativistic generalization of the action derived from the path integral framework is then proposed. Finally, we construct a map from the commutative quantum Hall system to a particle in a noncommutative plane moving in a magnetic field. The value of the noncommutative parameter from this map is then computed and is found to agree with previous results.

Self-quartic interaction for a scalar field in an extended DFR noncommutative space–time

The framework of Doplicher–Fredenhagen–Roberts (DFR) for a noncommutative (NC) space–time is considered as an alternative approach to study the NC space–time of the early Universe. Concerning this formalism, the NC constant parameter, θμν, is promoted to coordinate of the space–time and consequently we can describe a field theory in a space–time with extra-dimensions. We will see that there is a canonical momentum associated with this new coordinate in which the effects of a new physics can emerge in the propagation of the fields along the extra-dimensions. The Fourier space of this framework is automatically extended by the addition of the new momenta components. The main concept that we would like to emphasize from the outset is that the formalism demonstrated here will not be constructed by introducing a NC parameter in the system, as usual. It will be generated naturally from an already NC space. We will review that when the components of the new momentum are zero, the (extended) DFR approach is reduced to the usual (canonical) NC case, in which θμν is an antisymmetric constant matrix. In this work we will study a scalar field action with self-quartic interaction ϕ4⋆ defined in the DFR NC space–time. We will obtain the Feynman rules in the Fourier space for the scalar propagator and vertex of the model. With these rules we are able to build the radiative corrections to one loop order of the model propagator. The consequences of the NC scale, as well as the propagation of the field in extra-dimensions, will be analyzed in the ultraviolet divergences scenario. We will investigate about the actual possibility that this kμν conjugate momentum has the property of healing the combination of IR/UV divergences that emerges in this recently new NC spacetime quantum field theory.

Upper bound of the time-space non-commutative parameter from gravitational quantum well experiment

Starting from a field theoretic description of the gravitational well problem in a canonical non-commutative spacetime, we have studied the effect of time-space non-commutativity in the gravitational well scenario. The corresponding first quantized theory reveals a spectrum with leading order perturbation term of non-commutative origin. GRANIT experimental data are used to estimate an upper bound on the time-space non-commutative parameter.

Oscillators in a (2+1)-dimensional noncommutative space

We study the Harmonic and Dirac Oscillator problem extended to a three-dimensional noncommutative space where the noncommutativity is induced by the shift of the dynamical variables with generators of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$SL(2,\mathbb {R})$\end{document}SL(2,R) in a unitary irreducible representation considered in Falomir et al. [Phys. Rev. D 86, 105035 (2012)]. This redefinition is interpreted in the framework of the Levi's decomposition of the deformed algebra satisfied by the noncommutative variables. The Hilbert space gets the structure of a direct product with the representation space as a factor, where there exist operators which realize the algebra of Lorentz transformations. The spectrum of these models are considered in perturbation theory, both for small and large noncommutativity parameters, finding no constraints between coordinates and momenta noncommutativity parameters. Since the representation space of the unitary irreducible representations \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$SL(2,\mathbb {R})$\end{document}SL(2,R) can be realized in terms of spaces of square-integrable functions, we conclude that these models are equivalent to quantum mechanical models of particles living in a space with an additional compact dimension.

Colella-Overhauser-Werner test of the weak equivalence principle: A low-energy window to look into the noncommutative structure of space-time?

We construct the quantum mechanical model of the COW experiment assuming that the underlying space time has a granular structure, described by a canonical noncommutative algebra of coordinates $x^{\mu}$. The time-space sector of the algebra is shown to add a mass-dependent contribution to the gravitational acceleration felt by neutron deBrogli waves measured in a COW experiment. This makes time-space noncommutativity a potential candidate for an apparent violation of WEP even if the ratio of the inertial mass $m_{i}$ and gravitational mass $m_{g}$ is a universal constant. The latest experimental result based on COW principle is shown to place an upper-bound several orders of magnitude stronger than the existing one on the time-space noncommutative parameter. We argue that the evidence of NC structure of space-time may be found if the COW-type experiment can be repeated with several particle species.

Kinematical Brownian Motion of the Harmonic Oscillator in Non-Commutative Space

In this work the Jacobi’s second equality in the form of stochastic equation and the Wiener path integral approach are used to evaluate the probability density of harmonic oscillator in non-commutative space. Using the factorization theorem and the Mastubara formalism, the thermodynamic parameters are determined. The structure of Fokker-Planck equation remained the same even in a commutative and non-commutative space. Moreover, the non-commutative parameter is depicted for increasing value of the entropy.

Horizon area spectrum and entropy spectrum of a noncommutative geometry inspired regular black hole in three dimensions

By employing an adiabatic invariant and implementing the Bohr-Sommerfield quantization rule, I study the quantization of a regular black hole inspired by noncommutative geometry in AdS3 spacetime. The entropy spectrum as well as the horizon area spectrum of the black hole is obtained. It is shown that the spectra are discrete, and the spacing of the entropy spectrum is equidistant; in the limit , the area spectrum depends on the noncommutative parameter and the cosmological constant, but the spacing of the area spectrum is equidistant up to leading order in θ, and is independent of the noncommutative parameter and the cosmological constant.

Anisotropic non-gaussianity with noncommutative spacetime

We study single field inflation in noncommutative spacetime and compute two-point and three-point correlation functions for the curvature perturbation. We find that both power spectrum and bispectrum for comoving curvature perturbation are statistically anisotropic and the bispectrum is also modified by a phase factor depending upon the noncommutative parameters. The non-linearity parameter fNL is small for small statistical anisotropic corrections to the bispectrum coming from the noncommutative geometry and is consistent with the recent PLANCK bounds. There is a scale dependence of fNL due to the noncommutative spacetime which is different from the standard single field inflation models and statistically anisotropic vector field inflation models. Deviations from statistical isotropy of CMB, observed by PLANCK can tightly constraint the effects due to noncommutative geometry on power spectrum and bispectrum.