Analysis Of Parameters Research Articles

Long-distance transmission conductor condition sensing based on distributed fiber optic sensing technology

Abstract The existing long-distance transmission line perception mainly focuses on the measurement and analysis of electrical parameters. When the line is subject to wind vibration, icing or galloping, the changes of electrical parameters are not obvious and difficult to capture, resulting in poor performance of long-distance transmission line fault state perception. In this regard, the long-distance transmission line condition sensing based on distributed optical fiber sensing technology is studied. This method designs corresponding sensing methods for four working conditions: using the back Brillouin scattering sensor and phase sensitive Rayleigh scattering sensor in the optical fiber sensing technology to form a multi parameter distributed optical fiber sensing device, which is used to sense the surface temperature, vibration, strain and other data of the long-distance transmission line; By analyzing the linear relationship between fiber Brillouin frequency shift and Brillouin power and fiber strain and temperature, the sensing results of icing thickness of long-distance transmission lines are obtained; By calculating the amplitude and phase information of the detection signal, the sensing results of long-distance transmission line vibration are obtained; By calculating the time difference of polarization mutation signal at both ends of long-distance transmission line, combined with the propagation speed of optical signal and the length of long-distance transmission line, the perception result of lightning fault location of long-distance transmission line can be obtained. The experimental results show that this method can more accurately collect the real-time operation data of long-distance transmission lines, and can effectively perceive the galloping, wind vibration and lightning fault location of long-distance transmission lines.

Parametric Analysis of the Compact and Long-Term-Operable Passive Residual Heat Removal System

Differing from land-based systems, conventional passive residual heat removal systems (PRHRSs) in nuclear-powered ships encounter challenges for use as safety systems due to limited space and difficulties in adopting safety aids. To resolve this problem, the authors have previously suggested a compact and long-term-operable PRHRS that uses air cooling and seawater cooling in tandem, and its feasibility was confirmed through a design study and transient analysis. Nevertheless, the system performance depends on various parameters, and their sensitivities have yet to be analyzed. The purpose of the current study is to conduct a parametric analysis of the system focusing on four parameters: filling ratio, thermal center difference between heat source and sink, heeling angle, and heat source temperature. The Multi-dimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety (MARS-KS) code was used for the parametric analysis. The results show that the parameters are highly interrelated with each other, and consequently, the system exhibits significantly different behavior depending on the parameter conditions. In particular, the filling ratio determines the overall trends of the system. It was also found that the presence of two heat sinks with a single heat source in the natural circulation loop of the system complicate the natural circulation behavior. Based on the results, we conclude that a thorough examination and careful control of the parameters are necessary to implement the proposed system. The highlights are as follows: 1. Parametric analysis of compact and long-term-operable PRHRS is conducted. 2. Analysis reveals that the filling ratio is the most dominant parameter for system performance. 3. The unique behavior of the natural circulation loop with two heat sinks and a single heat source is analyzed.

Simulating the impact of tumor mechanical forces on glymphatic networks in the brain parenchyma

AbstractThe brain glymphatic system is currently being explored in the context of many neurological disorders and diseases, including traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and ischemic stroke. However, little is known about the impact of brain tumors on glymphatic function. Mechanical forces generated during tumor development and growth may be responsible for compromised glymphatic transport pathways, reducing waste clearance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport in the brain parenchyma. One such force is solid stress, i.e., growth-induced forces from cell hyperproliferation and excess matrix deposition. Because there are no prior studies assessing the impact of tumor-derived solid stress on glymphatic system structure and performance in the brain parenchyma, this study serves to fill an important gap in the field. We adapted a previously developed Electrical Analog Model using MATLAB Simulink for glymphatic transport coupled with Finite Element Analysis for tumor mechanical stresses and strains in COMSOL. This allowed simulation of the impact of tumor mechanical force generation on fluid transport within brain parenchymal glymphatic units—which include perivascular spaces, astrocytic networks, interstitial spaces, and capillary basement membranes. We conducted a parametric analysis to compare the contributions of tumor size, tumor proximity, and ratio of glymphatic subunits to the stress and strain experienced by the glymphatic unit and corresponding reduction in flow rate of CSF. Mechanical stresses intensify with proximity to the tumor and increasing tumor size, highlighting the vulnerability of nearby glymphatic units to tumor-derived forces. Our stress and strain profiles reveal compressive deformation of these surrounding glymphatics and demonstrate that varying the relative contributions of astrocytes vs. interstitial spaces impact the resulting glymphatic structure significantly under tumor mechanical forces. Increased tumor size and proximity caused increased stress and strain across all glymphatic subunits, as does decreased astrocyte composition. Indeed, our model reveals an inverse correlation between extent of astrocyte contribution to the composition of the glymphatic unit and the resulting mechanical stress. This increased mechanical strain across the glymphatic unit decreases the venous efflux rate of CSF, dependent on the degree of strain and the specific glymphatic subunit of interest. For example, a 20% mechanical strain on capillary basement membranes does not significantly decrease venous efflux (2% decrease in flow rates), while the same magnitude of strain on astrocyte networks and interstitial spaces decreases efflux flow rates by 7% and 22%, respectively. Our simulations reveal that solid stress from growing brain tumors directly reduces glymphatic fluid transport, independently from biochemical effects from cancer cells. Understanding these pathophysiological implications is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at restoring effective waste clearance mechanisms in the brain. This study opens potential avenues for future experimental research in brain tumor-related glymphatic dysfunction.

QUALITY AND SAFETY PARAMETERS BEFORE AND AFTER PASTEURIZATION OF APPLE JUICE

The research was carried out in September (2023) on the premises of the “Kosovo Agricultural Institute” in the city of Peja. The purpose of this research was to show the influence of pasteurization on the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of apple juice. During the study, several analyses of the physical, chemical, and sensory parameters of apple juice were carried out. The parameters that have been realized include: °Brix value, Total acidity, Vitamin C, pH and SO2, sensory parameters: aroma, color, taste, and clarity-turbidity. The purpose of this research is the importance of knowing the influence of some parameters on apple juice before and after pasteurization. Pasteurization of apple juice is of great importance due to various factors related to food safety, storage, and consumer health. In the analysis of sensory parameters, the juice before pasteurization had a milder and lighter aroma, had a lighter yellow color, tasted less sweet, less fresh, and had low acidity. Clarity was present but contained some turbidity. In the analysis of sensory parameters, the evaluation of physicochemical parameters and sensory parameters should contribute to valuable knowledge on the physicochemical transformations caused by pasteurization in apple juice. Understanding these changes is very important for maintaining product quality and ensuring customer satisfaction. The study provides a basis for optimizing pasteurization processes to minimize unwanted changes in juice characteristics.

COMPARISON OF SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SOUR CHERRY JUICE IN DIFFERENT PACKAGING

Fruits and their products are of great importance in the food industry. Fruit juices are found in almost every market, which helps consumers to get nutritional value from their consumption. The quality and insurance must be at the right level, but even more important to apply permanent control. Sampling was carried out randomly directly in the supermarket, and the analysis of parameters in the study of sensory quality (color, taste, aroma, and homogeneity) and physical-chemical (pH, °Brix, total acidity, and turbidity) in sour cherry juice is of importance because the same juice in different packaging is compared. After the analyses that have been carried out and the results obtained, they provide additional insight into the analyzed parameters. So, the consumer receives additional information, also confidence in the quality of the product will increase based on the results obtained. In conclusion, even though we are talking about the same sour cherry juice, as a result of the % content of the raw material with different amounts and the different packaging, the analyses for the parameters under study prove the differences, but at the limit, so the analyzed juices are within the standard for quality.

Complex nonlinear dynamics of a multidirectional energy harvester with hybrid transduction

Abstract Mechanical energy harvesting has increasing scientific and technological interests due to novel energetic challenges. A critical issue in classical cantilever-based mechanical energy harvesting systems is the lack of multidirectional energy conversion capabilities and, due to that, deviations from the excitation source can drastically reduce their performance. This limitation has led to the development of energy harvesters with attached pendula, serving as a direction coupling mechanism. Nevertheless, the pendulum structure itself can act as an energy absorber, drastically reducing the harvester performance in certain scenarios. In order to overcome this issue, a hybrid transduction multidirectional pendulum-based energy harvester is proposed integrating a piezoelectric element, to capture energy from the principal direction, and an electromagnetic transducer, to harness rotational energy from the pendulum. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the hybrid multidirectional pendulum-based energy harvester using a nonlinear dynamics perspective to evaluate the energy harvesting performance. A reduced-order model is proposed to represent the essential characteristics of such systems. A parametric analysis using a nonlinear dynamics perspective is carried out to map the system dynamics and performance. The emergence of complex and rich dynamics is observed, including chaos and hyperchaos. Results reveal the most and least effective combinations of structural parameters in terms of energy conversion. Additionally, the dynamical responses and patterns associated with high performance are identified. These responses are often characterized by a blend of irregular complex behaviors, coupled with a mix of oscillatory and rotational patterns of motion, resulting in wider bandwidth systems.

Analysis and comparison of retinal vascular parameters under different glucose metabolic status based on deep learning.

To develop a deep learning-based model for automatic retinal vascular segmentation, analyzing and comparing parameters under diverse glucose metabolic status (normal, prediabetes, diabetes) and to assess the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in image segmentation and retinal vascular parameters for predicting prediabetes and diabetes. Retinal fundus photos from 200 normal individuals, 200 prediabetic patients, and 200 diabetic patients (600 eyes in total) were used. The U-Net network served as the foundational architecture for retinal artery-vein segmentation. An automatic segmentation and evaluation system for retinal vascular parameters was trained, encompassing 26 parameters. Significant differences were found in retinal vascular parameters across normal, prediabetes, and diabetes groups, including artery diameter (P=0.008), fractal dimension (P=0.000), vein curvature (P=0.003), C-zone artery branching vessel count (P=0.049), C-zone vein branching vessel count (P=0.041), artery branching angle (P=0.005), vein branching angle (P=0.001), artery angle asymmetry degree (P=0.003), vessel length density (P=0.000), and vessel area density (P=0.000), totaling 10 parameters. The deep learning-based model facilitates retinal vascular parameter identification and quantification, revealing significant differences. These parameters exhibit potential as biomarkers for prediabetes and diabetes.

Characteristics of gait function in hemiparetic patients with subacute period of ischemic stroke: one-centered, retrospective study.

Background: gait disorders are common among 80% of stroke patients. The consequences include an increased risk of falls and functional limitations, which can significantly reduce the quality of life. Aims: to investigate the functional profile of hemiparesis resulting from subacute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: an observational, retrospective, one-stage, single-center study was conducted, which included an analysis of primary biomechanical gait parameters in 31 patients and 34 healthy controls. Spatial, temporal, kinematic and EMG characteristics were recorded. A statistical assessment, inter-group and intra-group comparison of the collected data were performed to identify the pathognomonic features of hemiplegic gait in patients with subacute stroke. Results: changes in gait biomechanics typical for hemiparetic patients who have suffered ischemic stroke were revealed: slight asymmetry of step cycle, normal duration of support period on the paretic side, a significant increase in duration of support period on the healthy side, as well as shortening of single support period on the paretic side. In addition, the asymmetry of the walking function was revealed to be characterized by changes in reciprocity, i.e. a harmonious sequence of step cycles. The function of the hip and knee joints was reduced and altered, as well as the amplitude of the ankle joint was increased. Decrease and change in the bioelectric activity profile of muscles was detected. At the same time, the quadriceps femoris function suffered the least. Conclusions: the main changes in walking function are characterized by an asymmetry of spatio-temporal parameters, a decrease in movement amplitudes of the hip and knee joints on the paretic side, an increase in amplitude of the ankle joint, a decrease in the bioelectric activity of muscles and a shift in the phases of their activity. The results obtained may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind hemiplegic gait and provide a valuable tool for developing more personalized and targeted rehabilitation plans for patients suffering hemiparesis as a result of subacute ischemic stroke.

Prognostication in Epilepsy with Integrated Analysis of Blood Parameters and Clinical Data

Background/Objectives: Determining the outcome of epilepsy is crucial for making proactive and timely treatment decisions and for counseling patients. Recent research efforts have focused on using various imaging techniques and EEG for prognostication; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding the role of blood parameters. Our study aimed to investigate the additional prognostic value of routine blood parameters in predicting epilepsy outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from 1782 patients who underwent routine blood tests within 90 days of their first visit and had a minimum follow-up duration of three years. The etiological types were structural (35.1%), genetic (14.2%), immune (4.7%), infectious (2.9%), and unknown (42.6%). The outcome was defined as the presence of seizures in the last year. Results: Initially, a multivariate analysis was conducted based on clinical variables, MRI data, and EEG data. This analysis revealed that sex, age of onset, referred cases, epileptiform discharge, structural etiology, and the number of antiseizure medications were related to the outcome, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.705. Among the blood parameters, fibrinogen, bilirubin, uric acid, and aPTT were significant, with AUCs of 0.602, 0.597, 0.455, and 0.549, respectively. Including these blood parameters in the analysis slightly improved the AUC to 0.710. Conclusions: Some blood parameters were found to be related to the final outcome, potentially paving the way to understanding the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and drug resistance.

Expressions of biblical origin in learners’ dictionaries of proverbs and phraseological units

The need to improve the lexicographic description of the phraseological units and proverbs of biblical ori[1]gin which are not always fully parameterised in learners’ dictionaries, determines the relevance of the research presented in this article. The study aims to justify the methods for expanding the historical and etymological parametric zone of dictionary entries representing proverbs and phraseological units traced back to the Bible. Moreover, another goal is to develop new models for describing this linguistically and culturally valuable material in learners’ dictionaries intended, first and foremost, for primary school learners. Parametric analysis of modern lexicographic publications enabled us to identify the specific features of presenting the cultural and historical background of phraseological units and proverbs of biblical origin to schoolchildren, as well as to outline ways of improving their historical and etymological commentary. We developed our own materials using the method of lexicographic modeling and the author techniques of etymological paraphrasing. Through historical and etymological analysis, the origin of phraseological units and proverbs selected for lexicographic description was specified. The results of the study supplemented the theoretical and methodological basis of learner’s lexicography, as well as substantiated the use of models for describing proverbs and phraseological units dating back to biblical texts in a discursive dictionary. For instance, to represent expressions that are culturally significant but rare in modern speech, we suggest using a model of a comprehensive linguo-cultural text written by the author-compiler. In addition, a model of a narrative text on the issues relevant to children is proposed for actively functioning proverbs and phraseological units. The paper concludes that the developed lexicographic description models foreground the spiritual and moral potential of proverbs and phraseological units of biblical origin. Moreover, working with dictionary materials enables the accomplishment of educational objectives. It is emphasised that the practical va[1]lue of the developed models for describing proverbs and phraseological units lies in the possibility of their use by teachers when preparing informative teaching materials on phraseology and paremiology for a Russian language lesson or an extracurricular event. As a research outlook, we plan to develop the concept of a learner’s phraseological dictionary for secondary school students with extensive use of the biblical text and various research assignments.

A Comparison of Anthropometrics Parameters by Different Court Play Position in Girl’s Youth Volleyball

The aim of the study was to compare the anthropometrics parameters of young female volleyball players by different court play position. 52 female volleyball players (indoor court) (mean ± SD age: 15.7 ± 1.2 years) participated in the study. Players were divided based on their playing position (middle blocks, setters, liberos, and hitters (outside hitter/left side hitter and opposite hitter/right side hitter). They were examined in the field for anthropometric characteristics such as BM (mean ± SD: 61.4 ± 13.4 kg), height (mean ± SD: 163.6 ± 7.7 cm), Body Mass Index [BMI] (mean ± SD: 22.6 ± 3.1), waist circumference (mean ± SD: 70 ± 8.4 cm).All data are presented as mean ± SD, and the level of significance was set at p ≤0.05. Therefore, a parametric analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to determine significant differences among positions in anthropometric parameters.Post hoc comparison indicated that height and body mass differed significantly among most groups; however, no significant differences were found between middle blocker and setters (p = 0.20) for height. In addition, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected between the setter and opposite hitters (p = 0.55) and between middle blocker and outside hitter (p = 0.41) for body-height. In conclusion this study indicates that significant differences exist among youth female volleyball players of different playing positions for body-mass, body-height, waist-circumference and BMI.

Parametric analysis on mechanical performance and additional reinforcement design method of reinforced concrete chimneys with openings

Parametric analysis on mechanical performance and additional reinforcement design method of reinforced concrete chimneys with openings

Age-related analysis of corneal biomechanical parameters in healthy Chinese individuals

To report the correlation between corneal biomechanical parameters and age in healthy Chinese individuals. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 864 eyes of 543 healthy participants. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination and corneal biomechanics examination using Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) were conducted. Based on age, all participants were further divided into five age groups (n) as follows: group A, 11–20 years (105); group B, 21–30 years (112); group C, 31–40 years (113); group D, 41–50 years (100); and group E, > 50 years (113). Using Corvis ST, we examined 35 corneal biomechanical parameters and compared them across the different age groups. Spearman’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate whether the corneal biomechanical parameters were related to demographic and ocular characteristics. A correlation analysis between the left and right eyes revealed that 13 parameters were significantly associated with eye differences. Among the 35 corneal biomechanical parameters, 28 exhibited significant differences across the age groups, with stiffness parameter at applanation 1(SPA1) showing an upward trend after the age of 30 and stress–strain index (SSI) demonstrates a statistically significant upward trend when comparing the five age groups in the study. Additionally, Spearman’s correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that 11 corneal biomechanical parameters were positively correlated with age and 10 were negatively correlated with age. Corvis biomechanical index (CBI) was significantly negatively correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT), SSI was significantly positively correlated with age and IOP, and SPA1 were positively correlated with IOP and CCT. In conclusion, most corneal biomechanical parameters showed a significant correlation with age, with corneal stiffness progressively increasing alongside advancing age, IOP, or CCT.

Circular-ring tied arc loaded excellent metamaterial absorber for EMI shielding of Wi-Fi signal and impurity sensing of cooking oil

This paper demonstrates a unique symmetric structure excellent metamaterial absorber (MMA) loaded with circular-ring tied arcs. The FR4 substrate-based MMA can accomplish 98.88 % and 99.81 % absorption maximums at the Wi-Fi and 5G frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz respectively. The unit cell dimension of 0.16λ0×0.16λ0×0.0128λ0 is considered where the wavelength, λ0 is calculated at 2.4 GHz. The performance of the absorber is analyzed through the electric field, magnetic field, surface current, and effective parameters. The dimensions are optimized through the parametric analysis of the developed model in CST software. The model exhibits stability up to 60° for Transverse electric and magnetic polarizations. During electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding demonstration, it can achieve a high shielding effectiveness (SE) of 54.34 dB at 2.4 GHz and 77.96 dB at 5.0 GHz. For sensing operation, it can attain a quality factor (Q-factor) of 25.61, a sensitivity of 3.30 %, and a figure of merit (FoM) of 84.51. The prototype measurements of the MMA for EMI shielding and impurity sensing of oil samples have a strong correlation with the simulation performance. Because of the high SE, Q-factor, sensitivity, and FoM, the developed MMA can be a competitive candidate in EMI shielding and oil impurity sensing applications.

On the Machinability and Formation of Gas Film Thickness in ECDM of Silica based Pyrex Glass

Abstract Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) stands out as a preferred method for microfluidic channel fabrication due to its ability to produce required shapes with the least thermal damage along with close tolerances and dimensional accuracy. Recently, there has been significant progress made in the domain of ECDM for parametric analysis, focusing on discharge regime characteristics, but precise control of the hydrodynamic regime remains a challenge. We analyzed the effect of various auxiliary electrodes on the formation of gas film thickness and discharge energy during the fabrication of microchannels using ECDM on silica-based Pyrex glass under varying conditions. Experiments were conducted on an ECDM setup to achieve near damage-free edges of microchannels on the surface silica-based Pyrex glass. Results show the effect of various auxiliary electrodes, applied voltage, and electrolyte concentration on gas film thickness, spark energy, rate of material removal (MRR), and width of overcut (WOC). The optimum parametric level of applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and auxiliary electrode were 68V, 35wt%, and A2 auxiliary electrode, respectively and the best response values were 0.4134mg/min, and 40μm, respectively, for MRR and WOC. In addition, tool wear rate, heat affected zone, and surface morphology of fabricated microchannels was examined using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Development and comprehensive analyses of a hybrid solar–geothermal driven polygeneration system: Thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and emergoenvironmental aspects

The present research proposed an innovative polygeneration system that uses solar, geothermal, and natural gas energy to produce power, heat, steam, and freshwater. The system consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle, and a multi-effect thermal desalination system. The study included thermodynamic, exergy, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, emergy-based exergoeconomic, and emergy-based exergoenvironmental factors in its comprehensive evaluation of the system. Results underscored the financial aspect of the organic Rankine cycle and cogeneration system, incurring costs of 0.4518 $/s and 1.054 $/s respectively, while also highlighting the system's capability to produce 6 kg/s of freshwater. The environmental impact rates were quantified for the organic Rankine cycle and cogeneration system at 0.1417 and 0.4814 pts/s respectively, situating the system within its ecological context. Further, the study detailed the total efficiency and net power output of the organic Rankine cycle and cogeneration system, ranging between 32.45–33.51% and 43.25–45.83% for efficiency, and 56956–56322 kW and 50174–51898 kW for net power output r espectively, showcasing the system's operational capacity. A parametric analysis was also integral to the study, examining the impact of key parameters on the functionality of the proposed system, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the system's performance under varying operational scenarios.

Experimental study on acoustic emission damage in precast reinforced concrete interior joints containing disc springs

To address the inferior performance of precast reinforced concrete beam-column joints compared to cast-in-place joints during earthquakes, this study designed a precast concrete frame beam-column interior joint incorporating disc springs. The disc springs, installed based on grouted sleeve connections, aimed to enhance structural ductility and mitigate seismic forces on the joints. Five joints, including one cast-in-place joint, two ordinary precast joints, and two precast joints with disc springs, were tested quasi-statically and monitored using acoustic emission technology. The precast joints had axial compression ratios of 0.2 and 0.4. Parameters such as energy, count, and b-value from acoustic emission monitoring were analyzed. The Gaussian mixture model was employed for the clustering analysis of RA-AF parameters, and a damage model was developed to evaluate performance differences among the joints in the quasi-static tests. The results indicate that precast joints with the same axial compression ratio can achieve performance similar to cast-in-place joints, with more rapid damage development at higher axial compression ratios. Installing disc springs decelerates damage progression in the later stages of loading, maintaining joint integrity for a certain period even after reaching maximum load, thereby demonstrating improved ductility. At higher axial compression ratios, the b-value curve of joints with disc springs more closely resembles that of ordinary joints. Disc springs' positive effect is more pronounced in clustering analysis and damage models, such as their lower proportion of shear fractures.

Protective effect of sinomenine against CCl4-induced acute liver injury through regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-provoked acute liver injury (ALI) is typified by intensified apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative changes besides mitochondrial dysfunction. Sinomenine is an active constituent in the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. The main objective of this study was to determine sinomenine-induced hepatoprotection following CCl4 challenge with an emphasis on unraveling the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors. To induce ALI, CCl4 was injected i.p. and sinomenine was orally administered at 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. Serum factors in relation to liver dysfunction were measured in addition to hepatic analysis of apoptotic, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. Sinomenine pretreatment significantly lowered ALT and AST, MDA, IL-6, apoptosis intensity, and TNF-α and restored mitochondrial biogenesis besides enhancement of SOD, sirtuin-1, and AMPK. Sinomenine also conferred hepatoprotective impact, as was apparent by lower pathologic changes. These effects were accompanied by changes in gene expression for AMPK/sirtuin-1/PGC-1α/PPARγ. The current study showed sinomenine hepatoprotective impact in CCl4-induced ALI that is associated with its regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and parallel enhancement of AMPK/sirtuin-1.

Dynamics of autonomous and nonautonomous Leslie–Gower model for the impacts of fear and its carry‐over effects including predator harvesting

Recently, certain biological field experiments and research findings have revealed that predators not only reduce prey populations through direct predation (lethal effect) but also indirectly affect the growth rate of prey by inducing fear; these nonlethal effects can be carried over seasons or generations. In this paper, we proposed an autonomous and a nonautonomous Leslie–Gower model incorporating some biological factors such as fear and its carry‐over effects, prey refuge, and nonlinear predator harvesting. In the autonomous model, first, we examined the well‐posedness, positivity solutions, and their boundedness. Also, it is shown that new equilibrium points emerge and disappear with the change in intrinsic growth rate of predator. Further, we compute and analyzed the local and global stability at the interior equilibrium points. Furthermore, Hopf bifurcation and direction and stability of limit cycle at interior equilibrium points are established. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of the biological parameters is carried out numerically with two statistical methods via Latin hypercube sampling and partial rank correlation coefficients. It was found that at the small values of fear factor, carry‐over effect, and refuge behavior of prey parameters, the autonomous system exhibits oscillatory behavior, whereas for small values of prey birth rate and harvesting effort, the system remains stable. However, when intrinsic growth rate of predator increases from a low value to a higher value, the system shows transition from stability to instability and back to stability. We also explore the effects of seasonal variations in biological parameters in the nonautonomous model. Additionally, we investigate the theoretical existence of positive periodic solutions using the continuation theorem. The influences of seasonal variations in some parameters such as prey's birth rate, fear, and its carry‐over effects; refuge behavior of prey; intrinsic growth rate of predator; and harvesting effort are then numerically investigated. The results reveal the emergence of positive periodic solutions and bursting patterns in the seasonally forced model.

Desert-oasis evolutionary process in the Tarim Basin since ∼ 2.2 ka B.P. during the late Holocene and their environmental implications

Oases, serving as ideal locations for human settlements in arid regions, exhibit extreme sensitivity to regional climatic fluctuations. Consequently, the oasis deposition sediments play a pivotal role in the study of regional paleoenvironmental changes and the exploration of prehistoric human-environment interactions. The YSD and STM sections, both typical aeolian-lacustrine sections located at the edge of the Tarim Basin, were investigated in this study. By analyzing optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results and grain-size proxy indicators, the environmental evolution patterns in the Tarim Basin since approximately 2.2 ka BP were reconstructed. Additionally, the parametric end-member analysis on the grain-size data was conducted to explore the environmental significance revealed by each end-member. The research findings indicate that: (1) ∼ 2.2–1.8 ka B.P., sediment morphology and grain-size parameters indicate that the climate in the Tarim Basin recorded by the STM section was relatively dry, with rivers gradually receding and frequent sand-drift activities. During the development of the YSD section (∼1.67–1.5 ka B.P.), the environmental conditions in the Tarim Basin transitioned to a relatively humid phase, with the Yarkand River experienced multiple episodes of natural diluvial deposition. The grain-size data of two sections both comprise five sedimentary dynamic components, serving as sensitive indicators of regional humidity conditions and winter monsoon intensity. (2) The oasis development in the Tarim Basin during the late Holocene (particularly refers to between ∼ 2.2 ka B.P. and ∼ 1.4 ka B.P.) exhibits a significant positive correlation with temperature records. (3) Environmental changes and human activities jointly regulate the spatial and temporal distribution and number of archeological sites during the development of both sections. However, the dominance of the two factors varied across different historical periods.