Parallel Testing Research Articles

Can digital transformation curtail carbon emissions? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment

Digital infrastructure construction (DIC) is a crucial component of digital transformation, yet its impact on the sustainable development of cities remains uncertain. To address this question, this study employs the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to evaluate the effects of a typical DIC policy, the Broadband China Pilot (BBCP) policy. The research sample covers data from Chinese cities from 2009 to 2019. The DID estimation demonstrates that the BBCP policy effectively decreased carbon emissions (COE). Robustness tests, such as parallel trend tests, placebo tests, propensity score matching DID, and local projection DID, all confirm the negative impact of the BBCP policy on COE. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the BBCP policy has a greater mitigation effect on COE in non-resource cities. The BBCP policy has a stronger effect on reducing the COE in cities with a higher proportion of green funds or lower fiscal expenditures. Further analysis indicates that the BBCP policy significantly improves low-carbon ecological efficiency and reduces COE intensity. The results of the mechanism analysis reveal that the BBCP policy lowers COE by enhancing the industrial structure and promoting green technological progress. The study provides policy recommendations in the realm of DIC for developing countries to achieve digital transformation and low COE development concurrently. This research can assist governments in better considering how to implement DIC policies to construct ecologically sustainable cities with low COE.

Are Dutch adults equally susceptible to nudging and pricing strategies? Secondary analyses of the Supreme Nudge parallel cluster-randomised controlled supermarket trial

BackgroundSupermarket interventions are promising to promote healthier dietary patterns, but not all individuals may be equally susceptible. We explored whether the effectiveness of nudging and pricing strategies on diet quality differs by psychological and grocery shopping characteristics.MethodsWe used data of the 12-month Supreme Nudge parallel cluster-randomised controlled supermarket trial, testing nudging and pricing strategies to promote healthier diets. Participants were Dutch speaking adults aged 30–80 years and regular shoppers of participating supermarkets (n = 12) in socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Data on psychological characteristics (food-related behaviours; price sensitivity; food decision styles; social cognitive factors; self-control) and grocery shopping characteristics (time spent in the supermarket; moment of the day; average supermarket visits; shopping at other retailers; supermarket proximity) were self-reported at baseline. These characteristics were tested for their moderating effects of the intervention on diet quality (scored 0–150) in linear mixed models.ResultsWe included 162 participants from intervention supermarkets and 199 from control supermarkets (73% female, 58 (± 10.8) years old, 42% highly educated). The interventions had no overall effect on diet quality. Only five out of 23 potential moderators were statistically significant. Yet, stratified analyses of these significant moderators showed no significant effects on diet quality for one of the subgroups and statistically non-significant negative effects for the other. Negative effects were suggested for individuals with lower baseline levels of meal planning (β − 2.6, 95% CI − 5.9; 0.8), healthy shopping convenience (β − 3.0, 95% CI − 7.2; 1.3), and healthy food attractiveness (β − 3.5, 95% CI − 8.3; 1.3), and with higher levels of price consciousness (β − 2.6, 95% CI − 6.2; 1.0) and weekly supermarket visits (β − 2.4, 95% CI − 6.8; 1.9).ConclusionsAdults with varying psychological and grocery shopping characteristics largely seem equally (un)susceptible to nudging and pricing strategies. It might be that certain characteristics lead to adverse effects, but this is not plausible, and the observed negative effects were small and statistically non-significant and may be explained by chance findings. Verification of these findings is needed in real-world trials based on larger sample sizes and with the use of more comprehensive interventions.Trial registrationDutch Trial Register ID NL7064, 30th of May, 2018, https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/20990

Hydraulic characterization of a hybrid aerated vertical and horizontal treatment wetland

Characterizing the performance of any treatment wetland (TW) system requires a fundamental understanding of the hydraulic behavior of the system. In aerated treatment, the air supply increases complexity, and the internal behavior of TWs can vary according to the adopted aeration strategy. Understanding these changes can provide insights into an optimized operation for aerated TWs. In this sense, the present work characterizes the hydraulics of a hybrid vertical and horizontal aerated TW through parallel tracer testing under different aeration strategies (varying aeration duration and aeration between the different compartments). The tracer test was conducted using amino-G acid and salt on a pilot scale system and measured at the outlet and inside the system. These results are subsequently compared to a full-scale system of a similar design to assess the validity of the results on a larger scale. The results allowed a characterization of actual retention time, the estimated number of tanks-in-series (NTIS), the volume of dead zones, and the identification of the hydraulic behavior under different aeration conditions. The results indicated that decreasing aeration duration led to more heterogeneity within the filter, the aeration on the primary filter plays an important role in mixing, and the pilot scale results can be upscaled for a larger scale. It also highlighted the impact of aeration in the different compartments of this hybrid aerated wetland system, which can contribute to an accurate characterization of specific pollutant removal kinetics.

A comparative study of AI-human-made and human-made test forms for a university TESOL theory course

This study examines the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) in creating parallel test items compared to human-made ones. Two test forms were developed: one consisting of 20 existing human-made items and another with 20 new items generated with ChatGPT assistance. Expert reviews confirmed the content parallelism of the two test forms. Forty-three university students then completed the 40 test items presented randomly from both forms on a final test. Statistical analyses of student performance indicated comparability between the AI-human-made and human-made test forms. Despite limitations such as sample size and reliance on classical test theory (CTT), the findings suggest ChatGPT’s potential to assist teachers in test item creation, reducing workload and saving time. These results highlight ChatGPT’s value in educational assessment and emphasize the need for further research and development in this area.

A comparison of vintage and modern X65 pipeline steel using hollow specimen technique for in-situ hydrogen testing

The transition toward a hydrogen-based economy requires a widespread transport and distribution network, and repurposed natural gas pipelines are a viable option. An assessment of the hydrogen-induced degradation of pipeline steels is needed to inject H2 gas into the existing infrastructure safely. The conservative and standardized method consists of in-situ tensile tests in an autoclave filled with high-pressure hydrogen gas. A proposed alternative method involves using a hollow specimen as containment volume and applying the gas pressure in the inner cavity. This technique has lower costs and shorter test preparation time but is not standardized yet. This study aims to evaluate and compare the tensile properties of API 5L X65 pipeline steel in two states: vintage and modern. The influence of the surface roughness is investigated through parallel tests with drilled and reamed specimens. Hydrogen tests are compared with reference tests in an inert environment. A significant hydrogen-induced decrease in tensile properties is observed, and no significant difference between vintage and modern X65 can be drawn. The reduction in tensile properties is more significant in specimens with higher inner surface roughness. The evaluation of surface conditions appears crucial when assessing the HE susceptibility of hydrogen transport and storage equipment.

Technology Enabled Remote Monitoring in Schools(TERMS): A Case Study Series Using Parallel Testing in Clinical Settings and School Workshops

Technology Enabled Remote Monitoring in Schools(TERMS): A Case Study Series Using Parallel Testing in Clinical Settings and School Workshops

In vitro Antibacterial Effect Study of Plasma-Activated Saline on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of plasma-activated saline (PAS) on My-cobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We conducted a growth assay on 3 strains of Mtb and an antibiotic sensitivity test on 4 strains of Mtb. Both tests included groups treated with normal saline (NS), PAS, and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The test of antibiotic sensitivity consisted of parallel tests with two concentrations of bacteria suspension: 10-2 and 10-4. The selected antibiotics were rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (SM). The number of bacteria was determined after one month of culture under different conditions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in grouping factors at representative time points. The growth assay indicated that PAS significantly inhibited the growth of 3 strains of Mtb compared with NS and HCl treatment groups. Furthermore, except for the initial observation time point, the remaining three observation time points consistently demonstrate no significant differences between the NS group and the HCl group. The antibiotic sensitivity test of INH, SM, and RIF indicated that PAS could inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant Mtb, and the antibiotic sensitivity test of INH and SM with bacterial suspension concentration of 10-2 and SM with bacterial suspension concentration of 10-4 showed statistically different results. The antibiotic sensitivity test of EMB indicated that the growth of Mtb in PAS was slower than that in NS and HCl in both antibiotic-resistant and sensitive Mtb, but there was no statistical difference. The study indicates that PAS contains a significant amount of active substances and exhibits high oxidizability and an acidic pH state. The unique physicochemical properties of PAS significantly delayed the growth of Mtb, compared to the NS and the HCl. PAS not only inhibited the growth of drug-sensitive strains but also significantly enhanced the sensitivity of drug-resistant strains to anti-tuberculosis drugs, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tuberculosis.

How does the construction of climate adaptive cities enhance climate resilience?

Promoting policies that facilitate urban adaptation to climate extremes is of global concern. Globally, cities have attempted to adjust to climate change in various ways. Using data from a panel of Chinese cities that have engaged in preliminary climate adaptation, this empirical study is based on an analysis of the effectiveness, heterogeneity and mechanisms of urban climate adaptive policy, mainly using the difference-in-difference (DID) method. The findings show that the preliminary policy significantly improves urban climate adaptation and enhanced climate resilience through pathways such as enhanced technological innovation, increased public participation in environmental issues, appropriate penalties for damage to the environment and lenient environmental regulation. The study also provides multiple tests to confirm whether, and at what level, the experimental policy has indeed been effective. The results show that parallel trend tests, counterfactual tests and random experiments all indicate that the climate adaptive urban project has been effective and robust. Further evidence that there are notable differences in the policy’s effects across eastern, central, and western China comes from the heterogeneity test results. The interaction effect based on the economic growth level demonstrates that the impact of policy execution varies significantly with economic development level. The findings provide useful policy insights into ways to leverage the effects of policies in the face of extreme climate events and to enhance global resilience to extreme climate risks across the world.

Test Maturity Model integration (TMMi): Test Maturity in the Financial Domain

Software quality is of utmost importance to the financial sector. Software testing plays a critical role in achieving software product quality. Financial institutions benefit from rigorous testing by having confidence in the reliability and performance of the software. This can lead to improved customer experience, increased operational efficiency, and reduced risks of system failures or security breaches. A questionnaire-based survey was designed and subsequently an international survey was conducted involving sixty financial institutions, e.g., banking, insurance companies and pension funds, from across the globe to understand their level of test maturity. As a reference framework against which to measure their test maturity, the Test Maturity Model integration (TMMi) was used. In this paper their motivations for doing test process improvement and the benefits they achieved are discussed. Concrete examples of the benefits achieved are provided. The role of test automation with test process improvement at the financial institutions is also reported upon in this paper. The most common level of test maturity achieved, measured against the TMMi, is TMMi level 3 “Defined” which represents a more than average level of test maturity. Benefits are reported by the financial institutions, especially in the areas of software quality and testing productivity. The benefits achieved show a high level of correlation with the motivations for investing in test process improvement. Almost all of financial institutions also use test automation to improve their testing in parallel with process improvement, with test automation at system level being by far the most popular.

Measurement of Elastic Bi-modulus of Rock-type Materials: Insight from comparative and parallel tests

Measurement of Elastic Bi-modulus of Rock-type Materials: Insight from comparative and parallel tests

Diagnosing periprosthetic hip joint infection with new-generation 0.55 T MRI

PurposeTo assess the accuracy of 0.55 T MRI in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients with symptomatic total hip arthroplasty (THA). Material and methods0.55 T MRI of patients with THA PJI (Group A) and noninfected THA (Group B), including aseptic loosening (Group C, subgroup of B) performed between May 2021 and July 2023 were analysed retrospectively.Two musculoskeletal fellowship-trained radiologists independently identified MRI bone and soft tissue changes including: marrow oedema, periosteal reaction, osteolysis, joint effusion, capsule oedema and thickening, fluid collections, muscle oedema, bursitis, inguinal adenopathy, and muscle tears. The diagnostic performance of MRI discriminators of PJI was evaluated using Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05) and interrater reliability was determined. 61 MRI scans from 60 THA patients (34 female, median age 68, range 41–93 years) in Group A (n = 9; female 4; median age 69, range 56–82 years), B (n = 51; 30; 67.5, 41–93 years), and C (10; 6; 67; 41–82 years) were included. ResultsCapsule oedema (sensitivity 89 %, specificity 92 %,), intramuscular oedema (89 %, 82 %) and joint effusion (89 %, 73 %) were the best performing discriminators for PJI diagnosis (p ≤ 0.001), when viewed individually and had combined 70 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for PJI diagnosis in parallel testing. For the differentiation between PJI and aseptic loosening, intramuscular oedema (89 %, 80 %) and capsule oedema (89 %, 80 %) were significant discriminators (p ≤ 0.001) with combined 64 % sensitivity and 96 % specificity for PJI. ConclusionsNew generation 0.55 T MRI may aid in the detection of PJI in symptomatic patients. Oedema of the joint capsule, adjacent muscles as well as joint effusion were indicative of the presence of PJI.

Mechanical properties of multi-bolted Glulam connection with slotted-in steel plates

The Bolted Glulam Connection with Slotted-in Steel Plates (BGCSSP) is widely employed in modern timber structures due to its advantages of convenient installation and reliable force transmission. However, the current design methods lack rigorous mechanical derivation and fail to consider various influencing factors comprehensively. Furthermore, designing multiple dowel connections based on the behavior of individual dowels impedes optimization and limits the applicability of design rules. To systematically investigate the failure modes and mechanical characteristics of Multi-bolted Glulam Connection with Slotted-in Steel Plates (MGCSSP), specimens from 12 groups (6 specimens per group) were subjected to parallel grain tensile tests, considering four key influencing factors: bolt quantity, bolt arrangement, bolt diameter, and base material thickness. The experimental results indicate that as the number of bolts increases, the failure transitions from double-hinge failure to single-hinge failure. Additionally, there is an observable upward trend in both initial stiffness and peak load for the same type of specimen as the quantity of bolts increases, accompanied by a decreasing trend in the ductility coefficient. The analysis of experimental results reveals that both the quantity and diameter of bolts impact the initial stiffness and peak load of MGCSSP specimens. Based on experimental observations, dual-parameter calculation models for the initial stiffness and peak load of MGCSSP are proposed. The calculated results of the models align well with experimental data, providing references and convenience for the design of MGCSSP.

Efficient Parallel FDTD Method Based on Non-Uniform Conformal Mesh

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a versatile electromagnetic simulation technique, widely used for solving various broadband problems. However, when dealing with complex structures and large dimensions, especially when applying perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundaries, tremendous computational burdens will occur. To reduce the computational time and memory, this paper presents a Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallel scheme based on non-uniform conformal FDTD, which is suitable for convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing boundaries, and adopts a domain decomposition approach, dividing the entire computational domain into several subdomains. More importantly, only one magnetic field exchange is required during the iterations, and the electric field update is divided into internal and external parts, facilitating the synchronous communication of magnetic fields between adjacent subdomains and internal electric field updates. Finally, unmanned helicopters, helical antennas, 100-period folded waveguides, and 16 × 16 phased array antennas are designed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. Moreover, we conducted parallel tests on a supercomputing platform, showing its satisfactory reduction in computational time and excellent parallel efficiency.

Dynamic microphysiological system chip platform for high-throughput, customizable, and multi-dimensional drug screening

Spheroids and organoids have attracted significant attention as innovative models for disease modeling and drug screening. By employing diverse types of spheroids or organoids, it is feasible to establish microphysiological systems that enhance the precision of disease modeling and offer more dependable and comprehensive drug screening. High-throughput microphysiological systems that support optional, parallel testing of multiple drugs have promising applications in personalized medical treatment and drug research. However, establishing such a system is highly challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. This study introduces a dynamic Microphysiological System Chip Platform (MSCP) with multiple functional microstructures that encompass the mentioned advantages. We developed a high-throughput lung cancer spheroids model and an intestine-liver-heart-lung cancer microphysiological system for conducting parallel testing on four anti-lung cancer drugs, demonstrating the feasibility of the MSCP. This microphysiological system combines microscale and macroscale biomimetics to enable a comprehensive assessment of drug efficacy and side effects. Moreover, the microphysiological system enables evaluation of the real pharmacological effect of drug molecules reaching the target lesion after absorption by normal organs through fluid-based physiological communication. The MSCP could serves as a valuable platform for microphysiological system research, making significant contributions to disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medical treatment.

CRISPR-Based Modular Assembly for High-Throughput Construction of a UAS-cDNA/ORF Plasmid Library.

Functional genomics screening offers a powerful approach to probe gene function and relies on the construction of genome-wide plasmid libraries. Conventional approaches for plasmid library construction are time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, we recently developed a simple and efficient method, CRISPR-based modular assembly (CRISPRmass), for high-throughput construction of a genome-wide upstream activating sequence-complementary DNA/open reading frame (UAS-cDNA/ORF) plasmid library. Here, we present a protocol for CRISPRmass, taking as an example the construction of a GAL4/UAS-based UAS-cDNA/ORF plasmid library. The protocol includes massively parallel two-step test tube reactions followed by bacterial transformation. The first step is to linearize the existing complementary DNA (cDNA) or open reading frame (ORF) cDNA or ORF library plasmids by cutting the shared upstream vector sequences adjacent to the 5' end of cDNAs or ORFs using CRISPR/Cas9 together with single guide RNA (sgRNA), and the second step is to insert a UAS module into the linearized cDNA or ORF plasmids using a single step reaction. CRISPRmass allows the simple, fast, efficient, and cost-effective construction of various plasmid libraries. The UAS-cDNA/ORF plasmid library can be utilized for gain-of-function screening in cultured cells and for constructing a genome-wide transgenic UAS-cDNA/ORF library in Drosophila.

Can broadband infrastructure construction promote equality of opportunity? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

This study considers the impact of broadband infrastructure construction on household inequality of opportunity. Based on the "circumstance-effort" framework, we estimate the inequality of opportunity index, and we utilize China's household survey data. To identify this effect, we consider the construction of "Broadband China" demonstration cities, and we apply the difference-in-differences method; thus, we observe that broadband infrastructure can promote the equality of opportunity, and with respect to a series of robustness tests (e.g., parallel trend tests and instrumental variable estimation), the conclusion is robust. Furthermore, we observed that by increasing the intergenerational mobility of education for individuals with lower parental education background and by narrowing the gender wage gap, the deployment of broadband infrastructure reduces the opportunity inequality that is occasioned by parental education background and gender.

Green Bond Issuance and Corporate Investment and Financing Level: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

After the formation of the Chinese green bond market in 2016, it rapidly developed. However, there have been relatively few studies in academia on the financial performance of enterprises after issuing green bonds. In order to promote the development of the green bond market and guide enterprises to improve their investment and financing decisions, this paper uses panel data of A-share listed companies and green bond issuing companies from 2012 to 2022 as samples to study the impact and mechanism of green bond issuance on the investment and financing behavior and maturity mismatch of enterprises. The conclusion drawn is that green bond issuance significantly promotes the improvement of enterprises' investment and financing capabilities, and it also reduces the degree of maturity mismatch for enterprises. This conclusion passes the parallel trends test and remains robust after controlling for the effects of corporate financial asset allocation, industry time trends, and excluding competitive hypotheses. Through mechanism research, it is found that green bonds can improve the level of enterprise investment and financing and the degree of maturity mismatch by reducing the degree of financing constraints on enterprises. They can also enhance enterprise investment and financing capabilities by changing market sentiment and alleviate the maturity mismatch of investment and financing.

Insertional Achilles tendinopathy: A radiographic cross-sectional comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic heel of 71 patients

PurposeThis retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the standard radiographic indicators for Haglund's syndrome are applicable to insertional Achilles tendinopathy. MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy in one heel and experienced no pain in the other heel were enrolled in this study. Preoperative calibrated radiographs of the lateral view of the calcaneus were assessed using (1) calcaneal pitch angle, (2) Fowler-Phillip angle, (3) posterior calcaneal angle, (4) Chauveau-Liet angle, (5) X/Y ratio, (6) Haglund’s deformity height, (7) Haglund’s deformity peak angle, (8) calcification length, (9) calcification width, (10) parallel pitch test, and (11) presence of free body. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar’s test were used for statistical analyses. ResultsSeventy-one patients (52 males; mean age, 57.2; mean body mass index, 27.1) were included. Mean values for each index in the symptomatic and asymptomatic heels were as follows, respectively: (1) 23.5, 23.0 (p = 0.30); (2) 58.9, 57.8 (p < 0.05); (3) 7.6, 9.2 (p < 0.05); (4) 15.8, 13.9 (p < 0.05); (5) 2.8, 2.8 (p = 0.87); (6) 5.4, 5.0 (p < 0.05); (7) 99.6, 99.0 (p = 0.44); (8) 10.5, 7.6 (p < 0.001); and (9) 5.1, 4.4 (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve of significant indicators were as follows, respectively: (2) 0.78, 0.37, 0.55; (3) 0.45, 0.72, 0.58; (4) 0.63, 0.54, 0.57; (6) 0.45, 0.69, 0.59; (8) 0.48, 0.80, 0.66; and (9) 0.63, 0.54, 0.59. The presence of free body also showed a significant difference between both heels (p < 0.05). ConclusionSome radiographic indicators for Haglund's syndrome are applicable to the diagnosis of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. A comparison of the parameters of Haglund’s syndrome with those of insertional Achilles tendinopathy may illuminate the etiology and pathology of insertional Achilles tendinopathy and lead to novel treatments.

Heparin monitoring in ImpellaTM-supported cardiogenic shock patients: the benefit of parallel dual testing

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Flanders. Background Coagulopathic complications often jeopardize the outcome of critically ill patients in cardiogenic shock (CS) during percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS). Therefore, meticulous management of heparin therapy is mandatory to ensure appropriate anticoagulation management. In this context, the most convenient and most frequently used test is the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). However, the APTT-test can be prolonged or shortened independent of the patient's anticoagulation status due to various confounding factors during critical illness (e.g., sepsis, liver failure, factor XI/XII consumption). Alternatively, the anti-Xa assay directly measures heparin activity. Therefore, to optimize heparin anticoagulation during critical illness, an anti-Xa-guided protocol for heparin titration combined with parallel APTT measurements to assess both bleeding and thrombotic risk has recently been proposed. (1) Purpose We aimed to investigate the correlation between parallel anti-Xa and APTT-measurements in an anti-Xa-guided heparin anticoagulated CS population during left-sided ImpellaTM support. Methods Between April-2017 and June-2022, all CS patients with isolated left-sided ImpellaTM-support (&amp;gt;24h) and heparin anticoagulation monitored by anti-Xa with APTT in parallel were assessed at two high-volume tertiary institutions. Anti-Xa was considered in range between 0.20-0.30IU/mL or 0.31-0.50IU/mL based on the patient’s profile (per center protocol, underlying atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism). In range APTT values were considered 40-55s and 55-80s respectively. Correlation between parallel anti-Xa and APTT values was assessed by Pearson correlation. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.7 or lower was considered to confer a weak correlation. Results Ninety-three ImpellaTM-patient runs (77 men, 83%) with a median age of 56 years (IQR 46-66) were analyzed. Median support duration was 6 days (IQR 4-12). In total, 2447 parallel anti-Xa/APTT samples were analyzed, showing an overall Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.50 (p&amp;lt;0.001) (Fig. 1A). For samples with in-range anti-Xa (N=1914), matching APPT was shortened in 460 (24%), in-range in 986 (52%) and prolonged in 468 (24%) samples (Fig. 1B). Conclusions We highlight a weak correlation between anti-Xa and APTT in an anti-Xa guided heparin anticoagulated CS population during left-sided ImpellaTM support. Heparin titration based on APTT alone would result in over- (24%) or undertitration (24%) in 48% of our cases, due to confounding factors influencing the APTT-assay in critically ill, exposing these patients to coagulopathy associated problems. Therefore, we strongly advocate a combined (anti-Xa/APTT) testing anticoagulation monitoring strategy to adequately manage the coagulation state of this critically ill population. Future trials will investigate whether this approach will effectively reduce the high coagulopathy associated morbidity and mortality on pMCS.

Can new urbanization pilot policies promote green technology innovation in cities: Empirical evidence from China.

The development of urbanization has brought new challenges to the ecological environment, and the promotion of green technology innovation and development is widely recognized as an essential method to achieve cities' economic benefits and environmental protection. This paper examines whether the new urbanization pilot policies (NUP) increase green technology innovation (GTI) from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. This paper examines the impact of new urbanization on GTI by analyzing data from 285 cities in China between 2010 and 2021, using the multi-period DID model with the implementation of NUP as an exogenous policy shock. The study results indicate that NUP significantly affects GTI, and the conclusion still holds after the parallel trend test, placebo test, and other robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the NUP significantly enhances GTI in low environmental pollution, non-resource-based, Medium-sized, and Central Region cities. The test of moderating effect shows that NUP has a "linkage effect" with the government's environmental attention, financial investment in innovation, and regional talent pooling. The findings of this paper provide empirical evidence and decision-making reference for promoting NUP and sustainable development of cities.