Parallel Plate Model Research Articles

Numerical study on the influence of dispersed bubbles on liquid‐phase apparent viscosity in two‐dimensional parallel plate

Bubbly liquid exists widely in industrial fields, so the detailed understanding of physical properties of bubbly liquid is significant for improving product quality and for strengthening industrial processes. In this paper, in order to understand the modulation mechanism of bubbles on the liquid‐phase apparent viscosity, based on the two‐dimensional parallel plate model, the effect of dispersed bubbles on the liquid‐phase apparent viscosity was deeply investigated with the volume of fluid (VOF) method combined with a dynamic mesh. The influence of the volume fraction, the capillary number, and the distance between bubbles on the liquid‐phase apparent viscosity was studied in detail for the dispersed bubbly liquid. The present studies show that both the capillary number and the volume fraction have a great effect on the liquid‐phase apparent viscosity; for the cases with the same volume fraction, the bubble injection causes the decrease of the relative viscosity of the liquid phase when the capillary number of bubbles is relatively large (Ca > 0.5), and the larger the volume fraction is, the more sharply the relative viscosity of the liquid phase decreases. However, under the same volume fraction, the relative viscosity of the liquid phase increases when the capillary number of bubbles is relatively small (Ca < 0.5), and the higher the volume fraction is, the more obviously the relative viscosity of the liquid phase increases. In addition, as the volume fraction increases, the bubble‐bubble interaction becomes very important, and the contribution of each bubble to the shear stress (i.e. the liquid apparent viscosity) decreases.

Effect of random fracture aperture on the transport of colloids in a coupled fracture-matrix system

A variable aperture model, including the random variation of fracture aperture as against the conventional parallel plate model, has been developed to adequately examine the transport of colloids/suspended particles in a single coupled fracturematrix system. Rather than relying on a complex geostatistical method for an accurate representation of fracture aperture, which requires an enormous field data and resource for its validation, a simple statistical method (linear congruential generator) is implemented in the present article. The random variation of fracture aperture is an honest representation of the unpredictable geometry/ morphology of fracture aperture in comparison with widely applied the conventional parallel plate model or the simple mathematical functions based on fractal theory (self-affine structures). A considerable number of parameters are involved in investigating the extent of penetration of colloids into the rock matrix, which creates complexity and ambiguity in the analysis. To overcome this problem, a single parameter “Maximum Penetration Factor” has been introduced for simple and reliable assessment of diffusion of colloids within the rock matrix. Additionally, a non-dimensional parameter ‘Matrix Mitigation Factor’ has been introduced in the present study, which can provide a means of evaluating the diffusion of suspended particles within the rock matrix when it comes to real time applications like microbial enhanced recovery (MEOR) and chemical enhanced recovery (CEOR) in the petroleum industry (nanoparticles and nanofluids). A semi-implicit finite difference model has been adopted for solving the coupled partial differential equations in the present numerical study. Finally, Neumann and Robinson boundary conditions as a function of time have been applied at the fracture inlet to better represent the field scenario as against the conventional constant source condition (Dirichlet). The model results indicate that there is a difference in concentration between the parallel plate model and random fracture model when it comes to colloidal concentration in the fracture and rock matrix. The variance in concentration is due to the inclusion of variation of the aperture in the variable aperture model, which is absent in the parallel plate model. Additionally, the results suggest that the variable source boundary condition has a significant influence on the transport of colloids in fracture-matrix system. Finally, from the evaluation of the extent of diffusion of colloids into rock matrix, it was concluded that that variable aperture model is associated with more mitigation of colloids compared to the parallel plate model, especially in the case of random fracture.

Two-phase flow properties in aperture-based fractures under normal deformation conditions: Analytical approach and numerical simulation

A systematic method has been proposed to estimate the two-phase flow properties of horizontal fractures under normal deformation condition. Based on Gaussian aperture distributions and the assumption of local parallel plate model, a simple model was obtained in closed form to predict the capillary pressure-saturation relationships for both wetting and non-wetting phases. Three conceptual models were also developed to characterize the relative permeability behaviors. In order to investigate the effect of normal deformation on two-phase flow properties, the normal deformation could be represented with the maximum void space closure on the basis of penetration model. A rigorous successive random addition (SRA) method was used to generate the aperture-based fractures and a numerical approach based on invasion percolation (IP) model was employed to model capillary-dominated displacements between wetting and non-wetting phases. The proposed models were partially verified by a laboratory dataset and numerical calculations without consideration of deformation. Under large normal deformations, it was found that the macroscopic model is in better agreement with simulated observations. The simulation results demonstrated that the two-phase flow properties including the relationships between capillary pressure, relative permeability and saturation, phase interference, phase structures, residual-saturation-rated parameters and tortuosity factor, were highly sensitive to the spatial correlation of aperture distribution and normal deformation.

FracPaQ: A MATLAB™ toolbox for the quantification of fracture patterns

The patterns of fractures in deformed rocks are rarely uniform or random. Fracture orientations, sizes, and spatial distributions often exhibit some kind of order. In detail, relationships may exist among the different fracture attributes, e.g. small fractures dominated by one orientation, larger fractures by another. These relationships are important because the mechanical (e.g. strength, anisotropy) and transport (e.g. fluids, heat) properties of rock depend on these fracture attributes and patterns. This paper describes FracPaQ, a new open source, cross-platform toolbox to quantify fracture patterns, including distributions in fracture attributes and their spatial variation.Software has been developed to quantify fracture patterns from 2-D digital images, such as thin section micrographs, geological maps, outcrop or aerial photographs or satellite images. The toolbox comprises a suite of MATLAB™ scripts based on previously published quantitative methods for the analysis of fracture attributes: orientations, lengths, intensity, density and connectivity. An estimate of permeability in 2-D is made using a parallel plate model. The software provides an objective and consistent methodology for quantifying fracture patterns and their variations in 2-D across a wide range of length scales, rock types and tectonic settings. The implemented methods presented are inherently scale independent, and a key task where applicable is analysing and integrating quantitative fracture pattern data from micro-to macro-scales. The toolbox was developed in MATLAB™ and the source code is publicly available on GitHub™ and the Mathworks™ FileExchange. The code runs on any computer with MATLAB installed, including PCs with Microsoft Windows, Apple Macs with Mac OS X, and machines running different flavours of Linux. The application, source code and sample input files are available in open repositories in the hope that other developers and researchers will optimise and extend the functionality for the benefit of the wider community.

In Vitro Study of a Superhydrophilic Thin Film Nitinol Endograft that is Electrostatically Endothelialized in the Catheter Prior to the Endovascular Procedure.

Electrostatic endothelial cell seeding has evolved as an exceptional technique to improve the efficiency of cell seeding in terms of frequency of attached cells and the amount of cell adhesion for the treatment of vascular diseases. In the recent times, both untreated and superhydrophilic thin film nitinol (TFN) have exhibited strong prospects as substrates for creation of small-diameter endovascular grafts due to their hallmark properties of superelasticity, ultra low-profile character, and grown hemocompatible oxide layer with the presence of a uniform endothelial layer on the surface. The purpose of the current study is to understand the effects of endothelial cell seeding parameters (i.e., applied voltage, incubation time, substrate chemistry, and cell suspension solution) to investigate the cell seeding phenomenon and to improve the cell adhesion and growth on the TFN surface under electrostatic transplantation. Both parallel plate and cylindrical capacitor models were used along with the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) methods to design in vitro test parameters. A novel in vitro system for a cylindrical capacitor model was created using a micro flow pump, micro incubation system, and silicone tubings. The augmented endothelialization on thin film nitinol was developed to determine the effect of cell seeding and deployed in a 6 Fr intravascular catheter setup. Cell viability along with morphology and proliferation of adhered cells were evaluated using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that the maximum number of cells attached on STFN in the catheter was observed in 5 V with the 2 h exposure of in the cell culture medium (CCM) solution. The condition showed 5 V voltage with 0.68 × 10−6 µC electrostatic charge and 5.11 V·mm−1 electric field. Our findings have first demonstrated that the electrostatic endothelialization on the superhydrophilic thin film nitinol endograft within the catheter prior to the endovascular procedure could enhance the biocompatibility for low-profile endovascular applications.

On the cubic law and variably saturated flow through discrete open rough-walled discontinuities

Fracture flow is fairly well documented with the widespread application of, for instance, the cubic law and assumed smooth parallel plate model. Geometrical intricacies such as aperture, roughness and infill do however significantly influence the validity of the cubic law with even its application to smooth parallel systems being contestable. Rock mechanical discontinuity surveys provide valuable information regarding the discontinuity geometry that can likely contribute to the evaluation of flow through individual fractures with variable properties. The hydraulic aperture is available for the transmission of flow, while normal and shear stresses alter discontinuity properties over time. In this, numerous advances have been made to better accommodate deviations of natural discontinuity geometry to that of smooth parallel plates and at partial saturation. The paper addresses these advances and details conditions under which the cubic law, even in local form, fails to adequately estimate the hydraulic properties. The role of roughness in open discontinuities is addressed in particular, as contact areas and high amplitude roughness cause most extensive deviation from the cubic law. Aperture of open fractures still governs hydraulic properties, but inertial forces control flow in very rough fractures, in which instances the applicability of the cubic law should be revisited. Open questions are finally posed, assessment of which will contribute significantly to the understanding of flow through individual discontinuities as well as fracture networks.

Heat as a tracer for understanding transport processes in fractured media: Theory and field assessment from multiscale thermal push‐pull tracer tests

AbstractThe characterization and modeling of heat transfer in fractured media is particularly challenging as the existence of fractures at multiple scales induces highly localized flow patterns. From a theoretical and numerical analysis of heat transfer in simple conceptual models of fractured media, we show that flow channeling has a significant effect on the scaling of heat recovery in both space and time. The late time tailing of heat recovery under channeled flow is shown to diverge from the behavior expected for the classical parallel plate model and follow the scaling for a simple channel modeled as a tube. This scaling, which differs significantly from known scalings in mobile‐immobile systems, is of purely geometrical origin: late time heat transfer from the matrix to a channel corresponds dimensionally to a radial diffusion process, while heat transfer from the matrix to a plate may be considered as a one‐dimensional process. This phenomenon is also manifested on the spatial scaling of heat recovery as flow channeling affects the decay of the thermal breakthrough peak amplitude and the increase of the peak time with scale. These findings are supported by the results of a field experimental campaign performed on the fractured rock site of Ploemeur. The scaling of heat recovery in time and space, measured from thermal breakthrough curves measured through a series of push‐pull tests at different scales, shows a clear signature of flow channeling. The whole data set can thus be successfully represented by a multichannel model parametrized by the mean channel density and aperture. These findings, which bring new insights on the effect of flow channeling on heat transfer in fractured rocks, show how heat recovery in geothermal tests may be controlled by fracture geometry. In addition, this highlights the interest of thermal push‐pull tests as a complement to solute tracers tests to infer fracture aperture and geometry.

Normal Deformation and Formation of Contacts in Rough Rock Fractures and Their Influence on Fluid Flow

AbstractRock fracture flow was initially modeled according to the parallel plate model, which does not consider the undulating nature of fracture surfaces. The conventional parallel plate model or cubic formula was later modified to obtain precise predictions by considering the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) of the fracture walls. However, the real flow characteristics through a relatively long rough rock joint can still be modeled accurately via a two-dimensional analysis, which enables the spatial irregularity of rock fracture apertures to be considered with the fracture contacts, which act as obstacles to the flow. In this study, a new two-dimensional flow model for deformable fracture walls to predict the volumetric flow changes that result from effective normal stress fluctuations is proposed. This model was solved using the finite-volume method via a new program developed by the authors. It captures the existing contacts and newly formed contacts that occur while fracture aperture deformations ta...

High and rapid alkali cation storage in ultramicroporous carbonaceous materials

To achieve better supercapacitor performance, efforts have focused on increasing the specific surface area of electrode materials to obtain higher energy and power density. The control of pores in these materials is one of the most effective ways to increase the surface area. However, when the size of pores decreases to a sub-nanometer regime, it becomes difficult to apply the conventional parallel-plate capacitor model because the charge separation distance (d-value) of the electrical double layer has a similar length scale. In this study, ultramicroporous carbonaceous materials (UCMs) containing sub-nanometer-scale pores are fabricated using a simple in situ carbonization/activation of cellulose-based compounds containing potassium. The results show that alkali cations act as charge carriers in the ultramicropores (<0.7 nm), and these materials can deliver high capacitances of ∼300 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 130 F g−1, even at a high current rate of 65 A g−1 in an aqueous medium. In addition, the UCM-based symmetric supercapacitors are stable over 10,000 cycles and have a high energy and power densities of 8.4 Wh kg−1 and 15,000 W kg−1, respectively. This study provides a better understanding of the effects of ultramicropores in alkali cation storage.

Geometrical description and permeability calculation about shale tensile micro-fractures

Abstract To study fluid flow in shale tensile micro-fractures, five shale core samples, taken from Barnnet Shale, were splitted into artificial tensile fractures based on Brazilian test. The morphology of the artificial fractures was obtained by a 3-D laser sensor profilometer. Then, 3-D information was transformed into 2-D information and the quantitative parameters, such as tortuosity, surface angularity and roughness, were calculated based on the scanning principle. Cluster analysis was introduced to make sure the distance among the parameters, the fluid flow in shale micro-fractures with the opening of 0.05−0.40 mm was simulated by Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), and an equation was derived for calculating the shale tensile micro-fracture permeability. The results show that, the tortuosity of the samples is close to 1.10, the angularity is among 0.99°–8.86°, and the roughness is among 0.062−0.162 mm; the parameters cannot be substituted by one another and their effects should be considered at the same time; the micro-fracture permeability is less 19%−29% than the parallel plate model permeability, so the roughness should be included. It is verified that the deviation of the equation is less than 4%, and it can be used to calculate shale tensile micro-fracture permeability.

Van der Waals force-induced crack healing in dry rough interfaces

Spontaneous crack healing due to van der Waals forces is an important phenomenon in diverse areas such as precision assembly, locomotion, soft robotics, and micro- and nanomachines. For rough surfaces that can be described as a collection of asperities, parallel plate models are used to gain insight into the adhesion values. A single adhesion value is then found for a given surface description. However, experiments reveal a range of values. Here, implementing a simple beam model to gain physical insight, we show that an important contribution to the range can be due to the placement of asperities relative to the crack tip. For example, tall asperities far from the crack tip resist crack healing if they contact the substrate, but promote healing if not in contact with it. Due to this effect, the beam model predicts a range of values that is significant compared with the observed experiment variation. Furthermore, as the crack approaches mechanical equilibrium, the resisting action tends to dominate over the healing action, and the beam model predicts a lower adhesion value than the parallel plate model. These effects will be greatest in the case where the elasticity (Tabor) parameter is small.

Effect of transverse forces on velocity of nanoparticles through a single fracture in a fractured petroleum reservoir

The present experimental and numerical study aims to study the effect of transverse forces on the velocity of nanoparticles through a single fracture. The velocity of nanoparticles is computed with the effect of van der Waals and gravity force through a single fracture based on the parallel plate model for a fixed half fracture aperture and temperature, a selected nanofluid (type of nanoparticles and dispersing medium) over a range of particles sizes. Particle size limit is identified as the particle size beyond which the nanoparticles have negligible velocity through the fracture. Effect of half fracture aperture and temperature on particle size limit is studied. Finally, the numerical model is applied to experimental data obtained for a range of silane coated silica and alumina nanofluids prepared in distilled water and formation water of an Indian carbonate reservoir to screen the nanofluids for flooding applications. [Received: July 31, 2014; Accepted: March 2, 2015]

A concave-patterned TiN/PECVD-Si3N4 /TiN diaphragm MEMS acoustic sensor based on a polyimide sacrificial layer

In this paper, we present a concave-patterned TiN/PECVD-Si3N4 /TiN diaphragm micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) acoustic sensor based on a polyimide sacrificial layer. The use of the spin-coated polyimide eliminates the additional Al pad process of conventional device fabrication due to simple O2 ashing to release the sacrificial layer, simplifying the photolithography process. Also, to adjust the acoustic sensor for a bottom-ported package, its diaphragm was implemented to be placed over the back-plate. The TiN/PECVD-Si3N4/TiN multi-layer diaphragm was formed with the stress controllability of PECVD-Si3N4 from −162 MPa to +109 MPa. Furthermore, a parallel-plate capacitance model on the basis of an approximately linearized electric field method (ALEM) is proposed to evaluate the capacitance of two plates. The modelled capacitance showed less than 3.7% error in FEM simulation, demonstrating the validity of the proposed model. At a zero-bias voltage, the effective intrinsic and parasitic capacitances in the active area were 1.656 pF and 0.388 pF, respectively. Moreover, with a pull-in analytical model by using ALEM, the effective tensile stress for the diaphragm was extracted to +31.5 MPa, where the pull-in voltage was 10.7 V. In succession, the dynamic response for the open-circuit sensitivity was modelled with an equivalent circuit model based on lumped parameters. The measured open-circuit sensitivity of −45.1 dBV Pa−1 at 1 kHz with a bias of 9.6 V was only slightly different from the modelled sensitivity of −45.0 dBV Pa−1. Thus, these results demonstrate that the proposed sensor is suitable for a front-end voice capture module.

Numerical modeling of two species radionuclide transport in a single fracturematrix system with variable fracture aperture

A variable aperture model, instead of a conventional parallel plate model, is utilized to study the transport of radionuclides in a single coupled fracture-matrix system. A fully implicit finite difference model has been developed, which incorporates fracture aperture width variation in the numerical study of two species radionuclide transport. Two distinct geometric profiles namely, sinusoidal and logarithmic have been used to capture the variation of aperture width. The dependence of advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, linear sorption, and matrix diffusion on aperture width is considered in the analysis of radionuclides transport. Two species (parent and daughter) radioactive decay chain is also incorporated. There is a greater retardation of radionuclides in fracture for the variable aperture model than the parallel plate model. Sensitivity analysis on fracture surface sorption coefficient, longitudinal dispersivity, matrix porosity, and matrix diffusion coefficient shows that the conventional parallel plate model overestimate the radionuclide concentration in the fracture when compared to the variable aperture model.

Thermal front propagation in variable aperture fracture–matrix system: A numerical study

A numerical study on the effect of complex fracture aperture geometry on propagation of thermal front in a coupled single fracture–matrix system has been carried out. Sinusoidal and logarithmic functions have been used to capture the variation in fracture aperture. Modifications have been made to existing coupled partial differential governing equations to consider the variation of fracture aperture. Effect of temperature on the thermal and physical properties of rock have been incorporated. A fully implicit finite difference scheme has been used to discretize the coupled governing equations. Thermal convection, dispersion and conduction are the major transport processes within fracture, while conduction is the major transport process within rock matrix. The results suggest that variation of fracture aperture increases the heat transfer rate at the fracture–matrix interface. Sensitivity analysis on rock thermal conductivity and fracture aperture have been carried out. The results suggest that the heat transfer from rock matrix to fracture for the case of the parallel plate model is greatly dependent on the rock thermal conductivity (λ m) as compared to variable aperture model. Further, the thermal front propagation for both parallel plate model and variable aperture model is sensitive to changes in fracture aperture. The heat transfer rate at the interface is greater at smaller fracture apertures and decreases with increase in aperture.

Effect of nonlinear sorption on multispecies radionuclide transport in a coupled fracture-matrix system with variable fracture aperture: a numerical study

A one-dimensional numerical analysis on multispecies radionuclide transport in a single-horizontal coupled fracture-matrix system has been performed. Analysis considering linear and nonlinear adsorption cases with linear, Langmuir, and Freundlich adsorption models has been carried out. The results indicate that there is a significant change in the spatial distribution of radionuclides in a coupled fracture-matrix system when a nonlinear adsorption isotherm is considered as compared to the simplified linear sorption isotherm. Sensitivity analysis of Langmuir constant and Freundlich exponent has been performed, and the numerical results indicate that the behavior of radionuclide transport is strongly influenced by these nonlinear sorption isotherm parameters. In addition, an attempt has been made to consider the variation of fracture aperture thickness along its flow direction by introducing logarithmic distribution. A clear distinction in the spatial distribution of radionuclide concentration was observed when variable fracture aperture is considered as opposed to the conventional parallel plate model with a constant fracture aperture thickness. Further, the results suggest that there is an enhanced retardation of radionuclides within the high permeable fracture with varying fracture aperture.

Prediction of Missouri S&T Reactor's natural convection with porous media approximation

The Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) is considering a power uprate of its 200kW research reactor (MSTR). To support this goal, preliminary CFD analysis was carried out to complement neutronics analysis on the current reactor. A three-dimensional parallel-plate model was developed using STAR-CCM+ v 8.04, and steady-state simulations for fluid flow under natural convection were performed. Cosine-shaped heat flux as a function of reactor power was applied on fuel plates. Temperature field in the hot channel were calculated at 200kW, 100kW, 60kW and 20kW power levels, and the resulting temperature profiles described the heat flow from the fuel plates into the surrounding water coolant/moderator. To model the entire reactor, porous media approximation at the core was applied to reduce the computation cost. Using CFD simulation for four power levels, the inertial resistance tensor and viscous resistance tensor were found to be 281,005kg/m4 and 7121.6kg/m3 respectively. Subsequently, the parallel-plate section was replaced with a porous section. The pressure drop within the channel for both cases was found to be within 10% of each other. For the investigation of the heat flow in the MSTR pool, a porous region core was defined by both resistance tensors and porosity of 0.7027. A section of MSTR with 3 fuel elements and a power density of 1.86E+6Wm−3 was modeled with one third of the reactor pool. Temperature measurements were made to validate the simulation results at 200kW. The average temperature difference between the measured values and the simulated results was 0.29K. The maximum difference between the simulation results and the measurements was observed to be less than 2K at 0.9m from the bottom of the core which is also 0.3m above the top of the fuel. After porous media model validation, flow field in the reactor pool were generated with the new active cooling system operated at 35% pumping capacity. These results will provide a framework for power uprate safety analysis.

Multipacting saturation in parallel plate and micro-pulse electron gun**Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2011CB808300) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (10935011)

A novel parallel plate model is proposed that divides the electron cloud into three parts at saturation, and it is studied in detail using both an analytical approach and particle-in-cell (PIC) code simulations. As one part of the electron cloud, ribbons modes are suggested by tracking the trajectory of individual particles, and the aim of this mode form is to simplify the progress of the multipacting effect in the parallel plate so as to be eliminated by optimizing RF parameters. The micro-pulse electron gun (MPG) has demonstrated the potential to address the need for high peak and average current electron beams, hence studying the multipacting in MPG is essential. On the basis of studying multipacting in the parallel plate, it is clear that increasing the cavity voltage is of interest in yielding high quality beams in the gun.

Two-phase flow properties of a horizontal fracture: The effect of aperture distribution

A systematic numerical method has been presented to investigate the constitutive relationships between two-phase flow properties of horizontal fractures and aperture distributions. Based on fractal geometry, single rough-walled fractures are generated numerically by modified successive random addition (SRA) method and then aperture distributions with truncated Gaussian distribution are formed by shear displacement between lower and upper surfaces. (The truncated Gaussian distribution is used to describe aperture evolution under different normal stresses.) According to the assumption of two-dimensional porous media and local parallel plate model, invasion percolation approach is employed to model the two-phase flow displacement (imbibition) in generated horizontal fractures, in which capillary forces are dominant over viscous and gravity forces. For truncated Gaussian distributions, constitutive relationships from numerical simulation are compared to closed-form relationships and a good agreement is obtained. The simulation results indicate strong phase interference with the sum of two phase relative permeability values being less than one in the intermediate saturations. It is found that fracture properties related to residual saturations depend on spatial correlation of aperture distributions. Based on the simulation results, we proposed an empirical relationship between the fracture residual-saturation-rated parameters and the corresponding aperture distributions.

EBG structure with T-shaped slits for suppression of simultaneous switching noise

In this article, electromagnetic band gap EBG structure with T-shaped slits is proposed for suppressing simultaneous switching noise. T-shaped slits, bridges, and the solid ground plane are used to constitute the novel L-EBG structure. Considering a threshold of -35 dB, the stopband of the proposed EBG structure is about 7.29 GHz which is 1.68 GHz wider than that of a conventional L-EBG structure. Measurement results confirm the wide bandwidth of the prototype that is predicted in simulations. In addition, the lower and upper cutoff frequencies are estimated by use of lumped-component circuit models and parallel-plate waveguide models, respectively. Moreover, the IR-drop and dc resistance are examined through simulations. Additionally, common signal integrity issues in a power distribution network such as IR-drop, DC resistance, and eye diagrams are investigated and compared to a conventional L-EBG structure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:419-426, 2015.