Parallel Multiple Mediator Model Research Articles

The transmission mechanism of the housing price fluctuations on the global value chain position of manufacturing-evidence from China.

Since the real estate market reform in 1998, China's house prices have been rising. High housing prices have exerted negative impacts on labour mobility, the investment environment and resident consumption, all of which may affect the overall resource allocation efficiency and the improvement of the global value chain position of China's manufacturing industry. However, there is little research on the mechanism of the impact of housing prices on the status of manufacturing global value chain. Based on the matching data of China and the OECD-TiVA from 2005 to 2016, the parallel multiple mediator model is adopted to empirically test the transmission mechanism of housing price fluctuation on the global value chain position of China's manufacturing industry in this study using human capital level, resident consumption level, resident consumption structure, and R&D investment level as the mediating variables. This article finds that although housing price fluctuations do not have a direct impact on the global value chain position of the manufacturing industry, human capital level and resident consumption structure do have positive and negative mediating effects, respectively. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to promote the global value chain position of China's manufacturing industry, which provides useful reference for policy makers.

Organizational Downsizing, Work Conditions, and Employee Outcomes: Identifying Targets for Workplace Intervention among Survivors.

This study broadly assesses the association of organizational downsizing to work conditions and employee outcomes, and the extent to which work conditions mediate the association of downsizing to employee outcomes, thereby serving as targets for workplace intervention to reduce the harmful effects of downsizing on surviving workers. The cross-sectional data came from a national probability sample of 2297 U.S. workers. A parallel multiple-mediator model with multiple outcomes was estimated, adjusting for personal, occupational, geographic, and temporal covariates. Exposure to downsizing was the predictor. A set of 12 work conditions, representing four dimensions of the work environment, served as simultaneous mediators (Work Role: work demands, role conflict, role ambiguity, and work autonomy; Interpersonal Relationships: supervisor aggression, coworker aggression, friendship formation, and dysfunctional leadership; Rewards: distributive justice and promotion opportunities; Security: job insecurity and employment insecurity). A set of 16 employee consequences, representing five categories of outcomes, served as simultaneous outcomes (Inability to Detach from Work: negative work rumination and inability to unwind after work; Energetic Resource Depletion: physical, mental, and emotional work fatigue; Negative Affect: depression, anxiety, and anger; Positive Affect: happiness, confidence, and vigor; Health: physical and mental health; Work Attitudes: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions). The results indicated that downsizing had an adverse association with nine of the 12 work conditions (higher levels of work demands, role conflict, supervisor aggression, dysfunctional leadership, job insecurity, and employment insecurity, and lower levels of friendship formation, distributive justice, and promotion opportunities) and all 16 employee outcomes. Moreover, the associations of downsizing to the employee outcomes were indirect, collectively mediated by the nine work conditions. This study provides the broadest evaluation of the deleterious effects of downsizing on U.S. workers surviving a downsizing, identifies affected work conditions that can serve as targets for workplace interventions, and provides insight into why organizational downsizing often fails to deliver anticipated financial and performance benefits to organizations. In terms of serving as targets for workplace intervention, some work conditions meditated the associations of downsizing to a broad set of employee outcomes, whereas other work conditions were specific to certain outcomes. The broad mediators should be targets of any intervention aimed at reducing the adverse effects of downsizing, with additional workplace targets depending on the class of outcomes to be addressed by the intervention.

The Gambling Consumption Mediation Model (GCMM): A Multiple Mediation Approach to Estimate the Association of Particular Game Types with Problem Gambling

Bivariate associations of problem gambling with participation in particular game types often decrease when adjusting for demographics or consumption behavior (e.g., number of game types played). A summary of 14 peer-reviewed studies showed inconsistencies as well as conceptual and methodological challenges. The aim of this study was to expand previous research by a combination of (1) sophisticated feature-engineering, which disaggregates gambling intensity into facets within and beyond a game type of interest, and (2) the application of mediation models. Data comprised last year gamblers of three merged cross sectional Icelandic gambling surveys of 2007, 2011, and 2017 (N = 4422). For each of 15 game types (12-month time frame), a parallel multiple mediation model was applied to disaggregate bivariate associations of last year game type participation and problem gambling (Problem Gambling Severity Index) by six mediating mechanisms: (1) demographic problem gambling propensity, (2) number of game types played, (3) gambling frequency within the type, (4) maximum gambling frequency across all types beyond, (5) usual spending within the type, (6) maximum usual spending across all types beyond. Games showed two distinct profiles via which mediator they mostly impacted problem gambling: Electronic gaming machines offline, scratch cards offline, live betting online, and poker offline as well as online impacted problem gambling mostly via gambling frequency within, whereas all other types mostly impacted via the number of game types played. The applied mediation models answer the question by which mechanism game types impact problem gambling in a more exhaustive way than previous research.

Trauma Exposure and Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Pregnant Women in Liberia.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global threat to women's health and may be elevated among those exposed to traumatic events in post-conflict settings, such as Liberia. The purpose of this study was to examine potential mediators between lifetime exposure to traumatic events (i.e., war-related trauma, community violence) with recent experiences of IPV among 183 young, pregnant women in Monrovia, Liberia. Hypothesized mediators included mental health (depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms), insecure attachment style (anxious and avoidant attachment), and attitudes indicative of norms of violence (attitudes justifying wife beating). We tested a parallel multiple mediation model using the PROCESS method with bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapping to test confidence intervals (CI). Results show that 45% of the sample had experienced any physical, sexual, or emotional IPV in their lifetime, and 32% in the 2 months prior to the interview. Exposure to traumatic events was positively associated with recent IPV severity (β = .40, p < .01). Taken together, depression, anxious attachment style, and justification of wife beating significantly mediated the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and experience of IPV (β = .15, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.31]). Only anxious attachment style (β = .07, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.16]) and justification of wife beating (β = .05, 95% CI = [0.01, 0.16]) were identified as individual mediators. This study reinforces pregnancy as an important window for both violence and mental health screening and intervention for young Liberian women. Furthermore, it adds to our theoretical understanding of mechanisms in which long-term exposure to traumatic events may lead to elevated rates of IPV in Liberia, and points to the need for trauma-informed counseling and multilevel gender transformative public health approaches to address violence against women.

Psychological processes underlying the impact of gender-related discrimination on psychological distress in transgender and gender nonconforming people.

In this study we combined understanding from the gender minority stress and resilience (GMSR) model (Testa, Habarth, Peta, Balsam, & Bockting, 2015) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999, 2012) to test a theoretically integrated and expansive account of the development of psychological distress in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. Specifically, we constructed a parallel multiple mediation model in which we examined the role of psychological processes deriving from the GMSR model (i.e., internalized transphobia and identity nondisclosure) and ACT (i.e., psychological inflexibility) in the relationship between gender-related discrimination and psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). We based this model upon data from a 2-wave longitudinal panel design in which 358 TGNC people living in England responded to a battery of measures on 2 occasions, 12 months apart (herein, Time 1 and Time 2). Initial tests of model fit and temporal invariance indicated that our proposed measurement model offered an excellent fit to the data and demonstrated equivalence of measurement across the two study timepoints. Autoregressive cross-lagged manifest path analysis indicated that while our hypothesized full structural model offered an excellent fit to the data, psychological inflexibility alone mediated the relationships between gender-related discrimination and depression, anxiety, and stress. Model comparison analysis confirmed the redundancy of internalized transphobia and identity nondisclosure as mediators and ruled out alternative patterns of causality. We discuss theoretical, empirical, and practical implications for the field of TGNC mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Pain-Specific Resilience in People Living With HIV and Chronic Pain: Beneficial Associations With Coping Strategies and Catastrophizing.

ObjectiveChronic pain is increasingly recognized as a common and disabling problem for people living with HIV (PLWH). In a recent systematic review of psychosocial factors associated with chronic pain in PLWH, it was reported that very few studies to date have examined protective psychological factors that might help mitigate chronic pain for PLWH. The current study examined pain-specific resilience in relation to clinical and experimental pain, as well as pain coping in PLWH and chronic pain. Pain-specific resilience specifically refers to the ability to maintain relatively stable, healthy levels of psychological and physical functioning in the face of ongoing and persistent pain.MethodsA total of 85 PLWH (mean CD4 = 643; 13% detectable viral load ≥200; 99% on antiretroviral therapy) who met criteria for chronic pain (>3 consecutive month’s duration) were enrolled. Medical records were reviewed to confirm clinical data. All participants provided sociodemographic information prior to completing the following validated measures: Pain Resilience Scale (PRS), Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised (CSQ-R), Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Brief Pain Inventory – Short Form (BPI-SF). They then completed a quantitative sensory testing battery designed to assess tolerance for painful heat and cold stimuli.ResultsIn adjusted multiple regression models controlling for covariates, greater pain-specific resilience was significantly associated with less pain interference (p = 0.022) on the BPI-SF, less pain catastrophizing (p = 0.002), greater use of distraction (p = 0.027) and coping self-statements (p = 0.039) on the CSQ-R, as well as significantly greater heat pain tolerance (p = 0.009). Finally, results of a parallel multiple mediation model demonstrated that the effect of pain-specific resilience on heat pain tolerance was indirectly transmitted through less pain catastrophizing (95% confidence interval:0.0042 to 0.0354), but not use of distraction (95% confidence interval: −0.0140 to 0.0137) or coping self-statements (95% confidence interval: −0.0075 to 0.0255).ConclusionThe findings suggest that pain-specific resilience may promote adaptation and positive coping in PLWH and chronic pain.

The Technological Advancement of New Products, Product Newness and Market Information

The purpose of this study is to propose product newness and obtaining market information as mediators of the relationship between the technological advancement of a new product and its commercial success. So far, little is known about the mediators of this relationship but knowledge about the factors that strengthen or weaken it is valid, both for the theory and practice of new product management. On the one hand, product newness – those elements that constitute its novelty to the company and to the market – is hypothesized as a factor that weakens the relationship while, on the other hand, obtaining market information – information gathered from customers, competitors and other sources – is expected to strengthen it. This research is based on data regarding 287 new products developed by Polish high-tech and medium high-tech companies. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to test the parallel multiple mediator model. The results of this research show that the positive effect of the technological advancement of a new product on its commercial performance is mediated, on the one hand, negatively by product newness to the company and, on the other hand, positively by gathering market information from customers. Neither product newness to the market nor obtaining market information from competitors or from other entities cause any indirect effects. While developing technologically advanced products, it is recommend to train new product development staff in ways of dealing with new tasks and situations that arise during such developments, and also to focus more on gathering market information from customers than from competitors or other entities because this will positively influence the new products’ success.

스포츠브랜드 콜라보레이션 제품특성과 지각된 가치 그리고 구매의도 간 병렬다중매개모형 분석

본 연구는 스포츠브랜드 콜라보레이션 제품특성과 지각된 가치 그리고 구매의도 간 병렬다중매개모형 분석을 통해 스포츠 브랜드 콜라보레이션의 효과적인 마케팅 전략수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 스포츠브랜드 콜라보레이션 제품 구매경험이 있는 20, 30대를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, SPSS 통계프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석, PROCESS macro를 사용한 병렬다중매개모형 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 제품특성(독창성, 심미성, 상징성, 희소성)이 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 있어 감정적 가치와 사회적 가치의 매개효과가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 통해 소비자의 감정적 가치와 사회적 가치를 향상시키기 위한 마케팅 전략으로 엔터테인먼트와 아티스트와의 콜라보레이션이 필요하며, 이를 통해 향후 스포츠브랜드 기업이 보다 효과적인 콜라보레이션 마케팅 전략을 세울 수 있기를 기대한다.

Inflammation and Stress Biomarkers Mediate the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Insulin Resistance among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes

Household food insecurity (HFI) is a stressor that is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little is known about HFI and the insulin resistance (IR) underlying T2D, and the mechanisms involved. We examined the cross-sectional association between HFI and IR among low-income Latinos with T2D and tested whether inflammation and stress hormones mediated this association. HFI was measured with the 6-item US Household Food Security Survey module. IR was calculated from fasting plasma blood glucose and serum insulin. Inflammation was indicated by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and stress hormones included urinary cortisol, metanephrine, and normetanephrine. To test for an indirect effect of HFI on homeostasis model assessment of IR, a parallel multiple mediation model was run with biological markers that significantly differed between food security status-entered as mediators in the model. We used 95% bias-corrected bootstrap CIs, with 10,000 bootstrap samples, to assess the significance of the indirect effects. The 121 participants with T2D were primarily Puerto Rican (85.8%), aged mean=60.7 y, and 74% were female. Eighty-two (68%) were classified as food insecure. Compared with food-secure individuals, food-insecure individuals had a significantly higher IR [mean difference (Δ)=7.21, P=0.001], insulin (Δ=9.7, P=0.019), glucose (Δ=41, P<0.001), hsCRP (Δ=0.8, P=0.008), cortisol (Δ=21, P=0.045), and total cholesterol (Δ=29, P=0.004). Groups did not differ on other lipids, metanephrine, normetanephrine, or A1c. The mediation model showed a significant direct effect of HFI on hsCRP (P=0.020) and on cortisol (P=0.011). There was a direct effect of cortisol (P=0.013), hsCRP (P=0.044), and HFI on IR (P=0.015). The total combined indirect effect of HFI through cortisol and hsCRP indicated partial mediation. Among Latinos with T2D, HFI is associated with IR partially through inflammation and stress hormones. Interventions to ameliorate HFI and mitigate its effects on inflammation, stress, and IR are warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01578096.

Inflammation and Stress Biomarkers Mediate the Relationship Between Household Food Insecurity and Insulin Resistance Among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes (OR02-02-19)

ObjectivesHousehold food insecurity (HFI) is a stressor that is associated with hyperglycemia type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little is known about HFI and the insulin resistance underlying hyperglycemia and T2D, and mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. We examined HFI and insulin resistance among low-income Latinos with T2D and tested whether inflammation and stress hormones mediated this relationship. MethodsThis study is cross-sectional. HFI was measured with the Spanish and English versions of the 6-item US Household Food Security Survey Module. Insulin resistance was calculated from fasting blood glucose and insulin. Inflammation was indicated by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and stress hormones included cortisol, metanephrine and normetanephrine. ResultsThe 121 participants were primarily Puerto Rican (85.8%), aged mean = 60.7 years and 74% were female. Eighty-two (68%) were classified as food insecure. Compared to food secure individuals, food insecure individuals had a significantly higher hsCRP (P = .008), cortisol (P = .045), insulin (P = .019), glucose (P < .001), insulin resistance (P = 001), and total cholesterol (P = .004). Groups did not differ on other lipids, metanephrine, normetanephrine, or A1c. A parallel multiple mediation model showed a significant direct effect of HFI on hsCRP (P = .020) and on cortisol (P = .011). There was a direct effect of cortisol (P = .013), hsCRP (P = .044) and HFI on insulin resistance (P = .015). The total combined indirect effect of food insecurity through cortisol and hsCRP was indicated partial mediation. ConclusionsAmong Latinos with T2D, HFI is associated with insulin resistance partially through inflammation and stress hormones. Interventions to ameliorate HFI and mitigate its effects on inflammation, stress, and insulin resistance is warranted. Funding SourcesSupported by the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD005879) to Drs. Rafael Pérez-Escamilla and Julie Wagner and the American Diabetes Association (7–13-TS-31) to Dr. Julie Wagner.

Relations between Stress and Quality of Life among Women in Late Pregnancy: The Parallel Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the parallel multiple mediators of depressive symptoms and sleep quality in the relations between stress and physical health-related quality of life (PHQOL)/mental health-related quality of life (MHQOL) among the women in late pregnancy. MethodsOf 1120 pregnant women participated in the cross-sectional study which consisted of Perceived Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and MOS 12-item Short Form Health Survey. Parallel multiple mediator models were used to analyze the relations between stress, depressive symptoms, sleep quality and PHQOL/MHQOL. ResultsThe effect of perceived stress on PHQOL was partially through the indirect path of sleep quality (β=-0.061). But in the model for MHQOL, depressive symptoms and sleep quality played parallel mediators, and the indirect path effect of depressive symptoms (β=-0.179) was higher than sleep quality (β=-0.029). ConclusionThe findings contributed to the understanding about the influential mechanism of stress on PHQOL/MHQOL. And it reminded the importance of sleep quality and depressive symptoms for improving QOL in late pregnancy.

Prevalence of and pathways to benzodiazepine use in Brazil: the role of depression, sleep, and sedentary lifestyle.

Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of benzodiazepine (BZD) use in Brazil and to investigate the direct and indirect effects of alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle (SL), depressive symptoms (DS), and sleep dissatisfaction (SD) on BZD use.Methods:The Second Brazilian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (II BNADS) used stratified cluster probabilistic sampling to select 4,607 individuals aged 14 years and older from the Brazilian household population.Results:The lifetime and 12-month prevalence of BZD use was 9.8 and 6.1%, respectively. Older participants (age 40 and older) and women had higher rates. Alcohol use disorder, DS, and SD were significantly more prevalent in BZD users. The parallel multiple mediator model showed a positive direct effect of alcohol consumption on BZD use, with significant positive indirect effects of SL, SD, and DS as simultaneous mediators leading to higher BZD intake. Other statistically significant indirect pathways were DS alone, SD alone, and all of the above except SL.Conclusion:The prevalence of BZD use in Brazil is high compared to that of other countries. Knowledge of the main risk factors and pathways to consumption can guide prevention initiatives and underlie the development of better tailored and effective treatment strategies.

Ownership and leadership in building an innovation culture

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test a culture-building model, CREATE, highlighting the central role of leadership in shaping the predictors of innovation culture. The authors hypothesize that leadership directly predicts innovation culture, as well, as indirectly impacts innovation culture through mediating variables. Also, the authors examine the impact of leadership on innovation by ownership type.Design/methodology/approachA total 631 survey responses were collected from employees of sole proprietorship, family-owned corporations, and non-family corporations. Parallel multiple mediator models were used to test the hypothesized relationships of the variables.FindingsThe findings show that a leadership variable, role modeling, and support for innovation, directly and indirectly predicts an innovation culture. However, it appears that in sole proprietorship and family-owned corporations, leaders impact on innovation culture are through mediating variables, while in non-family corporations, leaders influence innovation through strategy, evaluation, and rewards.Originality/valueThe study shows that the culture-building model, CREATE, can be used as a framework for building an innovation culture in organizations. The study also showed that leaders among sole proprietorships, family-owned corporations, and non-family corporations may need to employ different approaches in building an innovation culture in their organizations.

고교축구 지도자들의 카리스마적 리더십에 관한 병렬다중매개모형 분석

고교축구 지도자들의 카리스마적 리더십에 관한 병렬다중매개모형 분석

The Association Between Perceived Stress and Quality of Life in University Students: The Parallel Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms and Health-Promoting Behaviors

PurposeThis study examined whether depressive symptoms and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors mediate the association between perceived stress and quality of life (QoL) in university students. MethodsUsing a cross-sectional survey, Korean university students (N = 187, Mage = 23.97 years; 54.0% Woman) completed structured questionnaires with psychometric adequacy. A parallel multiple mediation model was used to test the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on the relationship between perceived stress and QoL. ResultsTotal effect of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors on QoL was −.55. Of these, total indirect mediating effect was −.50, whereas direct effect was only −.05 in the parallel mediation model. In particular, depressive symptoms (indirect effect = −.32) and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors (indirect effect = −.18) completely mediated the relationship between perceived stress and QoL. ConclusionThe results suggest that effective strategies primarily focusing on improving depressive symptoms along with health behaviors are needed to decrease the negative effect of perceived stress on QoL.

Excessive social networking sites use and online compulsive buying in young adults: the mediating role of money attitude

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of excessive use of social networking sites on online compulsive buying, and whether this effect is mediated by the dimensions of money attitude (i.e. power-prestige, distrust and anxiety) in young Malaysian adults.Design/methodology/approachA correlational cross-sectional, questionnaire-based design was adopted. A total of 1,155 university students completed an online survey. A parallel multiple mediator model was then developed and tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling.FindingsExcessive use of social media had a positive effect on money attitude dimensions and online compulsive buying. Also, power-prestige and anxiety dimensions of money attitude mediated the positive effect of excessive use of social networking sites on online compulsive buying.Practical implicationsSeveral implications for the parents of young adults, institutions of higher learning as well as banks that provide services to these youths have been suggested.Originality/valueLittle is known about the effect of excessive use of social media on compulsive online buying and the mechanisms behind it. This study contributes to the literature by testing the mediating role of money attitude in the effect of use of social networking sites on online compulsive buying.

Transmission of Service from Leader to Followers: A Parallel Multiple Mediator Model

We applied social learning theory and social exchange theory to examine a parallel multiple mediator model of how perceived servant leadership affects employee service performance. Data collected from 404 supervisor–subordinate dyads revealed that service climate (environmental factor) and the leader–member relationship (psychological factor) played a parallel mediation role in the relationship between servant leadership and employee service performance. Our findings expand both research on service objects and perspectives on service industries, and provide a new opportunity to clarify the essence of service behavior. The implications of these results and study limitations are discussed.

Relationship style and glycaemic control in women with type 2 diabetes: The mediating role of psychological distress.

This study examined whether depressive symptoms and/or diabetes distress mediate the association between relationship style and glycaemic control in women with diabetes. Seventy-five women with type 2 diabetes completed the Relationship Questionnaire. Participants endorsing "secure" or "preoccupied" adult attachment were combined into the interactive relationship style and "dismissing/avoidant" or "fearful" adult attachment were combined into the independent relationship style. Glycaemic control was a latent variable composed of A1c and 48-hr continuously measured glucose. Diabetes distress was assessed with the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale and depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. A parallel multiple mediation model with relationship style as the independent variable, glycaemic control as the dependent variable, and Problem Areas in Diabetes and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale as mediators, tested indirect effects. Bias-corrected bootstrap with 10,000 replications was used to construct 95% confidence intervals. The indirect association of relationship style with glycaemic control through diabetes distress was significant (effect=-0.09, p=.036, 95CI=-0.19-0.01), but through depressive symptoms was not. A model testing the indirect association of relationship style with diabetes distress through glycaemic control was not significant. Results suggest that relationship style is associated with glycaemic control through diabetes distress in women with type 2 diabetes.

THE IMPACT OF PAIN ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN SEVERE DEMENTIA

Pain is a common problem among older adults, and it is estimated that ≥50% of nursing home residents with dementia experience pain on a regular basis. Pain is associated with a higher occurrence of depression, and it also affects activities of daily living and care activities in older adults. Furthermore, previous research has shown that pain in nursing homes residents with dementia affects their quality of life to varying degrees. However, we do not know how pain exerts its effect on quality of life in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to quantify how the relationship between pain and quality of life in nursing home residents with severe dementia can be explained by depressive symptoms and activities of daily living. Cross-sectional baseline data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial were used. A total of 112 inpatients with a dementia diagnosis, lacking self- report capacity or who were nonverbal were included. Registered nurses collected data on quality of life (QUALID), pain (Doloplus-2), activities of daily living (Physical Self-Maintenance Scale) and depressive symptoms (Cornell). Mediation analysis was performed with Ordinary Least Squares linear regression. The total and direct effect of pain on quality of life were statistically significant. Both activities of daily living and depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between pain and quality of life. Parallel multiple mediator model: pain (X), QoL (Y), depressive symptoms (M1) and ADL (M2).

Polygenic Risk, Personality Dimensions, and Adolescent Alcohol Use Problems: A Longitudinal Study.

Alcohol use problems are common during adolescence and can predict serious negative outcomes in adulthood, including substance dependence and psychopathology. The current study examines the notion that alcohol use problems are driven by polygenic influences and that genetic influences may indirectly affect alcohol use problems through multiple pathways of risk, including variations in personality. We used a genome-wide approach to examine associations between genetic risk for alcohol use problems, personality dimensions, and adolescent alcohol use problems in two separate longitudinal population-based samples, the Finnish Twin Cohort (FinnTwin12) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants were 1,035 young adults from FinnTwin12 and 3,160 adolescents from ALSPAC. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for ALSPAC using genome-wide association results (on alcohol dependence symptoms as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) from FinnTwin12. A parallel multiple mediator model was tested to examine whether the association between PRS and alcohol use problems assessed at age 16 could be explained by variations in personality dimensions assessed at age 13, including sensation seeking and negative emotionality. PRS were marginally predictive of age 16 alcohol use problems; this association was partially mediated by sensation seeking. Polygenic variation underlying risk for alcohol use problems may directly influence the effects of sensation seeking, which in turn influence the development of alcohol use problems in later adolescence. These findings contribute to the increasing evidence regarding the salience of sensation seeking during early adolescence as a potential constituent in the risk pathway underlying the development of alcohol use problems.