Parallel Formation Research Articles

Compatible Kinetic Model for Quantitative Description of Dual-Clock Behavior of the Complex Thiourea-Iodate Reaction.

The thiourea-iodate reaction has been investigated simultaneously by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Absorbance-time traces measured at the isosbestic point of the iodine-triiodide system have revealed a special dual-clock behavior. During the first kinetic stage of the title reaction, iodine suddenly appears only after a well-defined time lag when thiourea is totally consumed due to the rapid thiourea-iodine system giving rise to a substrate-depletive clock reaction. After this delay, iodine in the system starts to build up suddenly to a certain level, where the system remains for quite a while. During this period, hydrolysis of formamidine disulfide as well as the formamidine disulfide-iodine system along with the Dushman reaction and subsequent reactions of the intermediates governs the parallel formation and disappearance of iodine, resulting in a fairly constant absorbance. The kinetic phase mentioned above is then followed by a more slowly increasing sigmoidally shaped profile that is characteristic of autocatalysis-driven clock reactions. HPLC studies have clearly shown that the thiourea dioxide-iodate system is responsible mainly for the latter characteristics. Of course, depending on the initial concentration ratio of the reactants, the absorbance-time curve may level off or reach a maximum followed by a declining phase. With an excess of thiourea, iodine may completely disappear from the solution as a result of the thiourea dioxide-iodine reaction. In the opposite case, with an excess of iodate, the final absorbance reaches a finite value, and at the same time, iodide ion will disappear completely from the solution due to the well-known Dushman (iodide-iodate) reaction. In addition, we have also shown that in the case of the formamidine disulfide-iodine reaction, unexpectedly the triiodide ion is more reactive toward formamidine disulfide than iodine. This feature can readily be interpreted by the enhancement of the rate of formation of the transition complex containing oppositely charged reactants. A 25-step kinetic model is proposed with just 10 fitted parameters to fit the 68 kinetic traces measured in the thiourea-iodate system and the second, but slower, kinetic phase of the thiourea-iodine reaction. The comprehensive kinetic model is constituted in such a way as to remain coherent in quantitatively describing all of the most important characteristics of the formamidine disulfide-iodine, thiourea dioxide-iodine, and thiourea dioxide-iodate systems.

Сhannelized Karyotype Evolution of the Common Shrew <i>Sorex araneus</i> (Mammalia)

A model of channelized evolution of the S. araneus L. karyotype in the processes of replacement of ten pairs of acrocentric chromosomes by five pairs of metacentric chromosomes has been proposed. The channelized evolution of the karyotype arises due to the inability of Rb fusions with incomplete (monobrachial) homology to spread in the same population. Therefore, an Rb fusion, due to some random event first appearing in a population, largely determines the further evolution of the karyotype of that population. After the third replacement of acrocentric chromosomes by metacentric ones, the replacement of the remaining 6 pairs of acrocentrics allows the formation of no more than three karyotypes with five diagnostic metacentrics, which can be predicted, regardless of which rearrangements result in metacentric chromosomes (Rb fusion or WART). The channelized karyotypic evolution greatly increases the likelihood of parallel karyotype formation, in cases where evolution begins with identical metacentrics in geographically distant populations. An example of parallel evolution that began with the gk metacentric is the identical karyotypes of the new Mogilev race from Belarus and the Tomsk race from Western Siberia. The evolution of Eastern European chromosomal races shows hybrid fusion processes between the karyotypes of the East European karyotypic group (EEKG) and the West European karyotypic group (WEKG).

Nanoscale insights into the local structural rearrangements of amyloid-β induced by bexarotene.

A better understanding of the abnormal protein aggregation and the effect of anti-aggregation agents on the fibrillation pathways and the secondary structure of aggregates can determine strategies for the early treatment of dementia. Herein, we present a combination of experimental and theoretical studies providing new insights into the influence of the anti-aggregation drug bexarotene on the secondary structure of individual amyloid-β aggregates and its primary aggregation. The molecular rearrangements and the spatial distribution of β-sheets within individual aggregates were monitored at the nanoscale with infrared nanospectroscopy. We observed that bexarotene limits the parallel β-sheets formation, known to be highly abundant in fibrils at later phases of the amyloid-β aggregation composed of in-register cross-β structure. Moreover, we applied molecular dynamics to provide molecular-level insights into the investigated system. Both theoretical and experimental results revealed that bexarotene slows down the protein aggregation process via steric effects, largely prohibiting the antiparallel to parallel β-sheet rearrangement. We also found that bexarotene interacts not only via the single hydrogen bond formation with the peptide backbone but also with the amino acid side residue via a hydrophobic effect. The studied model of the drug-amyloid-β interaction contributes to a better understanding of the inhibition mechanism of the amyloid-β aggregation by the small molecule drugs. However, our nanoscale findings need to meet in vivo research requiring different analytical approaches.

Nucleophilic Substitution at Tricoordinate Sulfur-Alkaline Hydrolysis of Optically Active Dialkoxysulfonium Salts: Stereochemistry, Mechanism and Reaction Energetics.

Optically active dialkoxyisopropylsulfonium salts were obtained by methylation (ethylation) of optically active alkyl isopropanesulfinates using methyl (ethyl) trifluoromethanesulfonate. Alkaline hydrolysis of a series of methoxy(alkoxy)sulfonium salts afforded the two sulfinate products methyl isopropanesulfinate and alkyl isopropanesulfinate, both formed with a slightly prevailing inversion of configuration at the sulfur atom. DFT calculations revealed that this substitution reaction proceeded stepwise according to an addition-elimination (A-E) mechanism involving the formation of high tetracoordinate SIV sulfurane intermediates. In addition, the DFT calculations showed that recombination of the hydroxy anion with the methoxy(alkoxy)sulfonium cation-leading to the parallel formation of the two most stable primary sulfuranes, with the hydroxy and alkoxy groups in apical positions and their direct decomposition-is the most energetically favorable pathway.

What the Afterlife ofSCUMCan Teach Us about Autotheory

AbstractThe emerging genre of autotheory has been tied to a longer lineage of feminist and queer writing. Valerie Solanas’s SCUM Manifesto (1967) forms an important context for contemporary autotheoretical practices not only as an influence but also as a cautionary tale. Published in 1967, just one year before its author shot Andy Warhol, the SCUM Manifesto was quickly overdetermined by readings that saw the shooting as a fulfillment of the manifesto’s vision, rewriting the manifesto as a kind of autotheory in reverse. Tracing SCUM’s afterlife in a range of cultural texts, including Riot grrrl zines and Andrea Long Chu’s autotheoretical work Females (2019), reveals consistent anxieties about the relationship between the manifesto and the shooting. As a parallel cultural formation arising alongside autotheory, SCUM’s afterlife shows how anxieties about interpretation drive the autotheoretical impulse.

Meta-analysis of the thermo-catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂

CO₂ utilisation is increasingly important, and CO₂-hydrogenation represents a potential route for (re)-utilizing of CO₂ in hydrocarbon synthesis, especially when using renewable hydrogen. A large number of data-points in CO2 hydrogenation have been collected over the last decade, which are re-analysed in this study. This meta-analysis shows that the direct hydrogenation of CO2 yielding hydrocarbons (with the parallel formation of CO) is evidenced in more than 25% of published data. The meta-analysis further indicates that iron-catalysts may be promising as catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, although the obtained chain growth probability is still too low to convert CO2 to liquid hydrocarbons at a high selectivity.

Estimation of failure probability of wave energy farms by group method of data handling: An indian scenario

The failure probability of the wave energy converters is exceptionally high, which again increases the operation cost of the entities. The cause of this high cost lies in the fact that various factors influence the production efficiency of the converters. To solve this problem, multiple converters are utilized in series and parallel formation to produce energy simultaneously. This multiple converter system, known as wave energy farms, also fails to increase efficiency and decrease the cost of operation sufficiently. The reason for this is that not only technical but socio-economic as well as different environmental factors have a significant role in this aspect, which remains undetected or under- or over-detected while calculating the potential wave energy. The present investigation tries to classify the different factors which are most influential in controlling the transfer efficiency of wave energy farms to solve the problem of erroneously detecting significant factors. The authors offer a new indicator for estimating the failure likelihood of wave energy farms in converting ocean wave energy into electricity by combining Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Polynomial Neural Networks with information collected from an unbiased ranking technique.

Full-scale simulation and analysis of formation flight during in-air-capturing of a winged reusable launch vehicle

In the past two decades, the renewed interest in sustainable space transportation has driven the development of many innovative reusable launch technologies. One such concept called ‘In-Air-Capturing (IAC)’ involves winged rocket stages captured mid-air and towed back to the launch site using an aircraft. The approach, patented by German Aerospace Centre (DLR), shows potential for substantial mass and cost reduction by eliminating the need for additional propulsion during the descent. A critical aspect of IAC requires the two involved vehicles to be in a parallel formation with similar velocities and altitudes separated by a safe distance. The preliminary requirement is to maintain the formation for a minimum of 60 s, despite any external disturbances.This paper presents the modelling and simulation of a full-scale reusable launch vehicle and a towing aircraft attempting the formation flight for IAC. First, a suitable aircraft configuration is selected based on the aerodynamic performance of the selected test rocket stage. Important subsystems are identified and modelled comprehensively. Then, trajectory simulations are performed to identify the best approach and conditions for the formation. The sensitivity of the formation flight to critical factors like the idle thrust and wake turbulence from the towing aircraft are also analysed. The simulation showed that the minimum duration of formation flight could be maintained in the presence of external disturbances. Lastly, potential improvements and future simulations are discussed.

MOVPE-grown GaN/AlGaN heterostructures on sapphire with polarization-induced two-dimensional hole gases

GaN/Al x Ga1−x N heterostructures were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy to study in detail the formation of two-dimensional hole gases (2DHG). In contrast to the common double-heterostructure approach to create 2DHG, which is based on GaN buffer layers and leads to the parallel formation of a two-dimensional electron gas, this concept is designed to create a 2DHG only. The Al mole fraction in the AlGaN buffer and the GaN channel thickness are each varied to investigate their influence on 2DHG properties. The carrier concentrations as determined by room temperature Hall measurements follow the expected trend given by the Al content dependence of the spontaneous polarization of the relaxed AlGaN buffer. A 2DHG density as high as of 1.6 × 1013 cm−2 with a negligible dependence on temperature (80–300 K) is determined for a GaN/Al0.29Ga0.71N heterostructure by temperature-dependent Hall measurements. Higher carrier concentrations can also be achieved, yet strain relaxation of the GaN channel degrades the transport properties for Al contents above 30%.

Distributed fault‐tolerant parallel formation control of underactuated marine surface vehicles with limited control input

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive distributed parallel formation control approach is proposed for a group of underactuated marine surface vehicles with actuator fault and limited control input. Firstly, the algebraic topology is employed to model the intervehicle communication network of the multiple vehicles. Both the model uncertainties and environmental disturbance satisfying norm‐bounded conditions are discussed. Secondly, a concise bounded‐feedback adaptive law is developed to compensate the supremum of the neural network weight matrix, rather than each element of the matrix. That could dramatically reduce the computation burden of the algorithm and facilitate its application in practical engineering. Furthermore, a new adaptive parameter is introduced to analyze the input saturation and compensate the energy fading of actuator fault simultaneously. Finally, it is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and superiority of the proposed control strategy in different cases.

Effects of G-Quadruplex Ligands on the Topology, Stability, and Immunostimulatory Properties of G-Quadruplex-Based CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides.

We previously reported that the formation of guanine-quadruplex (G4) structures provides phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG ODNs) with higher nuclease resistance and cellular uptake, thereby increasing their immunostimulation efficiency through TLR9 activation. CpG ODNs forming G4 structures (G4 CpG ODNs) are thus potential vaccine adjuvants against infectious diseases. However, the G4 structure changes topology depending on the surrounding environment. Recently, G4 ligands, which are small molecules that bind to G4 ODNs with high affinity, were reported to improve the stability of G4. In this study, we propose to increase the stability and function of G4 CpG ODNs using G4 ligands. We show the effects of two G4 ligands, named L2H2-6OTD (L2H2) and L2G2-2M2EG-6OTD (L2G2), on the topology, stability, and immunostimulatory properties of a monomeric hybrid-type G4 CpG ODN containing CpG motifs in the central loop, named GD3. We found that L2H2 helps maintain the hybrid G4 topology of GD3, whereas L2G2 induces parallel G4 formation. Both G4 ligands increase the thermodynamic and nuclease stability of GD3. However, only GD3 associated with L2H2 binds efficiently to TLR9 and evokes a higher immune response from mouse macrophage-like RAW264 cells. GD3 associated with L2G2 does not bind efficiently to TLR9 and elicits lower cytokine production. Our results demonstrate that the potential to enhance immunostimulatory properties depends on the ability of G4 ligands to maintain and stabilize the hybrid G4 of GD3. We anticipate that our findings will facilitate the development of more effective G4 CpG ODN-based vaccine adjuvants against infectious diseases.

Comparison of the design of composite prestressed concrete hollow-core floor units between Eurocode 2 and ACI 318

A typical 1200 mm (48 in.) wide × 200 mm (8 in.) deep prestressed concrete hollow-core floor unit is analyzed and designed as a composite slab with a 75 mm (3 in.) deep structural topping to make a comparison between Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures (EC2-1-1) and the American Concrete Institute’s Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary (ACI 318R- 08). This is the second of two papers. The first was published in PCI Journal in the March–April 2021 issue and designed a noncomposite hollow-core unit. The present comparison includes two-stage composite service and ultimate moments of resistance, ultimate composite shear capacities, camber and deflections, and interface shear between the hollow-core unit and cast-in-place concrete topping. Precast concrete cylin­der strength was 40 N/mm2 (5800 psi) and the cast-in-place concrete topping was 25 N/mm2 (3625 psi). The hollow-core unit was pretensioned using 10 number seven-wire helical strands. Worked examples are pre­sented in parallel formation for EC2 and ACI 318.

1302-P: Inhibitory Effect of Advanced Glycation End Products on Proinsulin Processing

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form at an accelerated rate in diabetes and are associated with the development of diabetic complications. So far, the effect of AGEs on proteases was mostly investigated with substrates modified non-specifically with hexoses amongst others in combination with proteases of broad specificity. Here, we investigated the effect of AGEs on the proinsulin processing peptidases preprotein convertase 1 (PC1) and carboxypeptidase E (CPE) via two ways: - Measuring of activity towards peptide substrates. These contained chemically defined AGEs carboxymethyllysine (CML) or methylglyoxyl-hydroimidazolone-1 (MGH1) or unmodified amino acids. - Recombinant human proinsulin was incubated with methylglyoxal for 24 h and was processed by addition of PC1 and CPE in vitro. Formation of insulin was compared to unmodified proinsulin. In parallel formation of AGE-modified proinsulin was quantified. Artificial peptide substrates were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis and purified by HPLC. A protected building block was used for MGH1 incorporation while CML was introduced on the resin. Protease activity towards artificial substrates was measured by fluorescence assay or LC MS/MS. Proinsulin, insulin and AGE-modified proinsulin were quantified by LC MS. Strong activity of PC1 and CPE was seen towards arginine containing substrates. Activity was completely absent towards modified amino acids MGH1 and CML for both, PC1 and CPE. Incubation of proinsulin with MG resulted in MGH1 modified proinsulin. At low MG (µM) concentrations this was associated with a 25 % reduction of insulin formation while high MG concentrations (95 µM) led to a 75 % reduction in insulin formation. Here we demonstrate for the first time the effect of substrate modifications with AGEs on physiologically important proteases PC1 and CPE. The latter are not only involved in the processing of proinsulin but a range of endocrinologically and neurophysiologically important peptide hormones. Disclosure W. Mier: None. B. Beijer: None. J.M. Szendroedi: Consultant; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. T.H. Fleming: None. Funding DFG (SFB 1118)

TLSPG: Transfer learning-based semi-supervised pseudo-corpus generation approach for zero-shot translation

Machine Translation (MT) has come a long way in recent years, but it still suffers from data scarcity issue due to lack of parallel corpora for low (or sometimes zero) resource languages. However, Transfer Learning (TL) is one of the directions widely used for low-resource machine translation systems to overcome this issue. Creating parallel corpus for such languages is another way of dealing with data scarcity, yet costly, time-consuming and laborious task. In order to avoid the above listed limitations of parallel corpus formation, we present a TL-based Semi-supervised Pseudo-corpus Generation (TLSPG) approach for zero-shot MT systems. It generates the pseudo corpus by exploiting the relatedness between low resource language pairs and zero-resource language pairs via TL approach. It is further empirically ascertained in our experiments that such relatedness helps improve the performance of zero-shot MT systems. Experiments on zero-resource language pairs show that our approach effectively outperforms the existing state-of-the-art models, yielding improvement of +15.56,+8.13,+3.98 and +2 BLEU points for Bhojpuri→Hindi, Magahi→Hindi, Hindi→Bhojpuri and Hindi→Magahi, respectively.

Block Copolymer Nanopatterning for Nonsemiconductor Device Applications.

Block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterning has emerged as a versatile nanoscale fabrication tool for semiconductor devices and other applications, because of its ability to organize well-defined, periodic nanostructures with a critical dimension of 5-100 nm. While the most promising application field of BCP nanopatterning has been semiconductor devices, the versatility of BCPs has also led to enormous interest from a broad spectrum of other application areas. In particular, the intrinsically low cost and straightforward processing of BCP nanopatterning have been widely recognized for their large-area parallel formation of dense nanoscale features, which clearly contrasts that of sophisticated processing steps of the typical photolithographic process, including EUV lithography. In this Review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of BCP nanopatterning for various nonsemiconductor applications. Notable examples relying on BCP nanopatterning, including nanocatalysts, sensors, optics, energy devices, membranes, surface modifications and other emerging applications, are summarized. We further discuss the current limitations of BCP nanopatterning and suggest future research directions to open up new potential application fields.

Will sailing in formation reduce energy consumption? Numerical prediction of resistance for ships in different formation configurations

In nature, emergent collective behaviors suggest that the followers would obtain energy benefit from positive interaction with the leader’s wake by certain configurations. This article answers the question about the motivation of formation control research -- “will sailing in formation reduce energy consumption”. We carried out a series of numerical analyses on the relationship between resistance and formation configurations using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method in combination with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. At the first stage, verification and four-separate-distance benchmark cases are conducted to test grid discretization and numerical methods. Then, parametric studies are performed at various longitudinal offsets and transverse separations in tandem, parallel, and triangle formations. The numerical results indicate that specific formation configurations could bring resistance reduction and achieve energy benefit from the perspective of the whole convoy and the individual ship. Discussions on the resistance, energy consumption, and formation configuration are provided, respectively. Five energy consumption regions are established based on the resistance variations under different formation configurations. In terms of energy preservation, tandem formation is the optimal fleet configuration, followed by the triangle and parallel formation. Besides, for better maneuverability, specific longitudinal distances and lateral gaps are given to eliminate the additional lateral force and yaw moment caused by the ship-ship interaction.

A parallel shape formation method for swarm robotics

In order to cope with diversified tasks and unstructured environments, a parallel shape formation method for swarm robotics is introduced to adjust the system’s configuration autonomously and flexibly with the user-specified 2-D shape. Given the desired shape to be formed in the form of analytic functions, the forming task of the swarm system is divided into two sub-tasks: the edge robot forming task and the internal robot forming task. Then, the seed robot is selected through the generation and transmission of the gradient to establish the relative coordinate system, and the initial coordinates of robots are obtained through trilateral positioning. Based on that, using the artificial potential field method, under the action of gravitational force generated by the objective analytic functions and repulsion forces generated by other individuals in the neighborhood, edge individuals move to the target boundary; at the same time, internal individuals spread evenly in the target area under the action of the repulsion forces generated by each other. During the forming process, the two sub-tasks are executed in parallel, and the individuals continue to update their real-time positions by dead-reckoning until the desired shape is formed. We evaluate the feasibility and scalability of this novel method in simulation-based experiments, and implement the parallel shape formation algorithm on the Cilibot robot, a hardware system developed in our lab.

Kinetic model for the dehydration of xylose to furfural from a boronate diester precursor.

A comprehensive kinetic model describes the dehydration of xylose starting from the boronate diester-protected xylose (PBA2X). The model incorporates (de)esterification of PBA2X, partitioning, and xylose dehydration, and aims to evaluate the effects of the solvent system on these steps. The model explores the effect of the water contents in monophasic solvent systems, and that of ionic strength and mixing in biphasic aqueous-organic systems. At low water content, hydrolysis of PBA2X is the rate-limiting step, while xylose dehydration is fast. Conversely, in a monophasic three-solvent system, where the water content is higher, complete hydrolysis of the diester is achieved quickly. Under biphasic conditions, xylose dehydration is fast at high ionic strengths, but the slower partitioning/hydrolysis of PBA2X results in an overall slower furfural production. Furthermore, the observed different but high, constant xylose-to-furfural selectivities observed experimentally are tentatively ascribed to a higher order of parallel side-product formation.

МЕТОДИ ТА ЗАСОБИ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНО-ПАРАЛЕЛЬНОГО ПОШУКУ В МАСИВАХ МАКСИМАЛЬНИХ І МІНІМАЛЬНИХ ЧИСЕЛ

The current stage of development of information technology is characterized by the expansion of the applications, much of which is associated with the accumulation of large data sets and parallel data searching in real-time. Such applications include automated systems for multi-level control of technological processes and complex objects, where at the lower levels of such systems is the accumulation of large data sets and their processing in real time. The main source in these systems are different sensors and devices that generate telemetric data. That is why it is very crucial to preprocess this data in real-time for finding further issues. One of the optimal ways for implementing it, is to use hardware approach like programmable logic device (PLD) with FPGA type. For resolving this issue in the article were analyzed the recent research and publications and has shown that the disadvantage of existing methods and algorithms for finding the maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays is that they are not focused on hardware implementation by using PLD with FPGA type. It is shown that the development of high-speed hardware for finding maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays should be carried out with an integrated approach, which includes methods, algorithms, structures and modern LPD and should be based on the following principles: homogeneity and regularity of structure; localization and simplification of connections between elements; modularity of construction; pipeline and spatial parallelism of data processing; consistency of the intensity of the discharge of bit sections with the intensity of their processing in the device. The basic operations for the implementation of algorithms for vertical-parallel search of maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays are highlighted and it is shown that they are based on the same type of basic operations with local and regular connections. In the article was developed the method of vertical-parallel searching of maximum and minimum numbers in arrays, which due to parallel processing of the first bit of an array of numbers and parallel formation of control words provides reduction of search time, which is mainly determined by bit numbers. Improved vertical-parallel method of simultaneous search of maximum and minimum numbers in two-dimensional arrays, which due to the simultaneous processing of p one-dimensional arrays and the use of the displacement method reduces the search time by p times compared to the existing method. It is shown that the time of vertical-parallel search of maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays is determined by the bit size of numbers, not their numbers. It is determined that the use of a common bus for formatting of the i-th bit of the maximum (minimum) number and the parallel formation of control words provides an increasing in the processing frequency of bit slices of one-dimensional array. It is determined that the amount of FPGA hardware resources that required for implementation a device for vertical-parallel searching of maximum and minimum numbers in a one-dimensional array mainly depends on the size of the array of numbers, and search time on their bit size.

The Rhetoric of Abolition: Metonymy and Black Feminism

Abstract: In light of Ruth Wilson Gilmore’s call that abolition means to “change everything,” how might we understand an abolitionist literary method? An abolitionist literary method dials into the language of critiquing prisons. This essay contends that recent developments in U.S. discourse concerning prison reform and prison abolition rely on the distinction between metaphor and metonymy. As rhetorical tropes, metaphor and metonymy both operate by means of figurative language. Metaphor creates a parallel formation between terms, popular in prison reformist language (i.e. “prison as labor,” “prison as slavery,” “schools as prisons,” or “black holes as prisons”), while metonymy demonstrates a network between materially related sites, persons, and objects (as in “flesh,” “black holes,” or “the Prison Industrial Complex”) more central to the rhetoric of prison abolition. Following Emily Apter’s critique of Fredric Jameson’s “carceral metaphors,” I demonstrate these distinctions between metaphor-reform and metonymy-abolition through textual analysis of a Black feminist archive by considering the work of Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Hortense Spillers, Saidiya Hartman, George Jackson, Evelynn Hammonds, and Assata Shakur. These different thinkers employ metonymy to illuminate theoretical possibilities for abolition through economics, flesh, motherhood, intimacy, sexuality, and physics over a period of thirty years. That being said, none of these writers define their work by the principal status given to metonymy, and this essay seeks to bring together their interventions through this rhetorical trope. I propose that abolition’s stretch through metonymy is central to an abolitionist literary method, provoking the animated reconsideration of language-use by scholars and activists. While not eliding metaphor entirely, this historical materialist work demonstrates that the careful elaboration of words and phrases becomes more robustly anti-carceral when one indexes where, how, and why metaphor and metonymy contract or extend imaginative political possibility.