Parallel Development Research Articles

Conception of creativity-based method of foreign language communication learning in agrarian university

This article is devoted to the analyses and the creation of creativity-based method of foreign speech in non-linguistic university of agrarian training area. The aim of the given article is to create the more effective way of learning foreign speech in agrarian university which includes creative thinking usage. The author of the article gives the detailed analyses of foreign speech learning process issues in non-linguistic agrarian university. The author of the article developed the training curriculum of creativity-based method of foreign speech learning process in agrarian university. The methodical algorithm, developed by the author of the article, gives the detailed analysis of creative thinking implementation in practice for future agricultural specialists. Creativity-based exercises’ system, developed by the author of the article, includes creativity-based drills and creativity-based communicative tasks which provide parallel development both creative thinking and foreign speech skills of agrarian training area, necessary for communication for special purposes in agrarian universities. The article describes different modern viewpoints and concept variants of creative thinking implementation in learning process by different leading specialists in creative thinking methodology. The given article represents the better variant of foreign speaking learning technique in non-linguistic agrarian university based on consideration of creative thinking as foreign language learning terminology category and its introduction to foreign language learning process in non-linguistic agrarian training area.

Formation of the human capital development mechanism of machine-building enterprises on the basis of digitalization

The article presents the mechanism of human capital development, which takes into account the peculiarities of the functioning of machine-building enterprises, ensures the parallel development of digital skills, knowledge, digital intellectual potential in combination with technical and technological support, includes organizational measures and economic support for their implementation. Several factors affecting the development of human capital in the conditions of digitalization of the economy are identified. The factors of organizational direction that determine the development of human capital of machine-building enterprises include the implementation of the strategy for the development of the digital economy of Ukraine, demand for digital services, the development of remote work, the spread of devices and access to high-speed Internet, and the factors of economic direction - the reduction of the cost of digital technologies, the acceleration of turnover of funds thanks to e-commerce, capital return and asset productivity, reduction of transaction costs. The article describes several principles on which the human capital development mechanism should be based: the principles of proactivity, adaptability, perspective, progressiveness, comprehensiveness and economy. These principles are correlated with measures for the development of human capital. It is substantiated that the mechanism involves the use of modern tools provided by Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 technologies, as well as methods of proactive development of human capital. The framework of digital competencies and roadmaps for the integration development of human capital and the implementation and implementation of digital strategies are defined as an effective tool for engineering enterprises in the implementation of the development of human capital based on digitalization. A set of measures for the development of human capital has been substantiated and disclosed, which includes: the formation and systematic monitoring of digital competencies with the involvement of employees who correspond to them; creation and use of a corporate university, ensured both by the involvement of employees and the use of internally formed knowledge and abilities of own employees; renewal of tangible and intangible assets for digitization, development and adaptation of human capital by implemented digital strategies. The format of the proposed corporate university, which will involve comprehensive training of various groups of employees, exchange of experience and the use of various digital tools and VR/AR simulators, is detailed. Economic support for the proactive development of human capital is disclosed. Digitization strategies are defined, which should be aimed at the development of human capital of machine-building enterprises. The effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism is substantiated.

Performing the Jewish Temporary House: Reflections on an Art-Research Project on Contemporary Sukkot

The article discusses two projects involving the construction of two contemporary sukkot. These are the temporary shelters the Israelites erected in the desert during their wanderings (Exodus 33:6) and have ever since construct- ed to fulfill the commandment of dwelling in sukkot during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot to commemorate the exodus from Egypt. The Eternal Sukkah, a project developed in Jerusalem by the Sala-manca Group in collaboration with Itamar Mendes-Flohr and Yeshayahu Rabinowitz, is discussed in its historical, political, and cultural context. It deals with the relations between the Jewish festival of Sukkot, Bedouin architecture, and Israeli ethnopolitics, as expressed in this project, describes the transformation of the Bedouin hut into a Jewish sukkah, and examines the symbolic aspects arising from the politics and poetics of its display in the former Jerusalem Leprosarium and at the Israel Museum. The discussion outlines an unexpected output related to that transformation: the parallel development of an eco-tourism initiative carried out by the Bedouin community. This initiative led to a traditional Bedouin tent becoming an ethnographic object exhibited inside a Bedouin shack built in the exact place of the purchased hut. The second project discussed in this article is the Deller Sukkah replica, carried out by Sala-manca in collaboration with Ktura Manor and Nir Yahalom. This is an unauthorized replica of the Deller Sukkah (d. 1840, Bavaria) from the Judaica collection of the Israel Museum. The discussion deals with the wandering and smuggling of symbolic homes, the status of a “doubled” object as a new original, the performative transformation of the structure’s identity, the transformation of the structure’s status, and its market and cultural values. Both projects are treated not only as material reconstructions of the past but also as critical testimony of the present.

Evidence for parallel development of ever-growing molars in Early Pleistocene rodents from southern Spain and their paleoenvironmental implications

Evidence for parallel development of ever-growing molars in Early Pleistocene rodents from southern Spain and their paleoenvironmental implications

Мировоззренческий диалог или параллельное развитие мысли: античные параллели к Книге Кохелета 12:7

The article deals with the ancient parallels of the fifth century B.C.E. to Qoh. 12:7 (“And the dust shall return to the earth, which it was, and the spirit shall return to God who gave it”). First of all, these parallels include passages from Euripides: “That which is of the earth returns to the earth, the same which is born of the etheric seed returns to the heavenly pole” (“Chrysippus”; 839, 8–11 [ed. Nauck]); “the spirit is to the ether (πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα), and the body to the earth” (“The Suppliants,” 533–534; see also: fr. 971 [ed. Nauck]). Another parallel to Qoh. 12:7 is found in an Attic public inscription commemorating the Athenian soldiers killed at Potidaea (432 B.C.E.): “The ether took (their) souls, [the earth (took)] the bodies...” (IG I³, 1179, eds. Kirchhoff et al.). This view correlates with Empedocles’ assertion that there is neither birth (φύσις) nor death, but only the mixing and subsequent separation of mixed elements (cf.: B 8–9, 11, 15 [DK]), and the idea of Anaxagoras, who said that “birth and death are tantamount” to “change (ἀλλλοιοῦσθαι) only” (Arist. GC I, 314a.14–15). In Euripides’ tragedy “Helen”, the heroine expresses the idea that all “mind” (ὁ νοῦς) “does not live” on the death of the body, it dies “in immortal ether”; but in ether the “immortal” γνώμη which the “mind” of man “possesses” persists. In analysing these fragments, the author concludes that one would rather assume a parallel development of the concepts of the afterlife in the Mediterranean region, rather than a direct influence of Hellenic religious doctrines on Jewish thought or a philosophical dialogue between Judaeans and Hellenes at the time the Book of Qoheleth was written.

Fully automated insulin delivery: artificial pancreas

Despite the increasing use of new treatment options, the glycaemic control of most diabetes patients is not satisfactory. However, a clear advantage is documented in the subpopulation of patients applying advanced technologies. Nevertheless, there is a need to improve the replacement of islet function and to check the achievement of treatment goals in individuals with diabetes. Aiming to fulfil these requirements, new technologies need to attain. Parallel development of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring devices lead to automated insulin delivery systems. The future development goal is to achieve systems not dependent on user inputs, e.g. the fully closed loop system (artificial pancreas). The biggest barriers are the non-physiological insulin delivery and glucose monitoring subcutaneous/interstitial) of the systems used currently, therefore further research will establish the long-term benefits of emerging technologies in the care of diabetes individuals.

Advances in photothermal regulation strategies: from efficient solar heating to daytime passive cooling.

Photothermal regulation concerning solar harvesting and repelling has recently attracted significant interest due to the fast-growing research focus in the areas of solar heating for evaporation, photocatalysis, motion, and electricity generation, as well as passive cooling for cooling textiles and smart buildings. The parallel development of photothermal regulation strategies through both material and system designs has further improved the overall solar utilization efficiency for heating/cooling. In this review, we will review the latest progress in photothermal regulation, including solar heating and passive cooling, and their manipulating strategies. The underlying mechanisms and criteria of highly efficient photothermal regulation in terms of optical absorption/reflection, thermal conversion, transfer, and emission properties corresponding to the extensive catalog of nanostructured materials are discussed. The rational material and structural designs with spectral selectivity for improving the photothermal regulation performance are then highlighted. We finally present the recent significant developments of applications of photothermal regulation in clean energy and environmental areas and give a brief perspective on the current challenges and future development of controlled solar energy utilization.

Revisiting the formation of universal competencies of foreign students

Foreign citizens study at Russian universities according to educational programs in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, designed for pre-university training of Russian citizens. This is especially evident in the formation of universal competencies (UC). The identification and search for the solution to the problems that arise in this case determine the relevance of the research. We set a goal to determine how significant the differences were between the content of pre-university Russian and foreign education, which is necessary for the formation of UC-11 – citizenship and UC-9 associated with it – inclusive culture, using the method of comparative analysis. Documents on foreign education served as the material.When developing an educational program in terms of the formation of UC-11, universities take into account continuity with the general educational subject of social science, which Russian students study at a basic or advanced level. In this regard, the content of foreign education was assessed from the standpoint of the presence of the disciplines of the subject area «Social sciences». The analysis carried out showed their complete or partial absence in pre-university foreign education. Meanwhile, it turned out that the inclusive position of many foreign students, unlike Russian students, was practically formed. Thus, the university needs to develop individual educational programs for foreign students, providing for the expansion of the list of variable and optional disciplines, changing the ratio of contact work with a teacher and student’s independent work. The optimal form remains the previous or parallel development of a specially designed additional educational program.

Logics of career choice - concept and results of an approval-sensitive career guidance workshop.

To manage the transition from school to work, young people need to learn about occupations, explore their own (professional) interests, skills and values, and make career-related decisions. According to Gottfredson's Career Construction (CC) theory (1981), young people - influenced by their need for social approval - have already narrowed down their spectrum of acceptable occupations by the time they participate in school-based career orientation programs. Therefore, we focus on career guidance interventions that take into account their need for social approval. We present first results of an intervention study of a newly developed approval-sensitive workshop, "Logic of Career Choice." It challenges students' mostly unconscious need for social approval, raising awareness and prompting reflection and action on this aspect of their career choices. By analyzing a sample based on a quasi-experimental treatment-control group research design, we examine to what extent this workshop can contribute to reaching its objectives [n = 1236 students in secondary schools; treatment group (n = 766); control group (n = 470)]. Confirmatory factor analyses indicate the reliability of the new measurement instruments. The six examined constructs include (1) the relevance of social approval, (2) the feeling of autonomy, (3) interest in career choice, (4) reflection of needs, (5) intention to act, and (6) reported career choice activities. The results reveal partial confirmation of hypothesis (1) regarding the importance of social approval and (2) the feeling of autonomy. However, the constructs (4) reflection of needs and (5) intention to act show parallel developments in both the treatment and control groups, leading to the rejection of these hypotheses. The constructs (3) interest in career choice and (6) retrospectively reported activities regarding career choice show unexpected effects of the workshop. Interest in career choice decreases significantly more in the treatment group than in the control group, and the treatment group reports significantly more retrospective career choice activities. The discussion interprets the results in the context of their scientific and practical implications, with special attention given to the decrease in interest in career choice in the treatment group and the increased retrospective reporting of career choice activities.

Technology Prospects for Data-Intensive Computing

For many decades, progress in computing hardware has been closely associated with CMOS logic density, performance, and cost. As such, slowdown in 2-D scaling, frequency saturation in CPUs, and increased cost of design and chip fabrication for advanced technology nodes since the early 2000s have led to concerns about how semiconductor technology may evolve in the future. However, the last two decades have also witnessed a parallel development in the application landscape: the advent of big data and consequent rise of data-intensive computing, using techniques such as machine learning. In this article, we advance the idea that data-intensive computing would further cement semiconductor technology as a foundational technology with multidimensional pathways for growth. Continued progress of semiconductor technology in this new context would require the adoption of a system-centric perspective to holistically harness logic, memory, and packaging resources. After examining the performance metrics for data-intensive computing, we present the historical trends for general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) as a representative data-intensive computing hardware. Thereon, we estimate the values of the key data-intensive computing parameters for the next decade, and our projections may serve as a precursor for a dedicated technology roadmap. By analyzing the compiled data, we identify and discuss specific opportunities and challenges for data-intensive computing hardware technology.

Looking for Economic Cooperation between Austria and the Soviet Union during Khrushchev’s Thaw

This article aims to contribute to the development of a more correct model of the relationship between East and West. The traditional view of Europe after 1945 with its opposite and mutually exclusive military and economic organizations is characterized in traditional historiography by the existence of a symmetrical and parallel development of two ideological blocs during the bipolar confrontation of the systems. In the context of modifying this model, the article proposes to consider the continent as a complex space where parallelism, asymmetry, and convergence coexist, and which has seen multi-level cooperation between a wide range of subjects in various fields. All this will allow a new assessment of the degree of involvement of the USSR in global economic relations. Particular attention is paid to the compensatory supply of goods in accordance with the State Treaty after 1955, as well as the attempts of the Soviet leadership to establish bilateral trade. A comparative analysis of the mechanisms for the implementation of Soviet-Austrian economic cooperation makes it possible to show more clearly how fundamentally different socio-economic systems could interact and how they adapted to the new economic reality. The author mostly refers to documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics and the Bruno Kreisky Archive Foundation, which have not been used previously, and are first introduced into scholarly circulation.

Codesign of Biobased Cellulose-Filled Filaments and Mesostructures for 4D Printing Humidity Responsive Smart Structures.

Hygromorphic smart structures are advantageous as passively actuated systems for generating movement, with applications ranging from weather-responsive architectural building skins to adaptive wearables and microrobotics. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is a valuable method for multiscale fabrication and physical programming of such structures. However, material limitations in terms of printability, responsiveness, and mechanical properties are major bottlenecks in achieving reliable and repeatable humidity-responsive actuation. We propose a codesign method for 4D printing hygromorphic structures through fused filament fabrication, incorporating parallel development of (1) biobased cellulose-filled filaments with varying stiffness and hygroresponsiveness, and (2) designed mesoscale structuring in printed elements. We first describe the design of a pallet of filaments produced by compounding cellulose powder in mass ratios of 0-30% within two matrix polymers with high and low stiffness. We then present the design, fabrication, and testing of a series of 4D-printed prototypes tuned to change shape, that is, open and close, in response to relative humidity (RH). The structures can fully transform in conditions of 35-90% RH, which corresponds to naturally occurring shifts in RH in daily and seasonal weather cycles. Furthermore, their motion is fast (within the range of minutes), fully reversible, and repeatable in numerous cycles. These results open new opportunities for the utilization of 4D printing and natural resources for the development of functional humidity-responsive smart structures.

Intelligence Process vs. Content and Academic Performance: A Trip through a House of Mirrors.

The main purpose of modern intelligence tests has been to predict individual differences in academic performance, first of children, then adolescents, and later extending to adults. From the earliest Binet-Simon scales to current times, most one-on-one omnibus intelligence assessments include both process subtests (e.g., memory, reasoning) and content subtests (e.g., vocabulary, information). As somewhat parallel developments, intelligence theorists have argued about the primacy of the process components or the content components reflecting intelligence, with many modern researchers proposing that process constructs like working memory are the fundamental determinant of individual differences in intelligence. To address whether there is an adequate basis for re-configuring intelligence assessments from content or mixed content and process measures to all-process measures, the question to be answered in this paper is whether intellectual process assessments are more or less valid predictors of academic success, in comparison to content measures. A brief review of the history of intelligence assessment is provided with respect to these issues, and a number of problems and limitations of process measures is discussed. In the final analysis, there is insufficient justification for using process-only measures to the exclusion of content measures, and the limited data available point to the idea that content-dominated measures are more highly predictive of academic success than are process measures.

Planetary Mapping Using Deep Learning: A Method to Evaluate Feature Identification Confidence Applied to Habitats in Mars-Analog Terrain.

The goals of Mars exploration are evolving beyond describing environmental habitability at global and regional scales to targeting specific locations for biosignature detection, sample return, and eventual human exploration. An increase in the specificity of scientific goals-from follow the water to find the biosignatures-requires parallel developments in strategies that translate terrestrial Mars-analog research into confident identification of rover-explorable targets on Mars. Precisely how to integrate terrestrial, ground-based analyses with orbital data sets and transfer those lessons into rover-relevant search strategies for biosignatures on Mars remains an open challenge. Here, leveraging small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) technology and state-of-the-art fully convolutional neural networks for pixel-wise classification, we present an end-to-end methodology that applies Deep Learning to map geomorphologic units and quantify feature identification confidence. We used this method to assess the identification confidence of rover-explorable habitats in the Mars-analog Salar de Pajonales over a range of spatial resolutions and found that spatial resolutions two times better than are available from Mars would be necessary to identify habitats in this study at the 1-σ (85%) confidence level. The approach we present could be used to compare the identifiability of habitats across Mars-analog environments and focus Mars exploration from the scale of regional habitability to the scale of specific habitats. Our methods could also be adapted to map dome- and ridge-like features on the surface of Mars to further understand their origin and astrobiological potential.

Lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic: Vaccine platform is a key player

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and emergence of COVID-19 resulted in the development of different vaccines based on various platforms to combat the disease. While the conventional platforms of inactivated/live attenuated, subunit proteins and virus-like particles (VLPs) have provided efficient and safe vaccines, novel platforms of viral vector- and nucleic acid-based vaccines opened up new horizons for vaccine development. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic showed that the availability of platforms with high possibility of quick translation from bench to bedside is a prerequisite step in vaccine development in pandemics. Moreover, parallel development of different platforms as well as considering the shipping, storage condition, distribution infrastructure and route of administration are key players for successful and robust response. This review highlights the lessons learned from the current COVID-19 pandemic in terms of vaccine development to provide quick response to future outbreaks of infectious diseases and the importance of vaccine platform in its storage condition and shipping. Finally, the potential application of current COVID-19 vaccine platforms in the treatment of non-infectious diseases has been discussed.

The Trends Changing the Economies of Latin America

At the turn of the second and third decades of the 21st century, new trends began to form in the economies of Latin America, which had experienced deep crisis shocks. In the future the development of these trends can adjust and strengthen the place and role of the region in the system of world economic relations. One of these trends is the rapid growth of the technology sector based on innovation and digitalization, which is able to ensure the transition of the region to a “new business normal,” understanding by this term consistent structural modernization and organic adaptation of the economies of Latin American countries to post-Covid realities. The main actors in this transition to the new economy are Latin American transnational corporations, the so-called multilatinas, and their avant-garde form, technolatinas, which are associated with innovations and high technology. At the same time, it is critically important to achieve a systemic relationship between the economic policy of the state and the business strategy of technologically advanced private companies. An effective public–private partnership seems to be a necessary condition for long-overdue institutional and structural reforms, the purpose of which should be to turn Latin America into a “region of start-ups” and a space of high-tech ecosystems. This article shows that the strategic task at the stage of a macroeconomic transition is to expand the domestic and foreign markets of the countries of the region for all types of Latin American goods and services, including technological and high-tech. According to the author, the best way to achieve this goal lies in the formation of a triple circulation economy or, in other words, the parallel and balanced development of national and regional markets with the simultaneous activation and diversification of foreign economic relations far beyond Latin America. It goes without saying that it is a long process, and the countries of the region are only at the very beginning of a marked transformation.

The Physical Canon

The physical Bible as we know it is a library of books gathered together within a single cover binding. The creation of the single-volume Bible, utilizing the codex book form, dates from the first half of the fourth century, and at its inception was a powerful technological innovation. Committing a fixed form within a binding, the single-volume Bible uniquely declared the unity of the Scriptures and the books authorized for inclusion. However, enormous production costs meant that single-volume Bibles were rare. Considering this rarity, Bibles must have come together in other recognized physical forms. Given the dearth of direct physical evidence, we infer their existence by looking at Greco-Roman book containers and furnishings, descriptive and metaphorical allusions in theological writings, the parallel development of the Torah Ark/Shrine in Jewish synagogues, and pictorial depictions in church mosaics and Bible manuscript paintings.

Diverse data sources and new statistical models offer prospects for improving the predictability of anthropogenic hybridization.

Human disturbance can theoretically influence the rates of hybridization, but few studies have convincingly identified a causal link. Grabenstein et al. (2022) used a genomic and phenotypic study of chickadees to associate hybridization with human disturbance. Additionally, this is consistent with citizen science reports of chickadee hybrids across the range. We highlight the exciting aspects of this work and make suggestions about a role for broad geographic and genomic sampling, and new statistical methods to better connect hybridization outcomes to anthropogenic disturbance in diverse study systems.

Effects of early postnatal life nutritional interventions on immune-microbiome interactions in the gastrointestinal tract and implications for brain development and function.

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota has co-evolved with the host in an intricate relationship for mutual benefit, however, inappropriate development of this relationship can have detrimental effects. The developing GI microbiota plays a vital role during the first 1,000 days of postnatal life, during which occurs parallel development and maturation of the GI tract, immune system, and brain. Several factors such as mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, exposure to antibiotics, host genetics, and nutrition affect the establishment and resultant composition of the GI microbiota, and therefore play a role in shaping host development. Nutrition during the first 1,000 days is considered to have the most potential in shaping microbiota structure and function, influencing its interactions with the immune system in the GI tract and consequent impact on brain development. The importance of the microbiota-GI-brain (MGB) axis is also increasingly recognized for its importance in these developmental changes. This narrative review focuses on the importance of the GI microbiota and the impact of nutrition on MGB axis during the immune system and brain developmental period in early postnatal life of infants.

Association of patients’ pre-therapy strengths and alliance in outpatient psychotherapy: A multilevel growth curve analysis

Objective Meta-analytic evidence showed robust associations between the alliance in psychotherapeutic dyads and treatment outcomes. Recent studies have indicated that facets of positive mental health are additionally relevant predictors of both the alliance and success of psychotherapy. However, the impact of patients’ pre-therapy strengths on the alliance at the beginning and during treatment has been scarcely examined. Method 428 patients (62.4% female, M age = 40.79), treated by 41 therapists, underwent cognitive behavioral therapy in a German outpatient training and research center. Alliance from patients’ perspectives was assessed at the beginning and during treatment. Data were analyzed with multilevel growth curve modeling. Results Alliance increased during psychotherapy, with a quadratic trajectory best representing this trend on average, p < .001. Pre-therapy strengths were positively related to alliance intercept, b = 0.0537, p < .001. No interaction was found between the included time variables and pre-therapy strengths in the prediction of the alliance slope. Conclusion Positive mental health facets should be considered in psychotherapy research and practice. Future studies may focus on the parallel development of patients’ strengths with other process factors in treatment.