Paradigm Shift In Use Research Articles

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nationwide distribution of Kyo-yasai (heirloom vegetables in Kyoto) and the advantages of traditional farming methods with importance of ‘Syun’: a case of mizuna

IntroductionThis study aimed to review the farming activity and the administrative measure to successfully increase the distribution of heirloom vegetable “mizuna” nationwide by examining the paradigm shift in the use of its young less-branched form for salad. We also discussed that breeding programs of the young form ironically resulted in reduction the flavor and the antimutagenicity of this vegetable.MethodsThrough hearing survey, we explored reasons for the successful nationwide distribution of heirloom vegetable, mizuna. Through chemical analysis, the fragrant ingredients in mizuna, their antimutagenicity and the changes in their amount for one year were determined.Results and discussionThe primary factor for commencing the distribution of mizuna includes the new idea of using young less-branched form of mizuna as salad ingredient, which has been recognized by most who were involved in promoting the distribution of mizuna among farmers, distributors, and employees of agricultural extension section at Kyoto Prefecture office. The secondary factor is the fact that the primary factor coincides on a time axis with other two factors: the occurrence of the boom of Kyoto's heirloom vegetables and the Vegetable Management Stabilization Project found as a measure of Kyoto Prefecture. We determined three fragrant compounds in mizuna, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 3-phenylpropionitrile, and phenylethyl isothiocyanate, of which their antimutagenic effects were also identified. Those amounts were highest at the best harvest season called ‘Syun’ in the past because of the cold temperature of Japanese winter in traditional open-field cultivation.ConclusionIt implied that the successful nationwide distribution of mizuna resulted from the administrative measures based on the paradigm shift in the new use of mizuna for salad due to increase in demand of the vegetable in contemporary dishes. The traditional cultivation of mizuna might be suitable if wishing the flavor and antimutagenicity at the best harvest season ‘Syun’.

Is there a paradigm shift in use of microsomes and hepatocytes in drug discovery and development?

Opinion

A paradigm shift in use and management of United States public lands for livestock grazing

• The western United States (US) has been a food-security resource to generate a consistent supply of nutritious, high-protein foods from grazing livestock. • Much of the lands in the western US are “public lands” that are administered by US federal land management agencies. Public lands have been historically used to provide multiple ecosystem services that benefit humans, which include food production from grazing livestock. • Recent US public land management policies that have been focused specifically on wildlife species-of-interest have resulted in permanent withdrawal of federal public lands from livestock grazing and food production. • Decisions to reduce or eliminate grazing on federal public lands reflect a shift from long-standing federal policies designed to ensure a ready supply of domestic food and fiber. • Approximately 23% of the US sheep industry is facing imminent loss of grazing access to public lands, which will irretrievably alter the many small-business and family-owned livestock operations and the rural communities that rely on the public lands that surround them. • Elimination of livestock grazing removes an effective tool for land managers to maintain range and forest health, enhancing wildlife habitat, controlling invasive weeds, and mitigating wildfire risk.