Paradigm Of Thinking Research Articles

Konsep Dai dalam Buku Anggukan Ritmis Kaki Pak Kyai Karya Emha Ainun Nadjib

Daí is a key aspect in the success of da'wah. Wrong in the meaning of the role and implementation, the purpose of da'wah will also be difficult to achieve. This is the focus of a Muslim scholar and humanist Emha Ainun Nadjib (Cak Nun) through his work entitled “Anggukan Ritmis Kaki Pak Kyai”. Using this type of qualitative research with hermeneutic approach, this study tries to find out how the ideality of the daí concept is contained in the book “Anggukan Ritmis Kaki Pak Kyai” by Emha Ainun Nadjib. The results of this study found that according to Emha is what he described in writing in the context of Kyai Sudrun's character composition. His figure is humanist and able to break the paradigm of people's thinking which often judges a daí only in terms of mere formality. Therefore, Emha embody the more substantive character of Kyai Sudrun and tried to fight the formal narrative about daí which at that time was considered the most “arabic” representation of the real daí. On the other hand, Emha daí had to show their locality without reducing the Islamic substance that had to be conveyed.

Universal coordinates and methods of reformatting an ambiguous humanitarian paradigm

In the conditions of market uncertainty, the coronavirus pandemic, the absence of an officially articulated national idea, national interests and ideology in Kazakhstan, the problem of the lack of logically justified and coordinated coordinates of systemic thinking, an unambiguous paradigm of humanitarian thinking (analytical, pedagogical, managerial, economic, etc.) is becoming more and more clearly realized as the most important conditions for personal, civil and professional self-determination. The purpose is to substantiate the general logical coordinates and methods of reformatting the ambiguous humanitarian paradigm used in the activity. The study used various methods: the ontological principle of genetically meaningful logic, the method of transformation of concrete images of objects based on their abstract essence, the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the speculative language of schematic images of thought and the language of methodological theory of activity. Logically justified universal abstract-concrete coordinates of universal motion are given. In relation to life and the world of activity, they can be concretized by coordinates: "standard of living – efficiency of activity", or "efficiency of activity – time", or "results – costs", or "quality – quantity", etc. The use of motion vectors in the logic of descent from the concrete to the abstract (NCA), ascent from the abstract to the concrete (AAC), as well as in their combination – logic CAC gives certainty to thinking. As an example, the scheme of the qualitative difference between educational (pre-professional) activities from professional ones using these methods and paired dialectical categories is given. The scheme and description of the functional model of the system object, considered as a rubicon of the transformation of educational activity into professional activity, are given. To reformat the indefinite, ambiguous paradigms of the humanities used in the activity into functional-logical, visible, constructive and unambiguous, it is recommended to use abstract-concrete coordinates, the methods given, the language of schematic images and the paradigm of the methodological theory of activity. As an example, the concept of a typical unit of activity development is given. A visible unambiguous paradigm is a necessary, but not sufficient prerequisite for adequate personal, civil and professional self-determination of a person in situations of high uncertainty. A sufficient prerequisite is the acquisition by subjects of appropriate reflexive-thinking abilities for self-determination, self-organization, self-regulation, etc.

Anthropological approach to the concept of legal values: classic, non-classical and post-non-classical

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of legal values, their classification. Analysis of legal literature led to the conclusion that legal values are considered only in line with legal positivism, which have a faade in relation to the subject of law. According to the author, anthropological approaches - classical, non-classical and post-non-classical - can become a milestone in a conceptually different understanding of the values of law. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to conduct a study of the values of law in line with anthropological research programs. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1) to describe the classical (neoclassical), non-classical and post-non-classical anthropological programs; 2) to formulate the concept of legal values and truth within the framework of three paradigms of legal thinking; 3) to classify and rank the values of law. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made: The legal value in the classical (neoclassical) anthropological paradigm lies in the safe-guarding and protection of inviolability of the biopsychophysiological integrity of the organism, which identifies an individual as a physical person. Therefore, the law has an objectified and alienated from the individual subject character. The value of law in non-classical anthropological discourse is imperative-attributive experiences (legal psyche) or intentional acts of consciousness that constitute legal reality, with which a person is identified - a legal personality. The post-non-classical model of cognition is focused on the discovery of the true essence of a person through identification with a legal being (or pure consciousness), which is an absolute value and creator of transpersonal and extra-social legal reality.

Изменение парадигмы мышления врача общей практики в связи с необходимостью внедрения Международной классификации первичной медицинской помощи (icpc-2) в Украине

Актуальность. В данной статье представлен осмотр современной классификации ICPC-2, по которой предстоит ежедневно работать врачам общей практики при оказании первичной медицинской помощи пациентам разного возраста в Украине. Описаны особенности внедрения новых подходов, применения вышеуказанной международной классификации второго пересмотра с учетом национальных особенностей организации оказания первичной медицинской помощи на стадии реформирования системы здравоохранения в Украине. Аналитический обзор полезен для врачей общей практики, для расширения их кругозора, обеспечения непрерывного процесса их самообразования, дальнейшей профессиональной деятельности врача в случае практического применения классификации ICPC-2, внедрения разработанных по ее принципу специальных информационных систем. Целью исследования стало описание основных подходов и возможностей реализации ICPC-2 для оказания первичной медицинской помощи, базирующейся на принципах общей практики-семейной медицины. Материалы и методы. В процессе исследования были использованы методы семантического оценивания научных документов, а также метод структурно-логического анализа. Результаты. Проанализирована современная классификация оказания первичной медицинской помощи ICPC второго пересмотра. Внимание уделено особенностям кодирования причин визита, установленного диагноза при оказании первичной медицинской помощи, которые будет осуществлять врач общей практики-семейной медицины с акцентом на внедрении современного синдромального подхода. Выводы. Для эффективного развития системы здравоохранения необходимо, чтобы ее фундамент (первичная медицинская помощь) соответствовал бы современному состоянию развития отрасли в целом, был адекватным современным, качественно новым экономико-правовым отношениям с учетом передового отечественного и мирового опыта. Приказом МЗ Украины № 13 от 04.01.2018 г. «О некоторых вопросах применения украиноязычного варианта Международной классификации первичной медицинской помощи (ІСРС-2-Е)» утверждена к использованию классификация, обсуждение которой происходило в этой статье. Этим же нормативным документом разрешено не только ее использование, но и разработку программ, баз данных, письменных, устных и аудиовизуальных производных от нее, поэтому в случае разработки и использования в повседневной практике соответствующих информационных систем возникнет потребность у врачей в практических и теоретических вопросах по этому поводу. Использование в повседневной практике информационных систем на базе классификации ІСРС при дальнейшем внедрении позволит упростить работу врача общей практики «в условиях неопределенности» при оказании первичной медицинской помощи.

New Systematic Solution for Resolving Nonlinear Dynamics Using System Analytical Theory Based on Engineering Science

There are many nonlinear dynamics in field of non-physical sciences, such as the food chain, economic systems, or engineering systems with the characteristics of closed or open-loop systems. The problems arising from this have been resolved by the outdated chaos theory in statistical physics based on the paradigm of logical thinking. However, it was founded by classical physicists, and it is imperfect and vague, moreover, very difficult for others. Therefore, we require a perfect systematic solution based on systems thinking, such as systems analytical methods in engineering science. Surprisingly, in 2021, a non-physicist, on behalf of a physicist, has successfully resolved the problems and achieved a new solution based on systems thinking through interdisciplinary research; moreover, it has been published. Unfortunately, most physicists do not welcome it because they have no experience and it is disadvantageous to them like the Copernican theory. In addition, they have no ability to evaluate the new solution because they do not know the analytic method. Nevertheless, non-physicists are greatly welcome it, thus, there is no problem in it. Hence, non-physicists will verify it using MATLAB or simulator and apply it to all science, on behalf of physicists. If so, non-physicists will have both a logical solution and a systematic solution for resolving nonlinear dynamics.

Media communication interaction in rural tourism

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to generalize and supplement the theoretical and methodological basis of the study of media communications in rural tourism, highlighting their main types and ways of development, as well as forming areas of communication with potential consumers of tourism products by adapting to their paradigm.
 Results. The transition of society to a new stage of information development is accompanied by increased competition between tourist destinations, changing tourist profiles of consumers, changes in the mediation system, the total use of digital technologies and significant personal transformations. This situation requires adjustment of the organization of communications in various spheres of social and economic relations, including in the rural tourism sector. The development of rural tourism in Ukraine and Europe is closely linked to the formation of a new economy and information society, based on digital technologies. The main characteristics of the information society are formed in the research. The characteristics and development trends of the tourism market in both global and national dimensions are identified. The main approaches to the definition of media communications are considered. The historical stages of the formation of media communications are studied. Information on world statistics of Internet users is given. The directions of personal reorientation of tourist consumption are determined. Paradigms of media consumer thinking are described. The expediency of its adaptation and consideration in the development of the concept of rural tourism development is substantiated.
 Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty is determined by the addition of the theoretical and methodological basis of the study in terms of adapting the paradigm of thinking of the media consumer to the concept of rural tourism.
 Practical value. The directions of media communication activity proposed in the research will be useful in developing an effective concept of rural tourism development.

Design thinking: Critical analysis and future evolution

AbstractThe importance of design as a source of value creation has been studied for decades. In the late 90s, however, a specific approach in the practice of design achieved a rapid diffusion across organizations: Design Thinking. This is a formal method for creative problem solving characterized by user‐centeredness, ideation, and iterative prototyping. The rapid diffusion of Design Thinking in practice has not been coupled with similarly rapid and robust development of its theoretical underpinnings. Most contributions have been inward‐oriented toward a confined community of scholars; therefore, the scientific discourse on Design Thinking has unfolded in a vacuum—often independently from other innovation management theories. The consequence has been that Design Thinking is often confused (especially among those new to the field) with the entire practice of design. Subsequently, we still lack an understanding on whether, why, and when Design Thinking contributes to innovation. In this editorial, we discuss the journey to the Special Issue “Design Thinking and Innovation Management: Matches, Mismatches and Future Avenues” that intends to critically reflect and enrich the scientific debate around Design Thinking. First, we aim at clarifying the distinction between “design” and “Design Thinking.” The former is a practice, to be studied; the latter is a paradigm, that is, a set of specific principles, methods, and tools to practice design. Second, we offer a brief overview of the community that has been investigating Design Thinking, a synthesis of the ten papers included in the Special Issue (distributed across this and the next issue), and show how they contribute to close the theoretical and empirical gaps with innovation studies. Finally, we suggest that the paradigm of Design Thinking is significantly contingent: its diffusion and success have been favored by the emergence of specific contextual conditions (substantially by the ubiquitous diffusion of digital technologies in direct interaction with users). As the context is dramatically shifting again, we wonder whether Design Thinking will keep its relevance and ability to support organizations in addressing the new challenges ahead? We address this question with the support of a contingent framework to position several design paradigms and suggest that the context ahead, where problems have multiple stakeholders and are undefined, will require the emergence of new paradigms characterized by a systemic (rather than user‐centered) and reflective (rather than ideative) practice. We therefore propose a few research questions that will hopefully encourage and shape future scholarly efforts into the study of the design practice for innovation in organizations.

Issues of the Paradigmatic Approach in Educational Research

The paradigmatic approach has great potentials in producing broad and profound knowledge of how education is organized and operates in certain historical conditions but has not received due attention in educational research in Vietnam. Based on knowledge from the philosophy and history of science as well as philosophy and history of education, this article discusses four key intertwined issues in employing the paradigmatic approach in educational research in relation to Kuhn’s “paradigm,” namely understanding’s Kuhn’s work, considering Foucault’s contributions to paradigmatic thinking, articulating features of paradigms in education in distinction with those in other fields, and understanding paradigm as a unit of analysis in educational research.

OPPORTUNITIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN

Tourism is an analysis of the situation in Uzbekistan in the field of medical tourism in the country without the type of activity on which promising areas of science are based. The reasons for the lack of institutionalization of medical tourism in the country as an independent type of tourism and a unified system with effective mechanisms are also identified. At the same time, special attention is paid to a comparative conceptual analysis of the concepts of recreation tourism, medical tourism, as well as a change in the factor of the paradigm of philosophical thinking in the process of dividing medical tourism from religious and esoteric visits as an independent tourist activity.

Establishing ecosystems for disruptive innovation by cross-fertilizing entrepreneurship and the arts

The article explores cross-innovation between CCIs and SMEs. To enable such innovation, the DIVA project developed a set of tools and methods, based on an analysis of field-specific stakeholder requirements. By looking at specific cases of interaction between designers and artists on one side and business firms on the other, also leaning on the Cross Innovation project and considering a wide range of secondary research, the article captures both the existing mechanisms, as well as detects tacit potentials and new possibilities for deep cross-fertilization. Based on a theoretical reference framework presented in the first part of the article, the findings of a multi-stakeholder SWOT analysis carried out by the DIVA project indicate new innovative paradigms brought about by introducing art thinking next to the predominant paradigm of design thinking within traditional industry realms. Upon the empirical evidence of analyzed cooperation potentials, a Europe-wide selection of good practice cases and through focused interviews, the article digests a set of business-needs transformations that call for a profound cross-fertilization between art and entrepreneurship. These evidence-based guidelines present the potential of a new ‘innovation catalyst’ profile who facilitates the shift from unintentional spillovers to art-thinking based crossovers.

PERBANDINGAN KONSEP RIBA DAN BUNGA BANK MENURUT YUSUF QARADHAWI DAN MUHAMMAD SAYYID THANTAWI SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERBANKAN SYARIAH

Banks exist to be the power of human economy. Problems arise related to the banking system which has narrowed to interest, it has become a controversial topic of discussion. This led to differences of opinion among contemporary scholars such as Yusuf Qaradhâwi and Muhammad Sayyid Thantawi. This difference in opinion regarding the status of interest can affect public interest in conducting transactions with banks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal status of bank interest according to Yusuf Qaradhâwi and Muhammad Sayyid Thantawi and to find out its impact on the market share of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative method with literature study. Based on the research results, the law of interest according to Muhammad Syyid Thantawi is not a prohibited riba. The istinbâth ahkam method used by Thantawi in determining the status of bank interest is Al-Qur'an, hadith, qiyas, and mashlahah mursalah. According to Yusuf Qaradhâwi, the law of interest is the same as usury. The istinbâth ahkam method used by Yusuf Qaradhâwi in determining the status of interest is Al-Qur'an, hadith, Ijma 'ulama, qiyas, and fiqh rules. Thantawi's thinking has implications for the paradigm of public thinking that the Islamic financial industry still tends to be conventional. Qradhawi's Opinion This needs to be supported considering the large number of Muslims in Indonesia, this is expected to change the paradigm of thinking of the public to conduct transactions with Islamic banks, as to increase the market share of Islamic banking in Indonesia. Keywords : Riba, Interst, Yusuf Yusuf Qaradhâwi, Muhammad Sayyid Thantawi and Market Share.

Saint Clement’s debate on Time and Eternity as a manifest for the Postmodern Spirituality

"This paper wants to be an answer to nowadays’ paradigm of thinking. Contemporary views in the philosophy of time are traditionally categorized into presentism, (live the moment) which regards only the present as real and eternal, and assigns present reality equally to the past, present, and future. As we will notes in the paper the patristic debate of time and eternity provides a very close answer as modern thinking time philosophy to the questions: What is time? What is eternity? Both answered are considering “Today” as crucial bud the patristic view of “Today” as ontological salvation and the modern view consider “Today” hedonistic. Time is given to the world only as a fleeting interval to prepare it for perfection and unchanged in eternal life. But this situation of the world in time, or its endowment with change in the review of perfection, implies that it is not of any fundamental essence or any other essence, for, in this case, it could not move towards perfection, but is created from nothing, by a personal Creator forever perfected, who planted her aspiration for him through its perfection of His power, or from the ever-increasing communion with Him. The Christian approach of time philosophy is the answer to the lost soul’s spirituality, scared by the temporal events of life like Covid 19."

THE PENOMENON OF APARTHEID TOWARD AFRICAN PEOPLE IN “ESCAPE FROM PRETORIA”: HISTORICAL APPROACH

The purpose of this research is to reveal how the phenomenon of breaking the practice of apartheid construction toward the black race in the escape from Pretoria movie. The construction of apartheid has placed the black race under the domination of the white race and this behavior is legitimate in the everyday life of society. The dichotomy that places the black race as an inferior race has become a normal habit in society. By using a historical approach, the researchers revealed how the apartheid construction was exposed through the black racial figures in the movie. Qualitative descriptions with historical approach analysis techniques were used as the method in this study. The results of this study reveal: the first, the apartheid construction phenomenon that occurred in the movie. The second is the efforts by breaking the apartheid construction from in movie. The phenomena found related to the construction of apartheid in the movie include: 1) the paradigm of society that perceives whites to be better than blacks, 2) racism. Breaking the habits is revealed through the character Tim Jenkin by changing the paradigm of thinking of the white race after escaping from a Pretoria prison.

A Comprehensive Survey of Neural Architecture Search

Deep learning has made substantial breakthroughs in many fields due to its powerful automatic representation capabilities. It has been proven that neural architecture design is crucial to the feature representation of data and the final performance. However, the design of the neural architecture heavily relies on the researchers’ prior knowledge and experience. And due to the limitations of humans’ inherent knowledge, it is difficult for people to jump out of their original thinking paradigm and design an optimal model. Therefore, an intuitive idea would be to reduce human intervention as much as possible and let the algorithm automatically design the neural architecture.Neural Architecture Search(NAS) is just such a revolutionary algorithm, and the related research work is complicated and rich. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic survey on the NAS is essential. Previously related surveys have begun to classify existing work mainly based on the key components of NAS: search space, search strategy, and evaluation strategy. While this classification method is more intuitive, it is difficult for readers to grasp the challenges and the landmark work involved. Therefore, in this survey, we provide a new perspective: beginning with an overview of the characteristics of the earliest NAS algorithms, summarizing the problems in these early NAS algorithms, and then providing solutions for subsequent related research work. In addition, we conduct a detailed and comprehensive analysis, comparison, and summary of these works. Finally, we provide some possible future research directions.

«Homo Dignus», the Legal Status of the Individual and Modern Constitutionalism (Russian, Comparative and International Context)

The article analyzes homo dignus («a worthy person») as a theoretical, constitutional and legal concept; secular and theological approaches to understanding human dignity, differences between the Roman concept of «dignitas» and the theological concept of «image of God» («imago Dei»); the problem of constitutional-legal and wider legal regulation of human dignity in the domestic and international context is investigated. The author notes that the legal concept of an individual interacts with the legal concept of human dignity and the forms of their interaction are diverse. 1) The dignity of the individual is the legal basis for the structure and elements of the legal status of man and citizen; 2) a person possesses dignity in the case of his full legal capacity, and in the case of limited or lost legal capacity; 3) the dignity is possessed by a person who can have various relations with the state: a stateless person, a citizen, a bipatride or a polypatride, an alien in the territory of the state; 4) the idea of dignity and the idea of equality, combining in the field of law, stimulate the generation of a new paradigmatic thinking in the form of equal dignity. This article substantiates the concept of «constitutionalism of human dignity» from the standpoint of the Russian, comparative and international context. The article uses methods of discursive and comparative legal analysis, the method of constitutional design, specific historical and formal legal methods of analysis. It is concluded that a complex constitutional legal institution of the personhood dignity has been gradually forming in Russia. This institution is a constitutional and legal innovation in the structure of the foundations of the legal status of a person and citizen

Merajut Jati Diri Profetis Guru Agama Katolik Dalam Era Milenial

There are two dangers of millennial era: economism and simulacra. Economism can change paradigm of thinking: from “unconditional love” to profit-capitalist calculations. A created simulacra is capable of reconstructing society to be a hyperreality world, that is, a society which does not understand reality as such but what the realtity is referred to or designed for economic interests (consumptive society). This danger becomes a serious pastoral challenge toprophetic role of Catholic Religion Teacher. One of possible solutions is to strengthen teacher ’sidentity through some modes: first, to live out the task as a vocation; second, living acovenant spirituality; third, being an agent of God’s image/likeness; fourth, to bear witness as disciples of Christ. These four modes, undoubtedly, will help Catholic teachers to play a professional and prophetic role.

Embedding Design Thinking Paradigm in a University's Business Assistance to Small Business.

Interest gaps exist between the university and the small firms when running a business assistance program, leading to the importance of practical guidance that could accommodate both partners’ interests. However, there is relatively little literature about how the university team should implement business assistance to a small partnering firm. Accordingly, this research used three stages and a mixed-method approach to solve the problem, involving qualitative and quantitative techniques and action research. This study introduced PROSEM, an acronym for problem rooting, solution treatment, and measurement, to guide university business assistance to small firms by adopting the design thinking paradigm. The results revealed a significant impact on the SME’s business performance. The PROSEM process further proved that a measurable and well-planned treatment based on the root causes could increase revenue and production volume and reduce the returned product rate. At the same time, this study enriches researchers’ knowledge and skills in developing the concept and guidelines of a systematic problem-solving method using unique, real cases in the small business community. As such, the PROSEM affirms that design thinking is an open and adjustable concept which can be embedded and modified in various problem-solving procedures.

Acute Care Decision-Making for Patients with Advanced Dementia: An Exploratory Study Using Cognitive Task Analysis

Decision-making by medical and health care staff forms the core of professional practice. Thought processes, including non-clinical considerations, significantly impact how clinical decisions are made. Such considerations become more relevant when addressing end-of-life care decisions for patients with advanced dementia (PAD). Though palliative care is recommended for this population, its implementation tends to vary. Given the medical staff’s significant influence in guiding clinical decisions, we examined thought processes that accompany staff decisions. We used Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) to analyze interviews conducted with 15 physicians and 11 nurses working in acute care wards in Central Israel. Participants were interviewed regarding their clinical decision-making in a hypothetical scenario of a PAD who presents with an acute, potentially life-threatening medical problem. Moral judgment orientation was the primary factor affecting clinical decision-making for advanced dementia, with a pronounced dichotomous split between deontological and utilitarian approaches. This polarization was highly associated with the medical specialty. Practitioners in surgical wards tended to focus on the patient’s current medical condition, as an isolated or disease-centered illness perspective, supported by deontological moral lines of thinking. This perspective was contrary to that of staff in medical wards who mostly treated the patient from a holistic perspective with a patient-focus approach, supported by utilitarian moral lines of thinking. Although all respondents presented the patient or family as primary decision partners, the practitioners were motivated to make decisions based on unit hierarchies or positions of authority figures. Therefore, clinical end-of-life decisions are influenced by different thinking processes of the health staff and several non-clinical factors. The moral thinking paradigm was found to be associated with a professional orientation. Understanding the subjective, non-clinical aspects of decision-making for PAD might improve end-of-life care in this population.

ЗМІНА ПАРАДИГМ ВОЄННО-ПОЛІТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ У ДОКТРИНАХ ТА СТРАТЕГІЯХ ВОЄННОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ XX–XXI СТОЛІТЬ

The time limits of the life of one generation are about 25-30 years, so lived in the struggle for building its own state and its armed defence, this time for Ukraine goes down in the history of the first generation of creation and attempts to comply with four military doctrines (1993-2004-2012-2015), in which our own defence course was proclaimed. The theoretical basis of these official documents of significance were certain paradigms of military-political thinking, according to which Ukraine did not consider it a continuation of politics. The direction and principles of military policy (defence or security policy in European terminology) for modern Ukraine from the mid-20s of the XIX century, as well as 100 years ago, again came to the fore in connection with the implementation of previously abstract concepts " annexation "," occupation "," war ", which allegedly did not exist for our country in recent history. But today they have been embodied or, in the image of Franz Kafka, "reincarnated" into threatening forms of Russia's military practice against our state, the end of which is not yet visible in the near future. The military-theoretical and political response was the "Military Strategy of Ukraine" in 2021, which "opened" a new generation of paradigms of militarypolitical thinking. The main thesis is the belief that the protection of sovereignty and strengthening of military security is the military-theoretical and political response was the "Military Strategy of Ukraine" in 2021, which "opened" a new generation of paradigms of military-political thinking. The main thesis is the belief that the protection of sovereignty and strengthening of military security is the creation of a "comprehensive defence system" with the integration of all forces of the state and civil society, law enforcement agencies and volunteers, administrative regions and territorial communities. The military-theoretical and political response was the "Military Strategy of Ukraine" in 2021, which "opened" a new generation of paradigms of military-political thinking. We will prove that this is a philosophy of military security instead of the previously expressed doctrinal military-political ideas of entrusting a matter of national importance to the forces of the defence sector. The new generation of public life Ukraine will begin with a new paradigm of militarypolitical thinking, the central idea of which is the transition from hopes for the political levers of defence for international cooperation to the creation of a system of comprehensive national security with the synergistic potential of Ukrainianity.

A Futurist Turn in the Humanities

A Futurist Turn in the Humanities Mikhail Epstein (bio) THE ART OF THE HUMANITIES The creative aspect of the humanities has not yet found its recognition in the established classification of academic disciplines. The crucial question may be formulated as follows: are the humanities a purely scholarly field, or should there be some active, constructive supplement to them? There are three major branches of knowledge established in academia: natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities. Technology serves as the practical extension ("application") of the natural sciences, and politics as the extension of the social sciences. Both technology and politics are designed to transform what their respective disciplines study: nature and society. Is there, then, any activity in the humanities that would correspond to this transformative status of technology and politics? In the following schema, the third line demonstrates a blank space, indicating the open status of the practical applications of the humanities: Nature – natural sciences – technology – transformation of nature Society – social sciences – politics – transformation of society Culture – the humanities – ? – transformation of culture The question mark suggests that we need a practical branch of the humanities that will function like technology and politics but [End Page 593] is specific to the cultural domain. The tendency in the "applied humanities" up to this point has been to technologize or politicize these disciplines, that is, to subject them to the practical modalities of natural or social sciences. "The digital humanities" or "the humanities at the service of ideology" are examples of such subjugation. We need a practical branch of the humanities which resonates with technology and politics, but is specific to the cultural domain. The simplest term for this transformative branch of the humanities would be the transhumanities—the humanities that aim to transform the area of their studies. The transformative humanities encompass all humanistic technologies, all practical applications of cultural theories. When offering a certain theory, we need to ask ourselves if it is able to inaugurate a new cultural or linguistic practice, an artistic movement, a disciplinary field, a new institution, or a lifestyle. Generally speaking, the humanities can be perceived as art or scholarship, and what I suggest is the resurrection of the art of the humanities.1 This includes the art of building new intellectual communities, new paradigms of thinking and modes of communication, rather than simply studying or criticizing the products of culture. We should bear in mind that the humanities constitute the level of meta-art, different from the primary arts of literature, painting, or music, all of which comprise the objects of humanistic inquiry. The fact that the humanities belong to this meta-discursive level does not preclude their practical, productive orientation. The humanities do not produce works of art, but rather generate new cultural positions, movements, perspectives, and modes of reflexivity. Without practical applications, the humanities are what botany would be without cultivation of plants, forestry, and gardening, or cosmology without practical exploration of outer space. Scholarship becomes scholasticism. But what impact does cultural theory have on contemporary culture, or poetics on living poetry? It should be one of the tasks of literary scholarship to project new ways of writing; a task of linguistics to create new signs, lexical units, and grammatical models that would expand the richness and expressive power of language; and a task of philosophy to project new universals and universes, the alternative worlds that may become more palpable and habitable through the advance of technology. This group of practical disciplines—translinguistics, transaesthetics, transpoetics, etc.—aim to transform those areas of culture which are studied [End Page 594] by the corresponding scholarly disciplines of linguistics, aesthetics, and poetics. One of the broadest applications can be assigned to translinguistics, or "language design," which creates artificial languages or introduces new directions for the development of natural languages. Ludwik Zamenhof's project, the international language Esperanto (first introduced in 1887), obviously does not belong to the field of linguistics properly, though it derives from profound and creative linguistic scholarship. The comparative analysis of existing languages allowed Zamenhof to synthesize a new language that combines in its grammar and vocabulary Roman, German, and Slavic elements and now has about one to two million speakers worldwide. Another...