Papillary Pattern Research Articles

PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA WITH ADENOID CYSTIC FEATURES: A CYTOPATHOLOGY CASE REPORT

Introduction: Adenoid cystic pattern in papillary thyroid carcinoma is a rare nding. Here w Case description: e present a case of a 62 years old female who came with the complaint of swelling in the midline of the neck since last 7 years. Local examination revealed a rm to hard mass of size approximately 8 x 6 cm in the midline of the neck which moved with deglutition. Another swelling of size 3.5 x 2.5 cm was found in the posterior scalp.MRI neck showed a lobulated mass measuring 7.1 x 6.4 x 8.0 cm in right lobe of thyroid, causing mass effect over adjacent larynx and trachea. MRI brain revealed a well-dened soft tissue mass lesion measuring 3.6 x 3.3 x 3.4 cm in right parietal bone causing lytic destruction of bony calvaria. Ultrasonography of whole abdomen revealed two well dened lesions in liver, suggesting possibility of metastasis/ hemangioma. On ne needle aspiration of neck swelling, cellular smears showing cells arranged in clusters, microfollicles, vague papillary pattern alongwith abundant hyaline globules, nuclear grooving and nuclear inclusions were present, suggestive of papillary thyroid carcinoma with adenoid cystic pattern. FNA of the scalp swelling showed similar features, suggestive of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma with adenoid cystic features. Discussion: Though rare, papillary thyroid carcinoma with adenoid cystic features should be differentiated from metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of larynx and salivary glands, which at times is challenging.

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Breast: Single-Center Experience.

Breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation are extremely rare. The aim was to discuss breast cancer cases with NE differentiation in the light of World Health Organization 2019 classification and literature information. The pathology records of 56 cases diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and/or breast cancers with NE differentiation presenting to a single center between January 2010 and June 2020 were evaluated. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, tumor size, location, histological grade, hormone profiles (ER, PR, HER2), guideline American Joint Committee on Cancer, lymph node status, stage, metastases, progression, survival, radiological features, surgery type and therapy modality. The age of the patients ranged from 34 to 81 years. Average tumor size was 2.3 cm. Median (range) follow up time was 31.5 (1-73 month). Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 20 cases. In our series, NE differentiation mostly accompanied invasive carcinoma of no special type, less frequently solid papillary carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma.Four patients had a history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Response to treatment was very poor in all four cases. Synaptophysin and chromogranin were positive in 38 cases. No correlation was found among tumor size, grade, age, lymph node status, and presence of distant metastasis in our series. Clinical features and morphology may not help to distinguish NET from other subtypes of breast cancer. Therefore, the morphologic findings of a nested or trabecular architecture, nuclear or cytoplasmic features of NE differentiation, mucin production, or solid papillary growth pattern should prompt a pathologist to order NE markers.

Prospective directions for the development of means and methods for detection and fixation of handprints

Identification by fingerprints remains one of the most common ways of proving the involvement of persons in the commission of a criminal offense in law enforcement practice around the world. Over the past hundred years, the methodology of detecting and collecting fingerprints at the scene has evolved from the first attempts to use carbon black and metal powders (at the end of the 19th century) to the use of modern fluorescent powders and molecularly selective chemical compounds.
 The type of surface and its condition affect the choice of one or another means of finding and developing a papillary pattern. According to empirical data, difficulties arise when working with heterogeneous surfaces, leather products, granular and porous materials. Until recently, the search for prints at the scene has been negated by contamination of surfaces, as well as the presence of moisture or organic liquids. It was practically impossible to develop outdated traces, as well as to determine the approximate time of leaving the trace. The analysis of the latest foreign publications has shown significant achievements that help to effectively solve the above problems, significantly expanding the arsenal of forensic tools and methods of working with traces at the scene.
 Physical methods of detecting traces have received significant development. Among them, it can be singled out the use of luminescent dactyloscopic powders, which better visualize papillary patterns under UV and IR special lighting. Silicon nanoparticles with the addition of dyes, depending on the color of the surface, have shown a better result compared to the cyanoacrylate method.
 The scientists have managed to improve the results regarding the detection of outdated traces by combining homogeneous chemical compounds. The main ones among them are ninhydrin, which works well with dirty and wet surfaces, as well as silver nitrate and DFO solution, which reacts with organic secretions of human skin well. A vacuum deposition method (VMD) has proven to be effective, making visible prints on the surfaces of four-year-old organic plastic. The direction of immunological research of the sebaceous trace of a finger for taking samples for a DNA profile remains relevant. The presented review of foreign and domestic experience has indicated the continuation of active searches for improving methods and means of working with traces.

Abstract B019: Discrete regulation of the collagen proteome among pathological features in DCIS and invasive breast cancer by mass spectrometry tissue imaging

Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is characterized by inter-tumor heterogeneity that poses a therapeutic challenge due to its unpredictable recurrence and progression to invasive breast cancer (IBC). In recent publications, collagen stromal differences have been reported between patients that progressed to IBC (progressors) and those that did not (non-progressors). However, details on the role spatial regulation of the collagen proteome might play in this progression have yet to be studied. Here, we investigated the pathological distribution of collagen post-translational modifications in a cohort of patients classified as progressors with ipsilateral IBC recurrence compared to non-progressors. Previously published methods for collagen proteomics by targeted tissue mass spectrometry imaging were used. The method reports collagen types and post-translational modifications within the collagen triple-helical region as well as approximately 40 other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in the regulation of collagen fibers. Initial studies investigated collagen variation in lumpectomies (n=7) with DCIS, DCIS plus invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or IDC only. Over 590 peptides were found to be linked to annotated pathologies. A preliminary comparison of DCIS (n=2392 spectra) to IBC (n=4696 spectra) using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) ≥0.85 demonstrated that 47 peptides could individually discriminate between DCIS and IBC in this limited cohort. Image segmentation of the 405,652 pixels demonstrated 11 high-level hierarchical groups designating unique spatially localized ECM proteomic groups; these groups overlaid with histopathological features and pathological annotations. A total of 87 samples from the Resource of Archival Breast Tissue (RAHBT) matched with clinical characteristics were also investigated. Cores were histologically diverse within the tissue microarrays, with cribriform, micropapillary, papillary, solid, and comedo necrosis architectural patterns. Initial results suggest certain peptides may differentiate between non-progressors and progressors with ipsilateral IBC recurrence. Our current work focuses on correlating collagen signatures to mixed pathologies and the cellular content of cores. Further investigation of the collagen proteome is warranted. Overall, the data suggest unique collagen signatures in DCIS that could be useful for understanding recurrence and progression to IBC. Citation Format: Taylor S. Hulahan, Elizabeth N. Wallace, Siri H. Strand, Robert Michael Angelo, Graham Colditz, Eun-Sil Shelley Hwang, Robert West, Laura Spruill, Jeffrey R. Marks, Richard R. Drake, Peggi M. Angel. Discrete regulation of the collagen proteome among pathological features in DCIS and invasive breast cancer by mass spectrometry tissue imaging [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr B019.

FINGERPRINT MARKERS OF DELINQUENCY IN THE GROUP OF SERIAL KILLERS AND SUICIDES

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of a number of combinations of types of papillary finger patterns, most characteristic of a group of serial killers and a group of suicides. It is established that combinatorics is most characteristic for both groups, in which the sum of the pattern codes of the index and middle fingers is equal to the value of the pattern code of the ring finger (right hand). The frequency of its occurrence in both comparison groups is 10%, which is about 10 times more frequent than in the control. Considering that papillary patterns are innate signs, the commonality of dermatoglyphic signs in serial killers and suicides indicates the influence of a biological factor on the likelihood of delinquent and deviant behaviors in humans (at least in some people).

Features of lymph node metastasis depending on intratumoral heterogeneity of non-small cell lung cancer in patients with different morphological changes in the bronchial epithelium

The aim of the study: to examine the relationship between the morphological diversity of non-small cell lung cancer and the frequency of lymph node metastasis in groups of patients with different epithelial conditions in the bronchi adjacent to the tumor. Material and methods. Surgical specimens from 90 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, who were treated in the Thoracoabdominal Department Of The Research Institute Of Oncology Of The Tomsk National Research Medical Center in the period from 2009 to 2017 were studied. The histological type of cancer was determined according to the who classification (2020). Lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, solid and solitary tumor cells were isolated in the parenchymal component of adenocarcinoma. In the parenchymal component of squamous cell carcinoma, 5 types of structures were distinguished: with keratinization, consisting of atypical cells of the prickly type without keratinization, consisting of atypical cells of the basaloid type, built of atypical cells with pronounced polymorphism, single tumor cells. Results. In patients with isolated basal cell hyperplasia, acinar (37 %), papillary (29 %) and solid (27 %) patterns were found less frequently in cases with metastatic regional lymph nodes compared to those without metastatic lymph nodes (63 %; p=0.05; 71 %; p=0.05; 73 %; p=0.01, respectively). In patients with isolated basal cell hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelium, in cases with the presence of lymph node metastasis in the parenchymal component of squamous cell carcinoma, structures 1 (with keratinization) (17 %), 2 (spiky pattern) (33 %) and 4 (polymorphic pattern) (29 %) were less frequently detected compared to those without metastases in regional lymph nodes (83 %; p=0.01; 67 %; p=0.02 and 71 %; p=0.01, respectively). In patients with a combination of basal cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia, a spiny pattern (65 %), a basaloid pattern (100 %), a polymorphic pattern (82 %) and single tumor cells (89 %) were more frequently detected in cases with metastatic lymph nodes than in cases without metastatic lymph nodes (35 %; р=0.04; 0 %; р=0.01; 18 %; р=0.01; 11 %; р=0.01, respectively). Conclusion. The data obtained clarify the available information on the significance of the morphological heterogeneity of the tumor for predicting the course of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological analysis of nineteen cases

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, and molecular signatures of oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (OPRCC), and to compare these findings with those in type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC 1). Methods: The clinicopathologic data of 19 patients with OPRCC from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (16 patients) and the 971 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy (3 patients) from October 2003 to February 2021 were collected. Histologic, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular analyses, together with a control group of 15 cases of PRCC I diagnosed in the same period, were assessed. Results: The cohort included 15 males and 4 females, with a median age of 61 years (range, 47-78 years). In 13 patients the tumors were found at physical examination; four presented with painless gross hematuria and two with low back pain. As for the pathologic stage, 14 patients were pT1, one patient was pT2a, three patients were pT3a and one patient was pT4. The tumor size ranged from 1.7-14.0 cm, with clear boundary and soft texture. The cut surface was grayish-yellow and grayish-red. Microscopically, the tumor cells were mainly arranged in papillary (10%-100%) and acinar (tubular) patterns, with strongly eosinophilic cytoplasm, round or irregular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli (WHO/ISUP grade Ⅲ). Two cases showed sarcomatoid differentiation. Stromal foamy macrophages were visible in all cases. IHC staining showed diffuse strong positivity for AMACR in all cases. RCC (18/19), CD10 (17/19), vimentin (16/19) and PAX8 (17/19) were positive in most tumors. CK7 was expressed in about 50% of cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization identified trisomy 7 in eight patients, trisomy 17 in seven patients, and the two aberrations occurred simultaneously in seven cases. Eight of 13 men had Y chromosome deletion. All patients were followed up for 8-120 months. Three patients died of metastases at 8, 62 and 82 months postoperatively, respectively, and one patient relapsed 36 months after surgery. Compared with PRCC1, OPRCC tended to have higher nuclear grade, and stromal foam cell aggregation was more commonly found (P<0.05). The expression of CD10 and EMA were different (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the two groups (P=0.239). Conclusions: OPRCC has unique morphologic features, and its immunophenotype overlaps but differs from PRCC1. The molecular results support that it belongs to a morphologic variation of PRCC. This tumor has similar biologic behavior to PRCC1, and has a poor prognosis when sarcomatoid differentiation occurs.

A Parotid Gland Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma in a 4-Year-Old Boy: Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is characterized by similar histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features with breast secretory carcinoma. MASC usually occurs in adults. Case report: A 4-year-old boy presented with a right infra-auricular mass. Features of the tumor include solid, tubular, and papillary growth patterns, with homogenous eosinophilic secretions inside microcystic structures. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong, diffuse staining for CK7, S100, pan-TRK protein. P63 was positive in a peripheral pattern. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed the characteristic ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Conclusion: Typical histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features are present in MASC occurring early in childhood.

Diagnostic Utility of Galectin-3 in Papillary Lesions of Thyroid

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the neck. Most cases of PTC are diagnosed based on pathologic criteria. However, few thyroid lesions that mimic nuclear features or the architecture of PTC pose diagnostic problems. Papillary projections may be encountered in benign papillary hyperplasia of multinodular goiter, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and Graves’ disease. For this reason, the approach to these challenging lesions should include immunohistochemistry. Galectin-3(Gal-3) is an immunohistochemical marker that shows positivity in PTC. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether strong galectin-3 expression is an essential hallmark of PTC or papillary thyroid hyperplasia.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Gal-3 expression was sought by immunohistochemistry in 33 cases of papillary patterns (on microscopy) of thyroid specimens received at our institution. The results obtained were statistically analysed.&#x0D; Result and Conclusion: Of the 33 cases studied, 17 were PTC, and 16 were papillary hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical stain with Galectin -3 revealed a statistically significant P – value, which proves the tendency for Galectin -3 expression is higher in PTC than in papillary hyperplasia.

Human papillomavirus–related condyloma on keratinized skin

Human papillomavirus–related condyloma on keratinized skin

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DERMATOGLYPHIC FEATURES OF HUMAN HANDS AND FEET IN TERMS OF IDENTIFICATION

The article presents generalized data on the possibility of using dermatoglyphiccharacteristics of a person in terms of the latest approaches to the identifi cation of an unknown person. Morphological characteristics of papillary patterns of hands and feet, their topography and types are given. Quantitative and qualitative features of dermatoglyphs are presented, which may be useful in terms of factor features for the identifi cation of an unknown person. Data on the possibility of using artificial neural networks in forensic identifi cation examinations using dermatoglyphs are given.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Mimicking Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma with a Literature Review: A Rare Variant Detected Serendipitously.

Invasive lobular carcinoma with papillary features is a newly proposed variant which presents as a relatively well-circumscribed mass lesion with at least partial peripheral thickened fibrous capsule and central delicate fibrovascular cores, morphologically mimicking encapsulated papillary carcinoma or solid papillary carcinoma. There are only 5 cases described in literature. We here report an interesting example of invasive lobular carcinoma with papillary growth pattern surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule, mimicking encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC). The lobular nature of the tumor was confirmed by the absence of membranous expression of E-cadherin and p120 catenin. The lobular cytological features are subtle in this variant and may be overlooked. Differentiation of this variant from papillary carcinomas is crucial for correct tumor categorization, staging and most importantly, proper treatment.

AI in NSCLC: PET-CT &amp; histology model.

e21044 Background: Almost 70% of cases of lung cancer are diagnosed at advanced stage, albeit with sophisticated imaging modalities available. Of these, 35% are tiny nodules that are often missed at initial radiological screening, owing to limitations of resolution of human vision.Dramatic shift in therapeutic paradigm in the management of lung cancer in the last decade has ushered an era of stratified medicine. In India, one-third population inhabits rural lands;lack of awareness for molecular medicine poses challenges to treating oncologists. AI-based cancer detection and prediction of potential oncogenic driver at diagnosis, will help alleviate patient anxiety caused due to diagnostic delays, aiding in prompt initiation of optimal therapy.Here, a comprehensive deep-CNN based diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was implemented using both PET/CT and histopathology images of 100 patients. Methods: Data collection: 143 whole-slide images were downloaded from Dartmouth Lung Cancer Histology Dataset from Biomedical Informatics Research and Data Science website and PET/CT dataset-A Large-Scale CT and PET/CT Dataset for Lung Cancer Diagnosis (Lung-PET-CT-Dx) from The Cancer Imaging Archive. This comprises 251,135 images from 355 participants across 436 studies. Creation of Deep-CNN model: Residual Neural Network - 18 was used for histopathlogic classification followed by Detectron2’s region-based deep-CNN for detection of presence of tumours in lung PET/CT images. Properties such as size, morphology, attenuation, malignancy, and spiculation were also measured. The 18-layer deep network, ResNet-18, detected the histologic patterns using whole-slide histopathology images. Results: Results for 100 patients whose PET/CT images, histopathology images, and mutational status of three genes (EGFR, ALK, ROS) were readily available. The histologic patterns of tumour cells appear to be related to the mutational status of genes. The ResNet-18 CNN could predict various histologic patterns (Acinar, Lepidic, Papillary, Micropapillary, and Solid patterns). Conclusions: CNN models can help in early diagnosis and prompt treatment of lung cancer, if fairly accurate. Larger datasets are needed to improve the same. The final validation of the model is underway and will be reported in near future.[Table: see text]

Bovine intracranial neoplasia: A retrospective case series.

This case series describes the clinical and pathological findings of intracranial neoplasms in cattle, a rare entity. Data and archived tissues from 24 intracranial tumors were reviewed and investigated by immunohistochemistry for S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, pancytokeratin, vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. Ages of affected cattle ranged from 6 months to 14 years (5.7 ± 3.6 years; mean ± SD). Predominant clinical signs were altered mental state, central vestibular dysfunction, and cerebellar incoordination. Twelve gliomas, all high grade, were the most common tumors observed: oligodendrogliomas (n = 6), astrocytomas (n = 4), and undefined gliomas (n = 2). The oligodendrogliomas were located in the brainstem and extended into the ventricles, whereas all astrocytomas were located in the forebrain. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene mutation as described in humans was not detected. The 5 meningiomas exhibited microcystic, chordoid, atypical, papillary, and anaplastic subtypes. Metastatic carcinomas (n = 4) were the only secondary tumor type present, and these were located at the level of the medulla with infiltration of cranial nerves and in one case leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. In addition, 2 medulloblastomas and 1 choroid plexus carcinoma were diagnosed. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin and pancytokeratin was particularly useful to distinguish meningiomas and choroid plexus carcinoma (positive for vimentin only) from mestastatic carcinomas (positive for cytokeratin only) as all showed a papillary growth pattern. Overall, the morphological features were comparable with other species and the human and canine classifications could be applied.

Pathological and Prognostic Characterization of Craniopharyngioma Based on the Expression of TrkA, β-Catenin, Cell Cycle Markers, and BRAF V600E Mutation.

We collected 61 craniopharyngioma (CP) specimens to investigate the expression of TrkA, β-catenin, BRAF gene mutation, and NTRK1 fusion in CP. There were 37 male and 24 female individuals with a median age of 34 years (range, 4–75 years). Histologically, there were 46 cases of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP), 14 cases of papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP), and 1 case with a mixed adamantinomatous and papillary pattern. By immunohistochemistry, we found that moderate/high TrkA expression was detected in 47% (28/60) CP and was significantly higher in adult patients (p = 0.018). Interestingly, TrkA is more expressed in “whorled epithelium” cells in ACP, similar to the localization of abnormal β-catenin. The abnormal expression rate of β-catenin was 70% (43/61), and the medium/high cyclin D1 expression rate was 73% (44/60), both of which were significantly higher in ACP than in PCP. Of the CP, 41% (21/51) had a moderate/strong P16-positive signal; 58% (34/59) showed a high Ki-67 expression, and there was a significant correlation between high Ki-67 L.I. and high tumor recurrence (p = 0.021). NTRK1 fusion was not found in CP by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). By PCR, 26% (15/58) CP showed BRAF V600E gene mutation, which mainly occurred in PCP (100%, 14/14) except one case of mixed CP. Moreover, TrkA expression was negatively correlated with Ki-67 index and positively correlated with P16 expression. There was a significantly negative correlation between BRAF V600E mutation and abnormal β-catenin expression. Our results demonstrate for the first time that TrkA expression might occur in CP, especially in adult CP patients, and suggest that cyclin D1 could be used for ACP histological classification in addition to β-catenin and BRAF V600E mutation, while Ki-67 could be used as a marker to predict CP recurrence.

Cytomorphometric and flow cytometric analyses using liquid-based cytology materials in subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma.

The histological classifications of invasive lung adenocarcinoma subtypes are considered to predict patient prognosis after surgical treatment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate cytomorphological characteristics and proliferative activities among the histological predominant patterns by performing cytomorphometric and flow cytometric analyses using liquid-based cytology materials. Cytological samples fixed by liquid-based cytology preservatives from 53 surgically-resected lung adenocarcinoma specimens were obtained between August 2018 and November 2019. The Papanicolaou-stained and paired Ki-67-stained slides were analyzed for calculating nuclear morphology (nuclear area, nuclear perimeter and nuclear circularity) and Ki-67 labeling index using software. The cell proliferation index (CPIx) was calculated and cellular information including cell cycle stage of tumor cells was obtained by flow cytometry. The 53 cases included papillary (n=29), acinar (n=8), lepidic (n=5), and solid (n=4) subtypes, and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (n=7) were also included. In the lepidic pattern, nuclear area (79.6 ± 28.8μm2 ) and perimeter (34.1 ± 6.1μm) were relatively larger and longer than those of the other predominant patterns. The Ki-67 labeling index of the solid pattern (27.9 ± 12.5%) was highest compared with those of other predominant patterns. There were statistically significant differences in the lepidic versus solid patterns and the papillary versus solid patterns (p=.013 and p=.039, respectively). The calculated mean CPIx of the lepidic and the acinar patterns were approximately two-fold higher than those of the other predominant patterns. By revealing the differences of cytomorphological characteristics, these methodologies might be used for diagnosing cytopathological materials using digital cytopathology.

Clinicopathological Implications of the BRAF V600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma of Ukrainian Patients Exposed to the Chernobyl Radiation in Childhood: A Study for 30 Years After the Accident.

With time after the Chernobyl accident, the number of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) driven by the BRAFV600E oncoprotein is growing in patients exposed to radiation at a young age. Clinicopathological associations of BRAFV600E in PTCs from patients with internal radiation history have not been sufficiently studied so far. This work analyzes the structural characteristics, proliferative activity, invasive features, clinical information, and dosimetric data in the BRAFV600E-positive and BRAFV600E-negative PTCs from the Ukrainian patients exposed to Chernobyl radiation and treated over 30 years after the accident. The study included 428 PTCs from patients aged 4–49 years at surgery who lived in the six northern regions of Ukraine most contaminated by 131I, were ≤18 years of age at the time of exposure, and were operated on from 1990 to 2017. Immunohistochemical staining for BRAFV600E was performed with the VE1 antibody. The probability of causation (POC) of a tumor due to radiation was determined using an interactive online NIH/NCI software. BRAFV600E was detected in 136/428 (31.8%) PTCs. In comparison with the BRAFV600E-negative PTCs, the BRAFV600E-positivity was associated with older patient age at the accident and at surgery, a longer period of latency, and lower POC. The BRAFV600E-positive PTCs were characterized by smaller tumor size, higher Ki67 labeling index, more frequent oncocytic changes, multifocality, and dominant papillary growth pattern. Tumor invasive features were less frequent in the BRAFV600E-positive PTCs and did not change with POC level. Despite a less aggressive tumor phenotype, BRAFV600E was a risk factor for recurrence, namely radioiodine-refractory (RAI-R) recurrent metastases. Multivariate models of RAI-R included BRAFV600E and/or histopathological parameters closely correlating with BRAFV600E such as tumor size, multifocality, dominant papillary growth pattern, or oncocytic changes. Thus, the BRAFV600E-positive PTCs from patients from a high-risk group for radiogenic thyroid cancer diagnosed in the 30 years after the Chernobyl accident did not display higher invasiveness regardless of POC level, but in view of the prognostic impact of this genetic alteration, knowledge of the BRAF status may be beneficial for middle-aged patients with radiogenic PTC considered for RAI therapy, and suggests more careful follow-up of patients with the BRAFV600E-positive tumors.

The T Category of Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma: A Comparative Analysis With Invasive Tumor Thickness.

The T category of distal extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (DBDC) is based on invasion depth from the basal lamina to the deepest infiltrating tumor cells. Recently, invasive tumor thickness (ITT) was proposed, defined as maximal vertical distance of invasive tumor components regardless of the basal lamina. We compared the predictive value of T category, and ITT grading in 424 surgically resected DBDCs. DBDCs were categorized as 6 Tis (1.4%), 134 T1 (<5 mm; 31.6%), 204 T2 (5 to 12 mm; 48.1%), and 80 T3 (>12 mm; 18.9%). With ITT, there were 6 G0 (no invasion; 1.4%), 3 G1 (<1 mm; 0.7%), 90 G2 (≥1 and <5 mm; 21.2%), 188 G3 (≥5 and <10 mm; 44.4%), and 137 G4 (≥10 mm; 32.3%). The 5-year survival rates of T1, T2, and T3 were 58.9%, 44.2%, and 18.2%, and those of ITT G1, G2, G3, and G4 were 33.3%, 54.1%, 51.6%, and 26.7%, respectively. The T category discriminated patient survival by overall (P<0.001) and pairwise (T1 vs. T2, P=0.007; T2 vs. T3, P<0.001) comparisons. ITT grading distinguished survival by overall and between G3-G4 (both P<0.001), with no survival differences observed between G1-G2 and G2-G3 comparisons. The T category more accurately discriminated patient survival than ITT grading. To determine the T category for DBDCs, (1) longitudinal sectioning on gross examination, especially for DBDCs with large papillary or nodular growth patterns; (2) evaluation of serial sections or alternative hematoxylin and eosin slides; (3) use of a straight or curved baseline depending on the shape of the peritumoral normal bile duct wall and/or the basal lamina of the peritumoral normal biliary epithelia/biliary intraepithelial neoplasias are recommended.

Clinicopathological features of NTRK3 gene rearrangement papillary thyroid carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of NTRK3 gene rearrangement thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC). Methods: The PTC cases without BRAF V600E mutation were collected at Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch from January 2015 to January 2020. The cases of NTRK3 gene rearrangement PTC were examined using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical data, histopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features and molecular pathological changes were retrospectively analyzed. Data from the TCGA PTC dataset and the literature were also studied. Results: A total of 3 PTC cases harboring NTRK3 gene rearrangement were confirmed. All the patients were female, aged from 26,49,34 years. Histologically, two of them demonstrated a multinodular growth pattern. Only one case showed prominent follicular growth pattern; the other two tumors showed a mixture of follicular, papillary and solid growth patterns. All tumors showed a typical PTC nuclear manifestation, with some nuclear pleomorphism, vacuolated foci and oncocytic features. The characteristic formation of glomeruloid follicular foci was present in two cases which also showed psammoma bodies, and tumoral capsular or angiolymphatic invasion. The background thyroid parenchyma showed chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Mitotic rates were low, and no cases had any tumor necrosis. The pan-TRK and TTF1 testing was both positive in 3 cases, while S-100 and mammaglobin were both negative in them. FISH studies confirmed the NTRK3 gene rearrangement in all 3 cases. Studies on the TCGA datasets and literature revealed similar findings. Conclusions: NTRK3 gene rearrangement PTC is rare. It may be easily misdiagnosed due to the lack of histological and clinicopathological characteristics. Molecular studies such as pan-TRK immunostaining, FISH and even next-generation sequencing are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry of pan-TRK performed in the PTC cases without BRAF V600E mutation can be used as a good rapid-screening tool. With the emergence of pan-cancer tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitors, proper diagnosis of these tumors can help determine appropriate treatments and improve their outcomes.

Application of digital technologies in fingerprinting (transition to creation, storage and research of materials in electronic format)

The subject of the study is the fixation of traces and impressions of papillary patterns of fingers and palms of hands with digital devices and scanners. The research methodology is based on the analysis of modern scientific provisions and expert practice on digital technologies used in fingerprinting. Attention is paid to private scientific methods of cognition: description, comparison of signs of papillary patterns obtained electronically. The empirical component of the study confirms the need to obtain fingerprint information by the traditional method - by using printing ink to stain papillary patterns of fingers and palms of hands, which makes it suitable not only for fingerprinting, but also for poro- and ejeoscopic examination. В The main conclusions of the study conducted by the authors on the use of digital technologies in fingerprinting in electronic format is that when fixing and scanning a papillary pattern, proper image quality is not provided, small details (hook, peephole, fragment) are distorted, and private features are lost. When processing fingerprint information by scanners, errors are made, technical failures occur in the operation of the ADIS. Illustrative materials of poor quality cast doubt on the reliability and evidentiary power of fingerprint examination. Comparative study of handprints and fingerprints of the persons being checked with the help of ADIS "Papilon" can be used only as an auxiliary method.