Paperboard Industry Research Articles

Systematic selection of international markets using a hybrid multi-criteria approach: A study in the paper and paperboard industry

Systematic selection of international markets using a hybrid multi-criteria approach: A study in the paper and paperboard industry

Assessment and Mapping of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation in and Around Areas of Paper Board Industry

Water has become a scarce commodity due to its over exploitation as well as its pollution due to different reasons. For many important agricultural areas groundwater is the ultimate source of fresh water as surface water sources have been depleted. The quality of groundwater is important because it determines the suitability of water for drinking, and domestic and irrigation purposes. A survey was undertaken during the year 2020 to assess the quality of groundwater for irrigation in Mondipatti region of Tiruchirapalli district of Tamil Nadu. A totally 18 samples were collected from bench mark wells of (W1-W18) in and around the paper board industry and GPS locations of sampling points were recorded. The water samples were analyzed for various chemical properties viz., pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+; CO32-, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-. The pH, EC, SAR and RSC in groundwater ranged from 7.6-8.4, 0.68-5.12 (dS m-1), 0.69-12.9 and -8.1 to 5.3 (meq L-1), respectively. The concentration of cations viz., Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ varied from 1.7 to 10.8, 0.7 to 14.3, 0.009 to 0.931 and 2.8 to 39.2 meq L-1 with average of 5.4, 4.51, 0.190 and 9.24 meq L-1, respectively. The concentration of anions viz., carbonate, bicarbonates, chloride and sulphate varied from nil to 3.2, 3.2 to 9.6, 2.8 to 39.2 and 0.25 to 4.52 meq L-1 with average values of 0.64, 6.72, 11.88 and 1.31 meq L-1, respectively. The relative abundance of ions for most of the water samples were Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations and Cl- > HCO3-> SO42- > CO3- for anions. According to CSSRI water quality classification, 44.5, 44.5, 5.5 and 5.5 per cent of good, marginally saline, High SAR saline and Alkaline, respectively. Spatial variability maps of pH, EC, SAR and RSC of groundwater used for irrigation in and surrounding areas of paper board industry were also generated. As a result, it's critical to analyse groundwater quality not only for current use, but also as a future water source. Assessment and mapping of quality of groundwater may help the farmers in choice of crops and other agronomic management practices for getting profitable yields without affecting the soil health.

Impact of Paper Board Industry Effluent Irrigation to Agroforestry System on Changes in Soil Quality

The study assessed the impact of paper board industry effluent irrigation on soil quality under agroforestry system. The agroforestry system was maintained at the Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Paper Limited (TNPL) - Unit II located at Mondipatti Village, Manaparai Taluk, Trichy district, Tamil Nadu. The site is situated at the intersection of latitude 10º 41' N and longitude 78º 26" E. The soil analysis were carried out for various quality parameter as per standard procedure. The results reveals that application paper board industry effluent were significantly influenced the organic carbon, Available P, and K. Hydraulic conductivity of surface soils was ranged from 2.02 to 4.39 cm h-1 with the mean value of 3.27 cm h-1. Infiltration rate was ranged from 6.6 to 52.5 cm h-1 with the mean value of 23.0 cm h-1. Among the micronutrients status zinc was recorded below the critical level whereas cupper, iron and manganese were recorded above the critical level. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), Soil microbial population (Bacteria, Fungi and Actinomycetes) and enzyme activities (Urease and Phosphatase) were significantly higher when application with paper board industry effluents under agroforestry system. The activity of soil enzymes and MBC showed significant positive correlation with organic carbon, available water and pH. These findings reveal that paper board industry effluent act as an irrigation source and fertigation under agroforestry system.

Application of Colloidal Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry in Papermaking Industry

Colloidal chemistry is a science to study the physicochemical properties of generalized colloidal dispersion systems. Polymer chemistry is a new comprehensive subject that studies the synthesis, chemical reaction, physical chemistry, physics, processing and application of polymer compounds. The development of polymer chemistry mainly experienced four periods: the utilization and processing of natural polymers, the modification of natural polymers, the production of synthetic polymers and the establishment of polymer science. Since the 1930s, with the development of synthetic polymers, polymer related sub disciplines such as reaction kinetics, chemical thermodynamics, structural chemistry, polymer physics and biopolymers have been gradually established, forming a systematic polymer science. Papermaking industry is an industrial sector that manufactures all kinds of paper and paperboard. It includes the pulp manufacturing industry that uses wood, reed, bagasse, straw, wheat straw, cotton straw, hemp stalk, cotton and other raw materials to manufacture pulp, the paper and paperboard industry, and the processing paper manufacturing industry that produces coated, polished, glued, laminated and other processing paper and font paper plate. Paper industry is an important industry closely related to the development of national economy and the construction of social civilization. This paper focuses on the relationship between colloidal chemistry, polymer chemistry and papermaking industry, especially its application in cooking, washing, bleaching, papermaking and water treatment, and introduces in detail the current situation and development trend of flocculation method for papermaking wastewater according to colloidal chemistry theory.

SECTORAL AND HOME COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDONESIA

This study investigates the distribution of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) across Indonesian economic sectors and home countries. Using descriptive statistics analysis of secondary data, the result shows that on average, FDI dominated the share of total investment, while domestic investment (DI) led the number of projects in Indonesia. FDI and DI mostly inflow to the chemical and pharmaceutical industry which is a part of manufacturing industries. The largest contributions of total FDI share come from Singapore and Japan. Investors from Japan reached the largest share of investment while investors from Singapore dominated the number of projects across Indonesian regions. Singapore reached the highest FDI share in Banten, Jakarta, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kepulauan Riau,Riau, Maluku Utara, Papua Barat, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, and Sumatera Utara. Japan experienced the highest FDI in Jawa Barat and Jawa Tengah. This study can map the preference of investors from each home country. Investors from Australia and Mauritius mostly preferred to invest in the coal mining sector. Investors from Japan mostly preferred transport-related industries especially the industry of spare parts and accessories for four or more wheel motor vehicles. Investors from Singapore mostly selected telecommunication industries. Investors from South Korea mostly preferred to invest in plastic-related industries and processing industries. Some Investors from China invested in the electricity industry. Many investors from France also invested in the water supply sector. And Investors from the Republic of China mostly preferred to invest in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industry. The Indonesian Government needs to concern about the general characteristics of investors in home countries in attracting foreign investors. For policy purposes, knowing such characteristics provides scientific reasons for a government to have distinct strategies between different targeted home countries in order to attract foreign investors.

Contribution to the development of tiles made of paper board sludge

Growth of any country rest in the consumption of industrial wastes for its infrastructure amenities. Countries like India positively desires a vital utilization of industrial waste resembling paper sludge in the construction industry to make various building materials. Also, it is the duty of all civil engineers or researchers to attach them in mounting new materials from the waste dumped as land fillings. In every construction project, about 70% of cost accounts for the procurement of materials. If this, can be minimized consequently the cost of construction will certainly be condensed. Research has established that the waste paper sludge can be reused in the construction field for a probable scope. The construction diligences munch through a massive quantity of non-renewable resources. On the additional dispense, more waste paper board sludge ends up in landfills or dumpsites than those recycled. Consequently, waste paper sludge for use as a construction material composes a step towards sustainable development. Keeping this in mind an endeavor has been made to utilize paper board sludge acquired from the paper board industry and used with several pozzolanic and cementitious materials for a specific purpose. The addition of paper sludge has been varied from 0% to 20% by weight of cement. The tests done with the samples expose that four samples showed significant outcomes with remarkable strength and durability properties which guide to move for the next phase of research for producing lightweight tiles.

Caracterização e avaliação preliminar da ecotoxicidade de resíduo de indústrias de papelão

A indústria de papel e papelão é geradora de resíduos sólidos que demandam correto tratamento e disposição. O trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a composição de resíduos de duas empresas de papelão de Santa Catarina e avaliar sua ecotoxicidade. A caracterização foi feita com a determinação da umidade, cinzas e celulose. A ecotoxicidade foi avaliada com ensaios de fuga com minhocas (Eisenia andrei), ensaios de reprodução com colêmbolos (Folsomia candida) e com um teste de germinação e crescimento de raízes de alface (Lactuca sativa). Para as avaliações dos ensaios de toxicidade utilizou-se a ANOVA seguida dos testes de Tukey e/ou Dunnet e o teste exato de Fisher todos à p<0,05. Os Resíduos 1 e 2 apresentaram umidade de 87,23 e 60,80%, cinzas 11,18 e 55,12% e celulose 59,34 e 66,78%, respectivamente. Os ensaios de fuga e de reprodução não indicaram ecotoxicidade dos resíduos estudados para minhocas e colêmbolos quando comparados ao solo de plantio de pinus. Em relação ao crescimento de raízes, o Resíduo 1 apresentou toxicidade para as concentrações de 100, 75 e 50% do seu elutriato. Os resultados indicaram que os resíduos possuem características químicas, físicas e ecotoxicológicas que podem ser restritivas quanto a sua aplicação em solos agrícolas.

The Efficiency of Separate and Combined Modified Electrolysis Processes and Electric Coagulation in Removing Yellow Gold Dye (Gold Yellow X-GL) from Aqueous Solutions

Introduction: Disposal of the wastewater produced in the paper and paperboard industry without the refining process can add substances to the environment, which are harmful to humans, environment, and other organisms. With regard to process efficiency, the current methods used in wastewater treatment of this industry are economically unjustifiable. Therefore, in this research, the electrolysis / electrocoagulation method was investigated using a graphite / iron electrode for synthetic aqueous solutions containing golden yellow X-GL. Materials and Methods: In this test, two Plexiglas reactors with a volume of 3 liters were used. The impact of the operation parameters such as voltage, initial dye concentration, and reaction time were investigated. Dye concentration in specimens was determined by visible spectrophotometry using DR-5000 at 438nm wavelength. Results: In optimal conditions of voltage 12V, dye concentration 10 mg/l, and time 60 min, the removal efficiency rates of electrolysis reactors, electric coagulation, and combined reactor were 64.17%, 75.42%, and 84.19% respectively. By increasing the dye concentration and decreasing the voltage, the dye removal efficiency decreased. Conclusion: The electric coagulation process using an iron electrode is a suitable method for removing the yellow color of colored aqueous solutions from the paper and paperboard industry.

The effect of county non-attainment status on the product mix of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effect of ground-level ozone county non-attainment status on the product-mix decisions of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. Plants located in non-attainment counties face more stringent standards than plants located in attainment counties. These standards may plausibly induce firms to reduce output of pollution-intensive products (products that lead to ozone-forming emissions of volatile organic compounds) or drop some of these products entirely. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find evidence that plants in non-attainment counties (treatment group) are more likely to drop pollution-intensive products relative to non-pollution-intensive products compared to plants in attainment counties (control group).

보완제품의 시장획정을 위한 임계매출감소 분석: 골판지원지 담합사건에의 적용

보완제품의 시장획정을 위한 임계매출감소 분석: 골판지원지 담합사건에의 적용

시장획정을 위한 가격 시계열 분석: 골판지원지 담합사건에의 적용

시장획정을 위한 가격 시계열 분석: 골판지원지 담합사건에의 적용

The effect of environmental regulation on plant-level product mix: A study of EPA's Cluster Rule

This paper examines the effect of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Cluster Rule on the product-mix decisions of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. The Cluster Rule combines regulatory requirements from the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act that are based on plants altering their production processes away from chlorine-based bleaching agents. In addition to, or instead of, altering production processes, plants may plausibly comply with the regulation by reducing output of bleached products or dropping some of these products entirely. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach, we find evidence that plants facing both air and water Cluster Rule regulation (treatment group) are more likely to drop bleached products relative to unbleached products compared to plants facing only air Cluster Rule regulation (control group). Furthermore, we find evidence that plants in the control group alter their product mixes toward bleached products.

Characterization of novel Passiflora foetida natural fibers for paper board industry

In the current scenario, the paperboard industries are experimenting the reinforcement of their products with various natural fibers. Based on affordability, low weight, biodegradability and recyclability, natural fiber-reinforced composites have attracted the attention of industrial researchers. In the present work, investigations have been carried out to find the suitability of the Passiflora foetida fiber for paper board industry. The physico-mechanical and chemical compositions in the fiber are analyzed with the help of standard methods. The average density and diameter of the fibers were 1.22 g/cm3 and 98.48 ± 5.65 µm, respectively. The fibers showed a tensile strength of 0.32 ± 0.21 MPa, Young’s modulus of 19.42 MPa and strain-to-failure of 2.05 ± 0.18%. The maximum peak of depolymerization is obtained at 361.7℃ in DTG curve. These properties make the Passiflora foetida fibers suitable for replacing the existing fiber in the paperboard composites.

An Evaluation of Biological Approach for the Effluent Treatment of Paper Boards Industry - An Economic Perspective

The environmental problems of paper board industry are not limited by the high water consumption, generate wastewaters and solid wastes. This paper presents the paper board industry effluent treatment plant components performance and physio-chemical characteristics of wastewater and sludge. In ETP operation most important factors is effluent characterization, flow rate, aeration tank dissolved oxygen (DO) level, mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS), food to micro-organism ratio (F/M), sludge volume and chemical addition for nutrients and coagulant. The wastewater is characterized by extreme quantities of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the solid waste from ETP sludge is characterized by SEM –EDX and ICP. The wastewater samples were collected from the partied of one month influent and treated effluent. An influent consist pH of 7.1-7.7, TSS of 1160-1380 mg/L, TDS of 1500-2000 mg/L, BOD and COD varies 200-250 mg/L and 2010-1286 mg/L respectively. The treated effluent of pH varies 7.1-7.3, TSS 10-20 mg/L, TDS ranges from 1500-1900 mg/L, BOD and COD ranges from 7-16 mg/L and 54-145 mg/L, respectively. Further solid waste in the form of sludge handled through mechanical dewatering devise (belt press). The result shows that the performance of effluent treatment plant based on the permissible limits prescribed by regulatory agencies and can be recycle an entire treated effluent into the board manufacturing process. The fixed capital cost was 700 lakhs- Indian Rupees (Rs.) and annual operation and maintenance cost was estimated Rs. 180 lakhs (without RO plant). Reuse of treated effluent in pulp process and sludge in sun dry board manufacturing and composting were adopted to achieve the target of sustainable development for ecological and economical gains.

Effects of recycled paperboard mill wastes on the properties of non-load-bearing concrete

Population growth and increasing demand for industrial enterprises such as pulp and paper production lead to environmental problems such as over-exploitation of resources and pollution of soil, air and water. Thus, for the importance of reducing the negative effects of incineration and landfilling of wastes for the protection of environment, two kinds of recycled paperboard mill wastes were used as partial replacement of sand (volume percentage), to produce non-load-bearing lightweight concrete. Waste type 1 consists of paperboard chips mixed with small amount of sand, and waste type 2 consists of paperboard chips mixed with expanded polystyrene and nylon. This study was carried out in laboratory scale to achieve acceptable strength and minimum density by using maximum amount of waste, in accordance with ASTM-C129 for non-load-bearing lightweight concrete construction. Therefore, three types of concrete, including concrete containing waste type 1 (replacing 0, 60, 70 and 80 % of waste and sand), concrete containing waste type 2 (replacing 0, 55, 75 and 95 % of waste and sand) and concrete containing both waste types, were constructed. Different tests on the fresh and hardened concrete, including slump, pH, oven-dry density, compressive and tensile strengths, flexural strength, flexural toughness and water absorption, were carried out. The results indicate that the use of waste type 1 is more reliable than waste type 2 in terms of concrete specifications and standard-conforming viewpoints. Results revealed that use of these wastes in concrete can save the paperboard industry disposal costs and produce ‘greener concrete’ for construction.

Development of Quantitative Analysis of the Fluorescent Whitening Agents Used for Surface Treatments

Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are widely applied in the papermaking process to improve the CIE whiteness and the ISO brightness of papers. Large amounts of FWAs are used in the paper and paperboard industry, but no standard method exists for quantitative FWA analysis. Therefore, a new method is needed to analyze the presence of FWAs in paper and paperboard to control their additions and applications. In particular, FWA analysis must concentrate on those used for surface treatment of paper because their use in surface applications has increased recently. The purposes of this study were to measure the optical properties of papers surface-treated with oxidized starch containing FWAs and to deduce the regression equations for the quantitative analysis of FWAs used for surface treatments. Surface sizing was carried out to treat the surface of a base paper with T-FWA and H-FWA, and the pickup weight of the surface sized paper was measured to determine the real weight of FWAs transferred onto the paper surface. After surface sizing and preconditioning, the paper was evaluated for CIE whiteness, ISO brightness, fluorescence index, and reflectance at 440 nm using an Elrepho spectrophotometer. The CIE whiteness and the ISO brightness increased linearly as FWA content increased. The fluorescence index and the reflectance showed linear relationships with T-FWA and H-FWA. Linear regression equations were determined for the quantitative analysis of FWAs used for surface treatments.

The Effect of Ground-Level Ozone County Non-Attainment Status on Product Mix

This paper examines the effect of ground-level ozone county non-attainment status on the product-mix decisions of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. Plants located in non-attainment counties face more stringent standards than plants located in attainment counties. These standards may plausibly induce firms to reduce output of pollution-intensive products (products that lead to emissions of volatile organic compounds) or drop some of these products entirely. We find evidence that plants in non-attainment counties are more likely to drop pollution-intensive products and more likely to add non-pollution-intensive products.

X-ray imaging of high velocity moving objects by scanning summation using a single photon processing system

X-ray imaging has been used extensively in the manufacturing industry. In the paper and paperboard industry X-ray imaging has been used for measuring parameters such as coat weight, using mean values of X-ray absorption inline in the manufacturing machines. Recently, an interest has surfaced to image paperboard coating with pixel resolved images showing material distribution in the coating on the paperboard, and to do this inline in the paper machine. Naturally, imaging with pixel resolution in an application where the paperboard web travels with velocities in the order of 10 m/s sets harsh demands on the X-ray source and the detector system to be used. This paper presents a scanning imaging method for single photon imaging systems that lower the demands on the source flux by hundreds of times, enabling a system to be developed for high velocity industrial measurement applications. The paper presents the imaging method, a discussion of system limitations, simulations and real measurements in a laboratory environment with a moving test object of low velocity, all to verify the potential and limits of the proposed method.

Triple bottom line study of a lignocellulosic biofuel industry

AbstractGrowing concerns about energy security and climate change have prompted interest in Australia and worldwide to look for alternatives of fossil fuels. Among the renewable fuel sources, biofuels are one such alternative that have received unprecedented attention in the past decade. Cellulosic biofuels, derived from agricultural and wood biomass, could potentially increase Australia's oil self‐sufficiency. In this study, we carry out a hybrid life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of a future cellulose‐refining industry located in the Green Triangle region of South Australia. We assess both the upstream and downstream refining stages, and consider as well the life‐cycle effects occurring in conventional industries displaced by the proposed biofuel supply chains. We improve on conventional LCA method by utilising multi‐region input–output (IO) analysis that allows a comprehensive appraisal of the industry's supply chains. Using IO‐based hybrid LCA, we evaluate the social, economic and environmental impacts of lignocellulosic biofuel production. In particular, we evaluate the employment, economic stimulus, energy consumption and greenhouse gas impacts of the biofuel supply chain and also quantify the loss in economic activity and employment in the paper, pulp and paperboard industry resulting from the diversion of forestry biomass to biofuel production. Our results reveal that the loss in economic activity and employment will only account for 10% of the new jobs and additional stimulus generated in the economy. Lignocellulosic biofuel production will create significant new jobs and enhance productivity and economic growth by initiating the growth of new industries in the economy. The energy return on investment for cellulosic biofuel production lies between 2.7 and 5.2, depending on the type of forestry feedstock and the travel distance between the feedstock industry and the cellulose refinery. Furthermore, the biofuel industry will be a net carbon sequester.

The Turkish paper and paperboard industry: A study of the statistical assessment, analysis and forecast

Kagit, kulturel ve sanayi alanindaki kullanimi ile gunumuzun en onemli ihtiyac maddelerinden birini teskil etmektedir Hayatimizin vazgecilmez unsurlarindan biri olan kagit gelisen teknoloji ve imkanlarla daha estetik bir hal almis olup, kisi basi kagit tuketimi her yil giderek artis gostermektedir. Bu calismada Turkiye’nin kagit-karton endustrisinin 1982-2006 yillari arasindaki 25 yillik verilerinden yola cikilarak gelecek 20 yillik uretim, ithalat ve ihracat degerleri regresyon analizi yardimiyla tahmin edilmistir. Sonuclar incelendiginde 2021 yilinda kagit-karton uretiminin yaklasik %56, kagit-karton ihracatinin %49 ve kagit-karton ithalatinin ise %17’lik bir artis gosterecegi gorulmektedir.