Paper-pencil Test Research Articles

Paper-pencil tests for retrospective and prospective evaluation of primary headaches on the basis of the IHS criteria.

Paper-pencil tests for retrospective and prospective evaluation of primary headaches on the basis of the IHS criteria.

Control/Display Relationship of the Four-Burner Stove: A Reexamination

Several previous studies concerning the arrangement of the control/burner relationship of a four-burner stove showed discrepancy in their results. For this reason, a further analysis of this arrangement is necessary and worthwhile. Two research methods were adopted to duplicate earlier studies. One was the paper-pencil test in which subjects took three different questionnaire forms that used alphabetical, sign, and numerical code systems. The other method was computer simulation in which subjects took part in a performance test of four arrangements of con troll burner designs, and reaction time and error rate were measured. The results indicated the existence of a suggestive effect, which is a tendency by some stimulicues to induce a specific response unawares in subjects. This confounding variable must be controlled in the test tool design. Results also revealed a population stereotype in the controllburner linkage relationship that was different for Chinese subjects and for American subjects. The equivalence of research methods between the paper-pencil test and computer simulation was not completely assured.

Outcomes and Processes on Estimation Test Items in Different Formats

The performance of students in grades five through eight on test items in formats designed to measure various aspects of computational estimation was examined. Paper-pencil test data for 1376 students and interviews with 20 students were analyzed. Performance differed by item format, types of numbers and operations in the items, and grade level of students. Students tended to round numbers to the nearest leading power of 10 even when the items required other estimation processes.

Psychische Störungen bei zervikalen Bandscheibenschäden und Osteochondrosen

The paper is concerned with the investigation of 51 patients with alterations of cervical intervertebral disks and cervical osteochondrosis who have undergone surgical intervention. The examination included a psychiatric interview as well as the application of paper pencil tests. Seventeen patients indicated symptoms of an endogenous depression. The group of depressed patients offered a significantly slow onset of cervical symptoms and, in the period after the operation, complained more often than the group without depressive symptoms. The psychological test revealed an increased tendency for inhibition and anxiety of the depressed group. Lastly, methodical problems are discussed concerning the evaluation of the lapse of psychic conditions as tension over a long period.

Application of tailored testing to achievement measurement

This paper reports the findings of a study comparing differences on the levels of achievement, differences in time needed to take a test, and differences in attitudes between subjects taking a traditional paper-pencil test and those taking a computerized tailored test. A maximum likelihood tailored testing procedure based on the Rasch simple logistic model was used for the study. Subjects were 106 upper level undergraduate students enrolled in a measurement and evaluation course. Analyses included descriptive statistics on all variables for all conditions, intercorrelations of all variables within each treatment condition, and analyses of variance. Results indicate no differences in the level of achievement between subjects taking paper-pencil tests and those taking the tailored tests. A time savings of 75% was found using the tailored testing model. Subjects indicated that tailored tests were less stressful.

Measurement of Laboratory Achievement. Part III. Paper-Pencil Analogs of Laboratory Performance Tests

An attempt has been made to convert laboratory performance tests into essay and multiple-choice items. Preliminary forms of the tests were administered to about 160 elementary physics students. It was found that the multiple-choice was the least difficult of the three tests; the performance, the most difficult. The correlation coefficients between relatively complex performance items and their paper-pencil analogs were very low. The correlations between the items dealing with specific skills and parallel paper-pencil tests were low to moderate. The preliminary study supports the hypothesis that paper-pencil tests are poor substitutes for performance examinations.

The Measurement of Laboratory Achievement. Part II. Paper-Pencil Laboratory Achievement Tests

This report deals with the analysis of paper-pencil laboratory tests in general physics, constructed and administered at the University of Minnesota, 1952–1953. The characteristics of the tests were investigated and the relationships with other achievement measures were explored. With the exception of the Identification and Function, pretest intercorrelations were low. These two pretests were fair predictors for the corresponding posttests in Mechanics. All the pretests in Electricity were fair predictors for the corresponding posttests. The correlations between the paper-pencil tests and other criteria of achievement in elementary physics were either nonsignificantly different from zero, or low. On three of the four tests in Mechanics, boys scored significantly higher than girls. On all the posttests the means were significantly higher than for the pretests, irrespective of sex or course taken. The investigation lends support to the hypothesis that paper-pencil laboratory tests contain elements other than those evaluated by performance tests and the conventional measures of achievement in elementary physics.

The Relative Effectiveness of Paper-Pencil Test, Interview, and Ratings as Techniques for Personality Evaluation

(1946). The Relative Effectiveness of Paper-Pencil Test, Interview, and Ratings as Techniques for Personality Evaluation. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 35-54.