Paper Factory Research Articles

Analysis of Cut Size Paper Cutting Machine Performance Using Total Productive Maintenance Concept (Case Study: PT. RST)

PT. RST, a leading paper factory in Indonesia, prioritizes timely production by optimizing productivity, efficiency, and paper quality. This study assesses the reliability of the Cut Size (CS) paper cutting machine, which is enhanced through the implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) as a management philosophy to ensure high-efficiency operations. To evaluate machine performance, Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) measurement is used. From data collected from January to September 2023, an analysis is conducted to improve the performance of the CS machine, which has not met its set target. The average OEE value of 70.9% falls short of the target of 72%. This research aims to improve the performance of the CS machine through the TPM approach, focusing on the Focused Maintenance pillar. Using tools such as Pareto diagram, why-why analysis, fishbone diagram, and the 5W1H method, several sources of problems causing the decrease in OEE value will be identified and addressed.

Causal relationships of health risk of air pollution in industrial area

Air contamination is one of the serious problems for the environment and the health of society. Air contamination risk assessment, health effects assessment tools are used to identify the place and time of public health effects and risk prevention strategies to reduce negative health effects. Considering that there may be a relationship between factors affecting risk, in this study, interactions between them are investigated using Fuzzy Decision Test and Experimental Evaluation Method (fuzzy DEMATEL). The cause of the health air contamination risk in an industrial area are the activity of industrial complexes and port (D+R=45.98, D-R=2.09) and the presence of hydrogen sulfide (46.82, 2.61), benzene (50.87, 2.87), sulfur dioxide (43.87, 4.32) and PM10 (53.51, 5.63) and the effects of these factors will affect the amount of carbon monoxide (39.56, -4.47), ozone (38.80, -4.20), nitrogen dioxide (50.33, -1.62) and PM2.5 (44.18, -1.26). Hospitals and nursing homes (49.01, -2.58), schools (50.99, -0.59), storage and industrial facilities, roads (45.72, -0.59), urban core (51.38, -0.55) and Natural zones, agriculture and waterways (48.86, -0.17) are affected by other factors. Population density is also affected by cause factors. Population density has a two-way relationship with PM2.5. The main human and social factors include GDP per capita and urbanization rate. Hydrogen sulfide has a one-way relationship with population density. People who work in certain industries may be exposed to higher amounts of hydrogen sulfide than the general population. These industries include the production of rayon textiles, pulp and paper factories, oil and natural gas drilling operations, and wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, by controlling the activity of industrial complexes, port and the amounts of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, sulfur dioxide and PM10 in the ambient air can be prevented from the effects after that.

Efficiency of physical-chemical treatment of wastewater of the paper and cardboard factory

The purpose of the work is to study the wastewater treatment of a cardboard and paper factory in the Khmelnytskyi region using physico-chemical methods, namely coagulation and oxidation, to increase the efficiency of removing organic pollutants according to COD and BOD indicators. The use of coagulation and chlorination methods, before biological treatment in aeration tanks, was proposed. Alumofloc 18% was used as a coagulant, PAA was used as a flocculant, and sodium hydroxide was used as an alkalizing reagent. The study was conducted on a mixture of industrial and sewage wastewater with COD and BOD5 ? 3200 and 1575 mg L?1, respectively, and on industrial wastewater with COD and BOD5 ? 4480 and 1960 mg L?1, respectively. The effects of reducing COD and BOD5 indicators in the first case after coagulation were 30 and 40%, after chlorination ? 37.82 and 43.18%, respectively, and in the second after coagulation ? 28.58 and 47.25%, respectively. The effects of wastewater treatment of a cardboard and paper factory using coagulation and oxidation methods will allow for a reduction in the concentration of organic substances according to COD and BOD indicators before the biological treatment of wastewater in aeration tanks and also will ensure an increase in the efficiency of biological treatment.

Separation and Clarification of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Factory Effluent to Remove Heavy Metals Using Zeolite–Agar Nanoadsorbent Immobilized by Cibacron Blue Dye Ligand

Separation and Clarification of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Factory Effluent to Remove Heavy Metals Using Zeolite–Agar Nanoadsorbent Immobilized by Cibacron Blue Dye Ligand

Total Site Targeting Approach for Heat Recovery at a Paper Factory

The total Site heat integration approach has been used extensively in the industry, including process services and heat exchanger network design integrated with the site service system. This work aims to propose a design for the heat recovery network in the paper factory through Total Site targeting. A procedure that includes the energy analysis and Pinch Analysis methodologies, with the use of Aspen Energy Analyzer is applied. The heat exchanger network design through total site heat integration shows that the rehabilitation of the heat recovery system of the paper machine and boiler blowdown is feasible, with a potential annual saving of 259 t of fuel oil and 116 000 m3 of water, which make it feasible to invest in the factory’s heat recovery system, whose project budget is estimated to recover in a year. Heat exchanger network retrofit design allows to recover 46.2% of the maximum energy recovery.

Investigation of ER308L and ER309L filler wires on dissimilar metals between carbon steel and 3CR12 ferritic stainless steel by GTAW through boiler fabrication in a sugar factory

Dissimilar metal welding is a popular process in very large coal and gold, power generation, and pulp and paper factories. It has mainly been applied to produce large boilers in sugar factories. The aim of the present study was to examine the characteristics of dissimilar metal welded joints made from carbon steel and 3CR12 ferritic stainless steel. The welding specimen was made from filler wires of ER308L and ER309L, and a gas tungsten arc welding process was employed for the V-shaped butt weld joints. The effects of the process parameters, such as the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties, were investigated. The results from the welding parameters with filler wire of ER308L applied at 70A of welding current showed the microstructure of delta ferrite and austenite. In comparison, 100A of welding current presents delta ferrite, austenite, and martensite. Furthermore, carbide formation was not observed in the fusion zones of any of the experiments. When the ER308L filler wire was used, the amount of delta ferrite was higher than that of the ER309L filler wire, and the amount of delta ferrite increased with increasing hardness. In addition, the results of the filler wire of ER308L could replace the ER309L filler wire, which effectively reduces the material cost.

Microgrid Design in Electricity Supply in Paper Factories

Renewable energy is growing, one of which is by controlling solar energy. A solar power plant (PLTS) is a power generation system that utilizes solar energy to become electrical energy through photovoltaic modules, which are included in environmentally friendly energy so that it becomes a renewable, effective, more efficient, and reliable plant. The research designing the modeling of PLTS on a grid was carried out on the roof of a gas power plant (PLTG) which generated 164.47 MWh / year. Analyzing modeling in the addition of the Rooftop Solar System that enters the network can reduce exhaust emissions from the use of other equipment for four years with an average of PLN by 99.29%, PLTG #1 by 99.06 and PLTG #2 by 99.11%. The impact of the addition of the PLTS Rooftop on the quality of power entering the 3.3 kV network system is seen that the feeder 2-panel bus has improved to 97.82% of the voltage drop of 72.67% in line with the PLN 3 panel, the improvement is made by providing capacitors of 3x4Mvar. Feeder 3 improved to 97.61% of the voltage drop of 78.87%, in line with the PLN 4 panel. The improvement was carried out by providing a capacitor of 2x4Mvar. Panel feeder four was seen to have improved to 99.21% from an excess voltage of 109.23% in line with the generating equipment, and the improvement was made by reducing capacitors by 0.1 Mvar from the used 5x0.1 Mvar.

An Electrical Efficiency Audit on a Paper Factory with a Focus on Energy Monitoring Systems and Industrial Motors

Earth's average temperature continues to rise, triggering dangerous weather events that occur simultaneously and interact with each other, such as storms, floods, droughts, and wildfires. The main cause of this global warming is the excess of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. To answer to this climate challenge, most developed countries have taken actions to reduce their carbon footprint. Industry is the third most polluting sector. This article contains research done in a paper industrial site in Belgium to reduce its carbon footprint through energy efficiency. The first part of the paper is a focus on monitoring and targeting system opportunities and barriers. The second part is about motors. Motors are generally among highest consuming equipment in an industrial site. An analysis of motors high efficiency and variable speed drive potential have been done. The savings identified are the following: Financial = $60,336; Environmental = 70.6 CO2 tons (794,000 kWh of electricity, 8.7% of the site electrical consumption). The cost is $128,680 and the payback is 2.3 years.

Intensification of wastewater treatment of the paper and cardboard factory using physical and chemical methods

The results of research on physical and chemical methods for the preliminary treatment of wastewater of a cardboard and paper factory in Khmelnytskyi region are presented. At the cardboard and paper factory, wastewater is treated at a sewage treatment plant, which includes sand traps, primary radial sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks with activated sludge regenerators, secondary radial sedimentation tanks, and bioponds. The use of coagulation and chlorination methods before biological treatment in aeration tanks was proposed. Alumofloc 18% was used as a coagulant, PAA was used as a flocculant, and sodium hydroxide was used as an alkalizing reagent. The study was conducted on a mixture of industrial and domestic wastewater with COD and BOD5 – 3200 and 1575 mg/dm3, respectively, and on industrial wastewater with COD and BOD5 – 4480 and 1960 mg/dm3, respectively. The effects of reducing COD and BOD5 indicators in the first case after coagulation were 30 and 40%, after chlorination - 37.82 and 43.18%, respectively, in the second after coagulation - 28.58 and 47.25%, respectively. It was established that a significant proportion of organic substances according to the COD indicator is in a dissolved state - 60-70%. It has been proven that as a result of chlorination, the maximum reduction of "pure" COD is achieved, therefore, the possibility and expediency of chlorination of water after the secondary settling tank with increased doses should be considered in the wastewater treatment technology of the cardboard and paper factory. The effects of wastewater treatment of a cardboard and paper factory using coagulation and oxidation methods, obtained as a result of research, will allow to reduce the concentration of organic substances according to COD and BOD indicators before the biological treatment of wastewater in aeration tanks and will ensure an increase in the efficiency of biological treatment.

The Historical Aspect of the Impact of Zn and Pb Ore Mining and Land Use on Ecohydrological Changes in the Area of the Biała Przemsza Valley (Southern Poland)

The article presents the impact of Zn and Pb ore mining and land use on ecohydrological changes in the area of the Biała Przemsza valley in the historical aspect, with particular emphasis on the period 1941–2021. GIS was used to analyse the maps to identify spatial and temporal changes in land use. The following trends could be observed in the spatial development of the Biała Przemsza valley: rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in the 21st century, marked reduction in the surface area of arable land and sands, and dynamics of the increase in the surface area occupied by forests. Notable changes occurred in the plant ecosystems between 1941 and 2021 due to land management. Groundwater level lowering due to mining activity resulted in the change from wet meadows to fresh or dry xerothermic grasslands, while forest cover increased by 4% within the catchment area. The hydrographic network evolved. After the commissioning of the Zn-Pb ore mines Olkusz and Pomorzany in the 1960s and 1970s, a regional depression cone with an area of 400 km2 was formed, while the maximum groundwater inflows to the mines reached 360 m3/min. Changes in the hydrodynamic conditions have resulted in changes in the hydrogeochemical regime of the Triassic aquifer manifested by increased levels of, e.g., SO4 and Cl. Wastewater with lignosulphonate compounds from the paper factory caused periodic degradation of some of the water flowing into the Pomorzany mine. As a result of mining activity, the character of some sections of the Biała Przemsza river changed to an infiltrating one, the quantitative depletion of groundwater resources within the range of the mine drainage cone occurred, river springs disappeared, and the flow in the river decreased. At the same time, mine water was discharged to the tributaries of the Biała Przemsza. A radical reduction in the flow of the Biała Przemsza and its tributaries occurred after the decommissioning of the Zn-Pb ore mines at the turn of 2021 and 2022.

Fake paper factories: root cause solutions are needed.

The pressure to publish academic papers for career advancement and technological innovations have fostered the growth of a new phenomenon, the serial fabrication of articles to be submitted to scientific journals. Papers with fake content are produced by specialised publishing agencies. Journal editors and publishers increased vigilance and control, tightening the peer review process and using anti-plagiarism software. But, being a systemic issue, it is not easy to find the solution and action must be taken on its causes: greater awareness of research ethics is needed, specific training for young doctors and - in the long run - an appropriate use of artificial intelligence, which should become a tool for protecting the integrity of knowledge.

Assessment of paper dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms among paper factory workers in, Ethiopia; a comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundWorkers in pulp and paper factories are continuously exposed to paper dust. Excessive exposure to paper dust can cause respiratory disease. Information about the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and dust exposure levels among workers in pulp and paper factories is not available in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess personal total dust exposure levels, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and their associated risk factors among workers in Ethiopian pulp and paper factories.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 40 dust measurements were carried out on 20 randomly selected workers. To assess chronic respiratory symptoms and associated factors, 434 workers from two paper factories and controls were interviewed using a standard questionnaire adapted from the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Gravimetric analyses of the filters were undertaken using a standard microbalance. Poisson regression was performed for comparing the prevalence of symptoms and risk factors for the two groups. Multivariable analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with chronic respiratory symptoms.ResultThe arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM) of dust exposure levels among the paper factories workers were 11.3 (± 7.7) and 10.2 (± 1.4) mg/m3 respectively. This exposure level exceeded the threshold limit value recommended for total dust (10 mg/m3). The prevalence of having at least one chronic respiratory symptom was about 51% among the workers in paper factories. The prevalence ratio of having chronic respiratory symptoms among paper factory workers was 5.6 times higher (PR = 6, 95% CI 3.5–10.3) than in the controls. Chronic respiratory symptoms were significantly associated with factors such as an educational status of less than grade 9, being employed in the work sections of the factories, having work experience of 5 years and above, working more than 8 h per day and having a past history of occupation and respiratory illnesses.ConclusionThe dust concentration in the paper factories exceeded the acceptable recommended limit value of 10 mg/m3. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among paper factory workers was higher than among controls. The main determining factors for chronic respiratory symptoms among the workers were the specific work section such as production section, low income, having past history of respiratory illnesses, the number of years of working and low educational status. This finding indicated the need for improving the working conditions in paper factories in Ethiopia.

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF A CARDBOARD AND PAPER MILL

The results of research on physical and chemical methods for the preliminary treatment of wastewater of a cardboard and paper factory in Khmelnytskyi region of Ukraine are presented. At the cardboard and paper factory, wastewater is treated at a sewage treatment plant, which includes sand traps, primary radial sedimentation tanks, aeration tanks with activated sludge regenerators, secondary radial sedimentation tanks, and bioponds. The use of coagulation and chlorination methods before biological treatment in aeration tanks was proposed. Alumoflock 18% was used as a coagulant, polyacrylamide was used as a flocculant, and sodium hydroxide was used as an alkalizing reagent. The study was conducted on a mixture of industrial and domestic wastewater with COD and BOD5 – 3200 and 1575 mg/dm3, respectively, and on industrial wastewater with COD and BOD5 – 4480 and 1960 mg/dm3, respectively. The effects of reducing COD and BOD5 indicators in the first case after coagulation were 30 and 40%, after chlorination - 37.81 and 43.17%, respectively, in the second after coagulation - 28.57 and 47.24%, respectively. It was established that a significant proportion of organic substances according to the COD indicator is in a dissolved state - 60-70%. It has been proven that as a result of chlorination, the maximum reduction of "pure" COD is achieved, therefore, the possibility and expediency of chlorination of water after the secondary settling tank with increased doses should be considered in the wastewater treatment technology of the cardboard and paper factory.

A bacteriorhodopsin multisensor system for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol under extreme conditions.

One of the most serious problems in waste biodegradation and biofuel production is the lack of adequate systems for monitoring reaction media. It has been demonstrated that the bacteriorhodopsin of Halobacterium salinarum is capable of generating photoelectric signals that can be modulated as a function of a chemical environment containing ethanol, methanol, propanol or butanol. The chemical modification of retinal (proton substitution with a fluorine atom at the 10, 12, or 14 position) and genetic modification of protein (aspartic acid 96 substituted with asparagine) may enhance the responses of bacteriorhodopsin systems. The responses of single elements to alcohols form characteristic response patterns. These patterns constitute the basis for the construction of the biosensor, a bacteriorhodopsin multisensor system equipped with artificial neural network methodology for monitoring these alcohols under extreme environmental conditions such as high or low pH and high temperature. It is, to the author's knowledge, the first time that the application of a constructed biosensor for monitoring thermophilic (55 °C) production of ethanol during paper and pulp wastewater degradation and thermophilic (55 °C) methanol digestion in methanol-rich wastewater from pulp and paper factories has been presented.

ZnO-Mn nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye in the form of a powder, generally used for the purpose of changing colors in textile and paper factories. Rhodamine B is a chemical that is dangerous, absolutely should not be mixed in food, beverages and cosmetics, besides that rhodamine also has toxic properties so it must be degraded to reduce its toxicity. This research uses ZnO/Mn material which is synthesized using laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique as the degradation of rhodamine B waste. ZnO/Mn photocatalyst against rhodamine B dye. The results of the FE-SEM show that with the addition of Mn doping, the bond between the particles is getting better. ZnO/Mn with a variation of 0.1 mM obtained the best results for degradation, namely 89.474%, and the energy gap was 3.3196 eV.

Partial Purification of Thermophilic Pectinase from Local Isolate Anoxybacillus flavithermus TP-01

Pectinase is an enzyme that can hydrolyze substances of pectin. It has several applications in daily life, for example in juice factories, wine factories, pulp and paper factories, coffee and tea factories that use fermentation. Pectinase consists of pectate lyase, pectin lyase, and polygalacturonase. The aim of this research is to partially purify pectinase protein by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. A preliminary test of pectinase activity used halo zone analysis. The partial purification was needed to optimize ammonium sulfate and get the optimal condition in 40–90% of the ammonium sulfate composition. Pectinase activity was measured using DNS method, and the concentration of protein was measured using Bradford method. The result of this partial purification of Anoxybacillus flavithermus TP-01 was 70%. Decreasing od pectinase activity was resulted in this research due to the loss of cofactor. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the pectinase from Anoxybacillus flavithermus TP-01 was polygalacturonase.

End-user development in industrial contexts: the paper mill case study

ABSTRACT This work aims to explore the potentialities of an end-user personalisation platform in industrial settings. In such a context, stakeholders with different roles and competencies collaborate to manage and control an environment where legacy machines coexist and interact with newer ones. Our goal is to provide a rule-based tool that allows end-users to build personalised solutions to respond quickly to the dynamic needs of factories. We report on a case study in the paper factory domain, in which the industrial aspects identified with expert stakeholders through interviews have been simulated and addressed through an extension of a personalisation platform. A first user test of the resulting environment has been carried out with a representative set of users, and has provided useful and encouraging feedback in terms of the potentialities of the proposed approach in industrial contexts.

Life cycle assessment of paper mill wastewater: a case study in Viet Nam.

Although in a critical position in the economy, the paper industry releases a lot of wastewater that requires adequate treatment for sustainable development. This study presents an application of Life cycle assessment (LCA) with the ReCiPe tool on the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of a paper factory in Vietnam to evaluate the environmental effect of the individual techniques in WWTP, especially the internal circulation (IC) reactor, a pioneer and practical anaerobic technology. Both Midpoint and Endpoint categories results demonstrated that chemical use and electricity consumption mainly contributed to the environmental impact in the WWTP. The Dissolved air flotation (DAF) and Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) are classified as effective techniques to reduce the impacts on the environment. Moreover, the comparison of LCA between IC and up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) shows that IC is the better practically green technique for the environment.

Public Spaces of Hotels in the Objects of Renovation Architecture: Methods of Integrating Production Equipment into Modern Interior Design.

In the modern hotel business, the process of adapting obsolete buildings and their interior spaces to the needs of the tourism industry is becoming increasingly important. The environment of such facilities provides its visitors not only with a comfortable stay, but also creates a special impression on guests. And not the least role in this process is played by objects and equipment that characterize the past production function of the building and remain in modern, already adapted interiors. The aim of the present study is to establish methods of integration of production equipment, which serves as a means of translating the identity of the place in the interiors, organized in the objects of renovation architecture, into the public spaces of hotels. The research is based on world examples of successful design solutions for hotels located in buildings that had production functions in the past. In particular, the Emma Hotel in San Antonio (Texas, USA), The Paper Factory Hotel in New York (USA), Vienna House Andel’s in Lodz (Poland), Gastwerk Hotel in Hamburg (Germany), The Singular Patagonia Hotel (Chile) and Tea Factory in Sri Lanka. It is established that the integration of equipment, as artifacts of the past, in the environment of public places in hotels can be carried out in several ways: the preservation of integral equipment or the use of its parts or elements. It is proved that the preserved industrial machines and mechanisms become important accents in the environment of the lobby areas and atriums. With a certain amount of preserved equipment, it is possible to create a museum exhibition within the hotel. At the same time, small artifacts are integrated mainly into the areas of bars and restaurants, without playing the role of significant accents.

Gustativne metafore i poređenja u romanu Epitaf carskog gurmana Veljka Barbierija

The novel Epitaph of the Imperial Gourmand is one of the first dystopian novels in Croatian literature. It is written in the form of a satirical diary, and the author, using various genres of gastronomic literary tradition, creates an atmosphere of hopelessness, powerlessness and absolute control of the government. The Ministry of Public Order and Morality supervises, prosecutes and bans the purchase of groceries and cooking for a clerk in a paper factory. The clerk, main character, deals the last blow to the authorities by committing suicide by consuming the most delicious poisonous dish prepared by the recipe of a famous Roman chef of similar destiny. In this way, Barbieri sends us a message about the inalienability of freedom of choice, but also about the timelessness, spacelessness and ubiquity of repressive societies. The topic of the paper are gustatory metaphors and comparisons, the mechanisms of their origin and their function in the novel. Metaphors are studied following Lakoff's and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphors. Since metaphors are the basis of comparisons, it was necessary to include them in the research. The focus is on lexical variations of metaphors and comparisons in relation to the standard forms that Barbieri uses as a means of emphasizing pleasure and opposing the (gastronomic) uniformity of the regime at the language level.