Yield Of Papaya Research Articles

Enhancing the quality and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red lady by application of plant elicitors

The experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Anantharajupeta, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh during 2015-16 and 2016-17 with the application of plant elicitors i.e different concentrations of salicylic acid (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm), jasmonic acid (50 µM, 100 µM, 150 µM) once at 45 Days After planting and twice at 45 Days After Planting and 120 Days After Planting and control (no spray). The influence of plant elicitors was also found on fruit quality parameters at the time of harvest. T9 (S.A @ 150 ppm at 45 DAT and 120 DAT) recorded significantly highest T.S.S (12.39 oBrix), total sugars (9.94%), reducing sugars (6.12%), non reducing sugars (3.97%) and sugar acid ratio (49.76) which were found at par with T8 S.A @ 100 ppm at 45 DAT and 120 DAT (12.28 oBrix, 9.89%, 6.1%, 3.97% and 48.83) and T7 (S.A @ 50 ppm at 45 DAT and 120 DAT) (12.21 oBrix, 9.77%, 6.01%, 3.81% and 46.51). The lowest values in this regard were recorded in T13 (control) (10.65 oBrix, 8.31%, 5.32%, 3.31% and 29.71). The lowest titrable acidity was recorded with T9 (0.2) which was at par with T8 (0.2) and T7 (0.21). T9 which was at par with T8 and T3 recorded significantly highest carotenoid content (1.88, 1.87 and 1.79) and the lowest carotenoid content was recorded in control (T13) (1.35). Highest weight of fruits per plant (49.78 kg), yield per plot (552.42kg) and yield per hectare (116.06 tons) were found in T9 which was at par with T8 (47.17 kg, 546.59 kg and 114.83 tons ha-1) respectively.

Yield and Quality of Fertigated Papaya Fruits Submitted to Potassium Doses in Northeast Pará

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of potassium doses supplied via fertigation on yield and fruit quality of Solo papaya, cultivar THB. The experiment was installed in August 2018 in the Experimental Station of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Municipality of Igarapé-Açu, State of Para, Brazil, and lasted for 13 months. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications and treatments applications started in the fifth month after planting. Treatments were four doses of K20 (160, 320, 480 and 640 kg K2O ha-1) that correspond to 50, 100, 150 and 200% of recommended dose based on soil analysis. Potassium was supplied in the form of KNO3, in the irrigation water, associated to the others fertilizers. During the five month harvest period, the papaya yield reached 22.3 t ha-1, fruit number was 67,776 fruit ha-1, fruit weight was about 418.6 g and soluble solid titratable acidity ratio as high as 13.9.

Innovative approaches for improving water productivity in fruits crops

Among the various factors which affect the production and productivity of fruit crops, nutrient and water assume more significance. Since majority of the fruit crops in India are grown under water scarcity conditions, economising the limited water available through improved micro irrigation systems invariably enhances the productivity and quality of fruit crops. The concept of fertigation in perennial crops has given a definite edge over conventionally used basin method of irrigation coupled with basal or top dressing of fertilizers within the perimeter of trees. Mulching is very useful in protecting the roots of the plants from heat and cold and is used to cover soil surface around the plants to create congenial condition for the growth especially under rainfed conditions. Based on the research work carried out at ICAR-IIHR over the years, the fertigation schedule for important fruit crops of the region have been worked out. Partial root zone drying irrigation in papaya meeting 80% replenishment of evaporation even with one emitter per plant resulted in significantly higher number of fruits (54/plant) and higher water productivity (23.7 kg/m3) could be obtained by scheduling the irrigation at 40% evaporation replenishment through shifting of laterals at fortnightly intervals. Further, higher papaya yield (48.0 t/ha) was recorded with normal drip irrigation (wetting 80% soil volume) under closer spacing (1.5 m x 1.5 m). Sensor based irrigation technologies with energy of the system provided by solar power and controlled by smart phones increases the usability of the system.

Soil and plant nutrient management and fruit production of papaya (Carica papaya) in Keaau, Hawaii

Variations in papaya yields and fruit quality between papaya growers in Keaau, Hawai’i are mainly caused by differences in nutrient management. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify soil chemical properties and plant mineral compositions and their correlations in commercial papaya orchards; (2) compare soil chemical properties and plant nutrient concentrations between papaya orchards with low, medium and high fruit yields; (3) compare soil chemical properties and plant nutrient composition between orchards with low, medium and high fruit quality; (4) determine the difference in soil chemical properties, plant nutrient composition, and papaya yield and quality between new and long-term papaya land. Between 2016 and 2018, soil and plant tissue samples were collected from 100 commercial papaya orchards. Soil pH, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were below and phosphorus (P) was above the recommended range for papaya. Petiole P, K, Ca, and sulfur (S) concentrations were below the recommended range. Fields with low fruit yields and low fruit quality were deficient in P, K, Ca, and zinc (Zn). Long-term papaya land had significantly (p < 0.05) lower soil pH, total carbon (C), K, Ca, Mg, and sodium (Na), and higher concentrations of soil P than new papaya land. Nitrogen (N), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) was significantly higher and Ca was significantly lower in petioles from papaya crops grown on long-term papaya land compared to new papaya land.

Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and fruit yield of papaya

Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and fruit yield of papaya

Profitability analysis of papaya cultivation in some selected areas of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to depict the overall economics of papaya cultivation in four districts namely Tangail, Jashore, Bandarban and Rajshahi. The objectives of the study were to examine the cost structure, resource use productivities, profitability and the problems of papaya production. A total of 152 farmers taking 38 from each district were selected randomly. Data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule during January-March, 2017. The per hectare use of human labour, plant protection, manures and fertilizer were found to be maximum at Jashore whereas, the per hectare use of saplings was found to be maximum at Tangail district. The per hectare cost of cultivation of papaya was high at Jossere (365405) followed by Tangail (Tk.334261), Rajshahi (Tk.319754), and Bandarban (Tk. 272664). The average per hectare yield were maximum at Jossere (62MT) followed by Rajshahi (55MT), Tangail (54MT) and Bandarban (52MT). Per hectare gross margin was the highest at Tangail (Tk. 802797) followed by Bandarban (Tk. 658441), Jashore (Tk. 536346) and Rajshahi (Tk.471298). Per hectare net return was highest at Tangail (Tk.633738) followed by Bandarban (Tk.507335), Jossere (Tk.346594) and Rajshahi (Tk.302747). The overall benefit cost ratio was 2.39 which indicates papaya cultivation was profitable in Bangladesh. The yield of papaya would increase by 0.0407, 0.125, 00.0627, 0.0863 and 0.3785 % if papaya farmers apply 1% additional human labour, seedlings/saplings, fertilizer, improved variety, and dummy for loamy soil. Attacks on viral disease, adverse weather condition, non-availability of reliable seed, lack of irrigation facilities, lack of technical knowledge and problems in marketing of papaya were the major constraints of papaya cultivation in the study areas.&#x0D; Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 115-126, March 2019

Light, photosynthetic capacity and growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.): a short review

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the main horticultural crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit is sold either as a fresh product or processed into drinks, jams, candies, dried and crystallized fruit, while the enzyme papain is used for medicinal purposes. Papaya fruits have high vitamins A and C contents, as well as are good sources of calcium. Brazil is one of the most important producers and exporters of papaya in the world; in 2016 c.a., 1,424,650 tons of papaya was produced in 30,372 hectares of the territory. Optimum light absorption and utilization by the canopy are important factors for maximizing papaya crop growth and productivity. Thus, knowing how papaya responds to light is important to develop management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. This short review aims to present the current research knowledge related to the effects of light intensity on the photosynthetic processes and growth of papaya. We demonstrate that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) greatly affects the physiology of papaya. Understanding the interaction between light and physiological processes is extremely important for a sustainable profitable production under either greenhouse or field conditions. By using improved light science-based management, growers may optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya yield and fruit quality

In situ earthworm breeding in orchards significantly improves the growth, quality and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.).

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four fertilizer applications—control (C), chemical fertilizer (F), compost (O), and in situ earthworm breeding (E)—on the growth, quality and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.). In this study, 5 g plant−1 urea (CH4N2O, %N = 46.3%) and 100 g plant−1 microelement fertilizer was applied to each treatment. The fertilizer applications of these four treatments are different from each other. The results showed that the E treatment had the highest growth parameters over the whole growth period. At 127 days after transplantation, the order of plant heights from greatest to smallest was E > F > O > C, and the stem diameters were E > F > O > C, with significant differences between all treatments. Soluble-solid, sugar, vitamin C, and protein content significantly increased in the E treatment. In addition, the total acid and the electrical conductivity of the fruit significantly decreased in the E treatment. Fruit firmness clearly increased in the O treatment, and decreased in the F treatment. The fresh individual fruit weights, fruit numbers, and total yields were greatly improved in the F and E treatments, and the total yield of the E treatment was higher than that in the F treatment. In conclusion, the in situ earthworm breeding treatment performed better than conventional compost and chemical fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, in situ earthworm breeding may be a potential organic fertilizer application in orchards because it not only improves the fruit quality and yield but also reduces the amount of organic wastes from agriculture as a result of the activities of earthworms.

Distribuição de raízes e manejo do solo em cultivo de mamão nos Tabuleiros Costeiros

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição de raízes e a produtividade de mamoeiro em dois sistemas de produção, em Argissolo Amarelo de Tabuleiro Costeiro, na Bahia. No primeiro sistema de produção comumente utilizado pelos produtores, utilizou-se solo sem cobertura vegetal, fertirrigado e com camalhões e, no segundo sistema, utilizaram-se subsolagem, plantio em sulcos com coberturas vegetais e irrigação. O camalhão isola as raízes do excesso de água e dos fungos do solo; no entanto, ele demanda muitas práticas mecânicas, compacta o solo e degrada a área, o que resulta na necessidade de pousio e, eventualmente, de migração da cultura. As raízes amostradas foram separadas do solo por peneiramento em água e, em seguida, escaneadas, e seu comprimento e diâmetro foram medidos. Os tratamentos T1 (vegetação espontânea), T2 (leguminosa), T3 (gramínea) e T4 (leguminosa mais gramínea), sem o uso de camalhões e irrigados, apresentam menor densidade de raiz e produtividade de frutos do que o T5 (testemunha) cultivado sem uso de cobertura vegetal, com camalhão e fertirrigação. A fertirrigação aumenta a densidade de raízes, mas as concentra abaixo dos gotejadores. As coberturas vegetais superam a vegetação espontânea em densidade de raiz, mas a igualam em produtividade.

Performance of Indian spinach and papaya in litchi based agroforestry system

An investigation was conducted at Borjona village of Kapasia, Gazipur district during September 2011 to October 2012 to examine the biological performance of Indian spinach and papaya in litchi based agroforestry system. Papaya was planted between two litchi plants in each line and Indian spinach varieties were grown in the inter-space of two lines of litchi plant as well as control (farmer’s practice) in May 2012. Yield and yield contributing characters of Indian spinach varieties grown as litchi-papaya based agroforestry system and control did not vary. However, sprout plant-1 and sprout weight of Indian spinach varieties grown in litchi-papaya based system were significantly influenced while the other parameters did not vary. Sprout plant-1 of KS green (2.97) and local (2.89) variety were identical but higher over KS red variety (2.57). Sprout weight of KS red variety was the highest (85.80 g) while KS green and local variety gave lower and identical sprout weight. Though the yield did not vary among the varieties, KS red gave the highest yield (36.32 t ha- 1) followed by local (34.61 t ha-1) and KS green (34.00 t ha-1). In case of growth of litchi, plant height and stem diameter increment were 21.39 and 44.94 % over the eleven months observation period. The yield of papaya was quite satisfactory with an average 42 fruits per plant with 23.71 t ha-1. Therefore, in the Litchi-Papaya-Indian spinach based system, Indian spinach varieties could be ranked as KS red &gt; Local&gt; KS green.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. &amp; Tech. 6 (1): 34-40, June, 2016

Papaya production in India – history, present status and future prospects

India is the largest producer of papaya, contributing 42% of world production from 30% of the global area under papaya cultivation as per an FAO report for 2012. Papaya production in India during last fifty years can be divided into two phases: pre-World Trade Organization (WTO) until the early 1990s with predominantly dioecious cultivars when the country followed Nigeria, Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia and post-WTO after the mid-1990s when India became the world's largest papaya producer. Major changes in papaya cultivation occurred in the post-WTO period with the adoption of a gynodioecious cultivar 'Red Lady' which produced good quality, marketable fruits under moderate PRSV-P (Papaya ringspot virus-P) incidence. Cultivation improved with good agricultural practices, robust domestic demand and adequate seed supply. The area under papaya cultivation was 1.9% of the total area under fruit cultivation and its production was 6.6% of India's total fruit crops in 2012-2013. Papaya gave the highest per unit area yield (41 t ha-1) among fruit crops. The area under papaya cultivation in India and its production grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2 and 7.1%, respectively, during last five decades. Yield of papaya increased five times from 7.7 t ha-1 in 1985 to 40.1 t ha-1 in 2013 at a CAGR of 6.8%. Presently, major papaya production comes from Southern and Western India. The most common channel of papaya marketing was “producer-agent-wholesaler-retailer-consumer.” Despite being the world's largest producer, India exported only meagre quantities of papaya. Future expansion of papaya cultivation is likely to succeed in the areas having congenial climate and less PRSV-P pressure. Considering the industry's growth rate of the last twenty years, its production is likely to reach 5.2 million t in 2020 and 6.8 million t in 2030. However, India's dependence on one cultivar is risky. Concerted efforts are required to provide more cultivar options to the farmers.

Effect of seed treatment by ethyl methane sulphonate on growth, flowering and yield of papaya cv. Pusa Dwarf

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, to find out the optimum doses of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) on growth, flowering and yield of papaya. The seeds of papaya were treated with chemical mutagen ‘ethyl methane sulphonate ’(0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%). The results indicated that the seed treated with EMS @ 0.50%, significantly emerged earlier sprouts as compared to the other treatment. The maximum germination percentage, survival percentage was also observed in same treatment. Untreated plants produced maximum height of the plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and petiole length while, the plants obtained by the seed treatment with 0.50% EMS concentration produced maximum stem girth. While, maximum days to first flowering and plant height at flowering stage was observed under control. However, the plants produced by the seeds treatment with EMS @ 0.50% concentration produced maximum fruiting length, fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant during both the years.

Integrated Disease Management of Root Rot of Papaya in Eastern Gangetic Plains of India

The root rot disease is one of the major problems for papaya cultivation in eastern Gangetic plains of India. Field experiments for two years were conducted during 2013–14 and 2014–15 to evaluate the efficacy of cultural practices, agronomical practices along with chemical fungicides applied as soil drenching either individually or in combinations. The experiment was planned to work out the integrated disease management system against root rot disease in papaya, and simultaneously their role in enhancing the fruit yield and its attributes. The results indicated that organic mulch and soil mounding either singly or in combination reduce the disease incidences along with increase in papaya yield and its attributes. Application of organic mulch + soil mounding with fungicide drenching reveals their posi-tive combined effect on reduction of disease inci-dence and severity levels along with increase in fruit yield and its attributes. Integrated approach-es including organic mulch + soil mounding + soil drenching with metalaxyl + mancozeb re-vealed significantly the highest control of root rot disease (97%) along with the highest increase in fruit yield (36%) and its contributing traits. The highest disease incidence (45%) along with the lowest fruit yield/plant (33.28 kg) and its attrib-uting traits were recorded in control during both the years, 2013–14 and 2014–15. Organic mulch and soil mounding is most effective for disease management in the North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ), especially in sandy loam soils. Results of the present study elucidate the combined effect of integrated disease management practices (organic mulch + soil mounding and soil drench-ing with metalaxyl + mancozeb) for root rot man-agement in papaya under eastern Gangetic plains of India.

NUEVO ACTIVADOR FISIOLOGICO POTENCIALIZADOR DE LA FRUCTIFICACIÓN EN PAPAYA ( Carica papaya L.)

RESUMEN Nuevos productos son aplicados actualmente con éxito en agricultura sustentable con el fin de activar rutas metabólicas específicas en plantas, los que son conocidos comercialmente como activadores fisiológicos, desestresantes o potencializadores del rendimiento. Sin embargo, pocas investigaciones han logrado introducir en la práctica tales alternativas. En este estudio se ofrece información sobre los resultados de un nuevo formulado denominado A-CETAS/07, obtenido a partir de residuos de la industria azucarera y complementado con moléculas antioxidantes. Este se comparó con un activador comercial (testigo) y se aplicó foliarmente para estimular el potencial de fructificación en papaya ( L Carica papaya.), cv. Maradol roja. Los resultados evidenciaron una revigorización de las plantas, con aumento progresivo del rendimiento a medida que se incrementó la dosis de A-CETAS/07, por encima de la media histórica regional entre 64 - 74 t ha-1 a los 9 meses después del trasplante, lo cual representa una alternativa económica y con impacto favorable en el medio ambiente.

Soil fertility, growth and fruit quality of papaya Tainung, under fertirrigation with potassium

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil fertility, plant growth, mineral composition in leaves and petioles, productivity and fruit quality of papaya Formosa, Cv. 'Tainung No.1' in terms of levels of potassium fertilization on soil applied by fertigation. The experiment was carried during the growing seasons of 2008/2009 and 2010/2011 in a randomized blocks, with five replications, installed in an area of commercial cultivation in the of Russas city in Ceara state, Brazil. The treatments were: four doses of KCl (60; 120; 180 and 240 g plant month-1), applied as KCl in irrigation water along with conventional fertilizers used in cultivation of papaya in a Typic Quartzipisamment of farm. Treatment doses influence soil fertility by increasing the concentrations of N, P, K, organic matter and leached the soil base maximized the growth and yield of papaya. The absorption of N, P and K in the papaya tree was greater during the highest productivity. P showed the greates accumulation in the fruit. The levels of K influenced fruit quality. The dose 180 g plant per montn-1 favors the production of best quality fruits for table consumption and processing of pulp.

Response of chemical and physical mutagens on yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.)

An experiment was conducted at Horticulture Garden, Department of Horticulture, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during two consecutive year. The main objective was to produce qualitative and quantative fruits yield of papaya for fetching good return with use of chemical and physical mutagens. The maximum fruit yield of papaya was recorded by 24.86 kg/plant with the use gamma irradiation 10 kr, followed by control (24.01 kg/plant). Application of EMS mutagen @ 0.2% and 0.4% gave fruits by 18.38 kg/plant and 18.64 kg/plant, respectively. It is worth while to mention here that the lower doses of chemical and physical mutagens use on papaya gave better response over the higher doses. The growth and yield trails was found in concordance to fruits yield of papaya.

Effect of cover crops on the aggregation of a soil cultivated with papaya (Carica papaya L.)

This study examined the influence of eight types of cover crops, including a treatment with the interrows cleaned all time, on the weighted average diameter of soil aggregates (WAD), mass of soil aggregates, and crop yield of an intensively managed papaya orchards. It was observed that the lowest value for WAD was obtained in the samples from the cleaned interrows. The cover crops with calopo, sunn hemp, sorghum, pigeon pea and jack bean in association with sorghum had values of mass for soil aggregates with diameter between 7.93 and 2.00mm greater than in soil where the plant cover was totally removed. There was a positive and significant correlation between the mass of larger diameter soil aggregates and WAD. The results clearly indicate that the addition of organic matter promoted by the cover crops supported the formation of aggregates with larger diameters and helped to improve the fruit yield of papaya, making them an important practice for sustainable agroecosystems.

INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) CV. SURYA

Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious supply of all major and micro components of plant nutrients including local available resources on sustainable basis. Papaya is known to be a heavy feeder of nutrients (NPK) and information regarding the effect of INM is rather rare. Hence, an experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, Allahabad during 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the response of Integrated Nutrient Management on growth, yield and quality of papaya cv. Surya. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. The treatments comprised of recommended fertilizers dose (RDF) i.e. N:P:K - 200:250: 250 g plant -1 , farmyard manure 50 kg plant -1 , vermicompost 20 kg plant -1 , poultry manure 20 kg plant -1 ; rhizosphere bacteria culture 50 g plant -1 alone and in combination with reduced levels of RDF viz. 75 and 50%. The yield of papaya was statistically at par with 75% recommended fertilizers rate + 25% vermicompost + rhizosphere bacteria culture in comparison to control (recommended fertilizers dose). Quality parameters of the fruits were found to increase with decreasing level of chemical fertilizers. Maximum number of leaves (18.73), trunk girth (0.26 m), number of fruits per plant (46), average fruit weight (0.85 kg), pulp thickness (3.5 cm), shelf life of fruit (12 days), vitamin A (2280 IU/100 g pulp) and TSS (15.8°Brix) were recorded with 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost + rhizosphere bacteria culture treatment, while maximum plant height (185.35 cm) and petiole length (8.42 cm) were associated with 100% RDF alone. The treatment of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost + rhizosphere bacteria culture was found superior and economically viable than rest of the treatments.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SPACINGS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD CHARACTERS OF PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) CV. COORG HONEY DEW

The investigation to assess the effect of different spacing on growth and yield of papaya was conducted at Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, Allahabad during 2002-2003. The experiment comprised of five spacing as treatments viz. 2×2, 1×1, 1.5×1.5, 2.5×2.5 and 3x3 m us papaya cv. Coorg Honey Dew was taken for study. Vegetative growth characters like plant height, numbers of leaves and internodal length showed significant difference among all the treatments. Maximum plant height (261.7 cm), number of leaves (30), and internodal distance (2.60 cm) were observed with 1×1, 2.5×2.5, and 1×1, respectively. Flowering attributes and fruit set characters showed significant response with 2.5×2.5 m spacing. Maximum average fruit weight (120.305 g), length of fruit (22.45 cm), width of fruit (33.35 cm), and fruit yield (120.11 tonnes/ha) were recorded plants with a spacing of 2.5×2.5 m.

INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION AND VAM FUNGI ON PLANT GROWTH PARAMETER, PHYSIO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUIT AND YIELD OF PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) CV. PUSA DELICIOUS

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the most important commercial fruit crops of tropical and subtropical region of globe and India as well. Majority of nutrient is lost either in soil through leaching and most of the phosphorous is fixed by some soil components into a form, which are not readily available to the plants. An experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of ICAR (RC) for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra during 2006-2007 to find out the influence of various doses of NPK+VAM on plant growth, flowering, fruit characteristics and yield of papaya. Total of thirteen treatment combinations were taken with four replications to execute the experiment. One third of N and full amount of P and K & rhizogold (VAM) were applied just before planting of papaya seedling as basal dose and rest N in two split doses. The application of full dose of NPK+10 g rhizogold per plant registered more stem girth (11.45 cm), early flowering (98.50 DOP), fruiting zone (148.65 cm), number of fruits per plant (49.25) and fruit yield (59.62 kg/plant). The full dose of NPK+15 g rhizogold was also at par for the fruit weight and yield. The increase in fruit yield and enhancement in fruit quality was due to higher uptake of nutrients by the plants as influenced by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in root zone of the plants.