Pantheon Books Research Articles

Melvin I. Urofsky,Dissent and the Supreme Court: Its Role in the Court’s History and the Nation’s Constitutional Dialogue

Melvin I. Urofsky, Dissent and the Supreme Court: Its Role in the Court’s History and the Nation’s Constitutional Dialogue (New York: Pantheon Books, 2015). Pp. xiii + 528 $35.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-0-307-37940-5. Melvin Urofsky has written a wide-ranging and intriguing study of how the justices of the United States Supreme Court have dissented from majority opinions and how we should think about them. He draws attention to the invaluable “constitutional dialogue” which includes the justices talking among themselves, and reactions from presidents, members of Congress, the bar, and the public. He starts with John Marshall and Thomas Jefferson tussling over the Court’s power, moves through time while explaining how doctrines expressed in dissent, like substantive due process by Stephen J. Field, were developed decades later, and notes the impact on the current issues before the Court. Striking data demonstrates the increasing frequency and ineffectiveness of concurrences and dissents, the result of increasing complexity, … Przybyszewski.1{at}nd.edu

The Politics of Foreignizing and Domesticating English in Ahdaf Soueif’s In the Eye of the Sun

Egyptian political activist, translator, and novelist Ahdaf Soueif’s novel In the Eye of the Sun (1993, Pantheon Books) integrates the private history of Asya al-Ulama and her family with the polit...

The New China

The New China Donald Stone (bio) Evan Osnos, Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth, and Faith in the New China. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014. 404 pages. $27; Yu Hua, The Seventh Day, translated by Allan H. Barr. Pantheon Books, 2015. 225 pages. $16; Mo Yan, Frog, translated by Howard Goldblatt. Viking, 2015. 398 pages. $17. For an outsider’s understanding of contemporary China, few books can match Evan Osnos’s Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth, and Faith in the New China, winner of the 2014 National Book Award. The former correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and the New Yorker knows that almost anything to be said about China must be qualified by a myriad of details. Yes, the Chinese of the twenty-first century “have achieved longer, healthier, more educated [and more prosperous] lives” than their predecessors. But, he notes, “The longer I lived in China, the more it seemed that people had come to see the economic boom as a train with a limited number of seats.” And even for those whose fortunes have vastly improved, there remains an unfulfilled appetite for less tangible values—freedom of thought and expression, a hunger for truth and spiritual values. Osnos writes with tact and sympathetic understanding, and he draws upon a number of adroitly chosen case histories to tell his story. Like Thomas Carlyle, Osnos knows that “history is the essence of innumerable Biographies.” Nevertheless, to understand modern China, one would do well to read Osnos’s excellent history alongside recent narratives by Chinese insiders, above all the country’s two best-known living novelists, Mo Yan and Yu Hua. “If all people could reflect on history and on their own lives,” the narrator of Mo Yan’s Frog declares, “mankind would not display so much idiotic behavior.” Most of Osnos’s case histories exhibit this same dual approach, beginning with Osnos himself. In 1994, the college freshman “wandered into an introductory class on modern Chinese politics, revolution, and civil war” and thereby discovered his vocation. Two years later, he arrived in Beijing for the first time in order to study Mandarin. In 1998, he enrolled at Beijing Normal University. The city had struck him as “a clanging, unglamorous place” on his first visit, so he toured the countryside, looking for “the China of literature and ink paintings.” Gradually, however, he accustomed himself to a city and country undergoing extraordinarily rapid change and development. (A Chinese friend, by way of contrast, complains that whenever he visits New York “it looks the same.”) In his eight years as a reporter in China, from 2005 to 2013, he interviewed a number of individuals caught up in the search for fortune, truth, and faith. [End Page 667] He begins with a Taiwanese army officer, Lin Zhengyi, the son of a poor barber who instilled in his children a vivid sense of China’s illustrious past, plus a “dream of China’s revival.” His fourth son (named Zhengyi or “justice”) wondered “as a boy … why, despite China’s glorious history, his family could barely feed itself.” In 1979, Captain Lin deserted his army post and swam to the mainland, convinced that “China would prosper again … and he would prosper with it.” (This was at a time when it was more usual for someone to swim from the mainland to Taiwan in search of a better life.) In 1980, the newly renamed Lin Yifu, a student now at Peking University, met Theodore Schultz, a visiting Nobel Prize-winning economist, who arranged for him to pursue a doctoral degree in economics at the University of Chicago, “the crucible of free market thought.” By the time he returned to China, Lin was “convinced that the key to China’s rise was the fusion of the market and strong government.” As an influential member of the Peking University faculty, Lin published several books extolling the “Chinese miracle.” As Osnos notes, “In 1949 the average life expectancy was thirty-six and the literacy rate was 20 percent. By 2012, life expectancy was seventy-five, and the literacy rate was above 90 percent.” Lin’s role in helping his nation to rise out of poverty by promoting governmental and...

The Souls of China: The Return of Religion after Mao by Ian Johnson

Reviewed by: The Souls of China: The Return of Religion after Mao by Ian Johnson Hal Swindall (bio) Ian Johnson. The Souls of China: The Return of Religion after Mao. New York: Pantheon Books, 2017. vi, 455 pp. Hardcover $12.24, isbn 978-1-101-87005-1. This volume is really more of a well-researched literary travelogue than an academic study, although it contains just as many facts. It consists of short accounts of Johnson's encounters and re-encounters with Chinese religious figures of various faiths, all strung together in a series of episodes that reveal key aspects of the religious renaissance that has taken place in China since 1989. Another strand uniting these vignettes is brief descriptions of the twenty-four roughly fifteen-day cycles of the seasons into which the traditional lunar calendar is divided each year; they precede new sections and foreshadow their contents. Johnson's mini-narratives also contain reflections on the fates of qigong and Falungong, plus various meditation fads that have come and gone over the past two decades. Arguably the most significant sub-narrative of this book, however, is its revelations about current Chinese Premier Xi Jinping's [End Page 274] involvement with Buddhism, and how the Party is trying to harness traditional Chinese religions as agents of social harmony. These make Johnson's tales relevant to the student of today's Chinese government, as well as society in general. Thus, this book has broader applications than just the sociology of religion, but it is mainly a first-person account of going on a quest to find the truth about what Chinese believe in today, and it is written in almost lyrical prose. The seven sections of Johnson's book are divided into thirty chapters, most of which deal with three religious groups: the Ni family in Beijing, which runs a "tea association" that provides free refreshments to Miaofengshan pilgrims; the Li family in rural Shanxi Province, who come from a long line of Daoist yinyang men and are torn about how to adjust their services to today's urbanizing Chinese; and Pastor Wang's Early Rain church in Chengdu, one of many unregistered Protestant congregations that worry the government. There are also a few chapters on Buddhist and Daoist meditation gurus who recruit disciples and students eager for spiritual relief amidst the hectic pace of Chinese society. Through Johnson's accounts of his conversations with them and observations of their practices, it is apparent that they are all trying to fill the immense spiritual vacuum created first by Mao's suppression of religion and then by the unbridled materialism of the Deng years. Johnson's first section thus begins with the theme of yuanxiao, the "First Night," or first full moon of the first lunar month (p. 4). At this time, he visits the Ni family in Beijing's Tolling Bell neighborhood, where of course the sound of temple bells is long gone; it is all new high rises (pp. 5–6). The complete lack of anything ancient in this quarter except its name does not deter Johnson, though, since he has realized that "Beijing's culture was not dead; it was being reborn in odd corners" (p. 6). This statement could be taken as the premise of the whole volume. The 81-year-old patriarch of the Ni family is Ni Zhenshan, who collaborates with the government official in charge of Miaofengshan, the capital's premier religious site (pp. 7–8), and the skill with which old Ni navigates the labyrinth of social and political obstacles to keep his Whole Heart Philanthropic Salvation Tea Association running, leads Johnson to pronounce on how things get done in the PRC; "Personal contact is how life is organized in China, whether running a pilgrimage, business, or political party. All of these have rules, regulations, or bylaws, but what really holds them together is a web of relationships that rarely fits on a flowchart" (p. 9). In every subsequent chapter, Johnson is therefore careful to delineate who is related to whom, who is whose guanxi, etc. While complex, these webs of relationships paint a detailed picture of how religion functions at the grassroots...

Values as Hypotheses: Design, Inquiry, and the Service of Values

Values: A Problem of Practice The question of the relationship of design and values has sparked much scholarship during the past 30 years. These investigations have led to the growing consensus that design is not a neutral activity; rather, it is value-laden: design is laden with, or bears, values. Despite substantial agreement that design is value-laden, significant variation arises in understanding how and why design bears values.1 Some scholars argue that artifacts act to determine what is possible and impossible in human engagements with the world—that is, products bear consequences that affect what we value in human life and living.2 Others note that products, broadly conceived, bear the conscious and unconscious intentions, values, and politics of the individuals and corporations that designed them.3 Some scholars propose that designed products bear the preferences and values of those who use them,4 while others view values as ideals, and design bears the burden of approximating an ideal.5 Others speak of products as embodying values, as valuebearing material expression.6 Others emphasize the capacity of designers and publics to give voice to values, to contest and argue for what should be valued; here, values are born and borne in argument.7 None of these positions offers a definitive, settled, or uncontested account of the relation of design and values. This scholarship, however, has led to calls for practitioners to explicitly address values in their everyday design practice. Values-oriented practitioners not only are faced with a variety of theoretical understandings; they also regularly encounter the empirical fact that a given value (e.g., autonomy) can be both valuable and not valuable in its participation in design products and practices. Batya Friedman provides a useful example that illustrates this problem. She describes a situation in which a new computer workstation, designed to support speech input and multimedia, includes a built-in, always-on microphone. When a user of this workstation wishes to have a conversation that is not recorded, she must go through multiple steps to turn off the microphone—a cumbersome solution. Out of this case, Friedman explores the concept of autonomy, she asks: 1 For a thorough scholarly explication of the history of ethics and design from a European perspective see, Anna Valtonen, “Back and Forth with Ethics in Product Development—A History of Ethical Responsibility as a Design Driver in Europe” (presentation, Conference of the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM), CergyPontoise, France, October 13, 2006). 2 Bruno Latour, “Where are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts,” in Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, ed. Wiebe E. Bijker and John Law (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1994), 225–58. 3 Langdon Winner, “Do Artifacts Have Politics?,” in The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for the Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 19–39. 4 Roland Barthes, Mythologies, 1st edition, Annette Lavers, trans. (New York: Hill and Wang, 1972); cf. (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1957). 5 Victor J. Papanek, Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change, 1st ed. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1972). 6 Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Design Noir: The Secret Life of Electronic Objects (Boston: August Media, 2001). 7 Carl DiSalvo, Adversarial Design (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2012).

HISHAM D. AIDI, Rebel Music: Race, Empire, and the New Muslim Youth Culture (New York: Pantheon Books, 2014)

HISHAM D. AIDI, Rebel Music: Race, Empire, and the New Muslim Youth Culture (New York: Pantheon Books, 2014)

‘Muscles for Motherhood’: A Genealogical Analysis of Medicalized Ways of Knowing Female Footballers in New Zealand, 1921 and 1973–1975

ABSTRACTMichel Foucault argued that females gradually became integrated into the sphere of medical practices through a process which he termed as a ‘hysterization of women’s bodies’ (Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume One: An Introduction, New York: Pantheon Books, 1978, 104). In this article, we draw on Foucault to examine how women’s bodies, exercise and motherhood impacted on the historical development of female football in New Zealand within two time periods (1921 and 1973–1975). Employing his genealogical framework, we analyze newspaper reports, historical documents and conducted in-depth interviews to demonstrate how medical/scientific discourses both constrained and enabled the participation of women in football. We conclude that while medical knowledge was used to publicly disqualify the legitimacy of the female footballer in 1921, and hence her abrupt disappearance from the sporting realm, the absence of such medical knowledge in the early 1970s, combined with societal changes associated with second wave feminism, paved the way for the eventual ‘normalization’ of female football in New Zealand.

Evolutionary Social Theory: The Current State of Knowledge

BOOKS UNDER REVIEW Boehm, Christopher. Moral Origins: The Evolution of Virtue, Altruism, and Shame. New York: Basic Books, 2012. Print. Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. A Cooperative Species: Reciprocity and Its Evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP; 2011. Print. Fukuyama, Francis. The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011. Print. --. Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. 1st ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014. Print. Haidt, Jonathan. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. New York: Pantheon Books, 2012. Print. Nowak, Martin A., and Roger Highfield. Supercooperators: Altruism, Evolution, and Why We Need Each Other to Succeed. New York: Free P, 2011. Print. Pinker, Steven. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. New York: Viking, 2011. Print. Wilson, Edward O. The Social Conquest of Earth. New York: Liveright, 2012. Print. A USABLE MODEL OF EVOLVED HUMAN SOCIALITY Biocultural is an integrative research program designed to investigate the causal interactions between biological adaptations and cultural constructions. The central premise of biocultural theory is that human behavior is produced by interactions between human and culture. Human nature this usage designates a species-typical array of evolved, genetically transmitted features of anatomy, physiology, and neurology. Culture designates a collective, transmissible body of shared skills, practices, beliefs, values, and imaginative experiences (Baumeister; Carroll, Truth; Hill; Richerson and Boyd; Sterelny; Tomasello et al.). From the biocultural perspective, cultural processes are rooted the biological necessities of the human life cycle: specifically human forms of birth, growth, survival, mating, parenting, and life a social (Muehlenbein and Flinn). Conversely, from the biocultural perspective, human biological processes are constrained, organized, and developed by culture, which includes technology, culturally specific socioeconomic and political structures, religious and ideological beliefs, and artistic practices such as music, dance, painting, and storytelling. Because culture is social, biocultural theory must include a good basic model of evolved human sociality. The elements of such a model have become available only within the past few years. Those elements are scattered throughout the books here under review and a small set of recent articles. None of the books or articles fully exemplifies the whole model. After laying out the model, I shall use it to evaluate the books, describing how each contributes to it, and measuring each against it. Until very recently, most discussions of evolved human sociality turned endlessly on an inconclusive debate between proponents of inclusive fitness theory and proponents of group selection' (Alexander; Boehm, Moral Origins; Hamilton, Rule, Aptitudes; Nesse; Pinker, Allure; Sober and Wilson; Trivers; D. S. Wilson, Critique; Wilson and Wilson; E. O. Wilson, Social Conquest). Advocates of inclusive fitness reduced social motives to nepotism, direct reciprocation (mutual back-scratching), and indirect reciprocation (giving credit to people with a reputation for reciprocating) (Boehm, Bullies, Moral Origins; Nowak). Proponents of selection felt rightly that these three sources could not adequately account for human prosociality, but they usually acceded to a misleading formula: selection favors selfishness within groups and favors altruism only conflict between groups. As David Sloan Wilson and Edward O. Wilson put it, in virtually all cases, traits labeled cooperative and altruistic are selectively disadvantageous within the groups and require between-group selection to evolve (335). …

The Story of Design

Writing a general history of design is a challenge which has been approached in a number of ways over the years, from Adrian Forty’s episodic Objects of Desire (Pantheon Books, New York, 1986), to Alice Rawsthorn’s recent issue-oriented Hello World (Hamish Hamilton, London, 2013). Running to 500 crown quarto pages, The Story of Design is a lavishly illustrated book, which makes some ambitious claims towards comprehensiveness in both press release and back cover. Laid out in a clear and readable manner, it displays good quality paper and binding, a no-nonsense table of contents, and a two-column layout which balances text and image throughout in a varied and engaging manner. Almost every page is illustrated, ranging from quarter to double page spreads, and these illustrations form a lively visual discussion alongside and in dialogue with the text, particularly as they represent a selection of images beyond the obvious ‘beauty shots’ of products on white backgrounds. They include a number of drawings (such as engravings, technical, patent and catalogue drawings), and contemporary photographs and advertisements, as well as ancillary material such as ergonomic diagrams and original covers of influential books and magazines.

The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Religion and Politics. By JonathanHaidt. New York: Pantheon Books, 2012. Pp. xvii + 419. $28.95.

The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Religion and Politics. By JonathanHaidt. New York: Pantheon Books, 2012. Pp. xvii + 419. $28.95.

Successful aging and subjective well-being among oldest-old adults.

This research integrates successful aging and developmental adaptation models to empirically define the direct and indirect effects of 2 distal (i.e., education and past life experiences) and 5 proximal influences (i.e., physical functioning, cognitive functioning, physical health impairment, social resources, and perceived economic status) on subjective well-being. The proximal influences involved predictors outlined in most extant models of successful aging (e.g., Rowe & Kahn, 1998 [Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books.]). Our model extends such models by including distal impact as well as interactions between distal and proximal impacts. Data were obtained from 234 centenarians and 72 octogenarians in the Georgia Centenarian Study. Structural equation modeling was conducted with Mplus 6.1. Results showed significant direct effects of physical health impairment and social resources on positive aspects of subjective well-being among oldest-old adults. We also found significant indirect effects of cognitive functioning and education on positive affect among oldest-old adults. Social resources mediated the relationship between cognitive functioning and positive affect; and cognitive functioning and social resources mediated the relationship between education and positive affect. In addition, physical health impairment mediated the relationship between cognitive functioning and positive affect; and cognitive functioning and physical health impairment mediated the relationship between education and positive affect. Integrating 2 different models (i.e., successful aging and developmental adaptation) provided a comprehensive view of adaptation from a developmental perspective.

The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health, and Disease. By Daniel E.Lieberman. xii + 460 pp. New York: Pantheon Books. 2013. $27.95 (cloth), $11.99 (e‐book).

The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health, and Disease. By Daniel E.Lieberman. xii + 460 pp. New York: Pantheon Books. 2013. $27.95 (cloth), $11.99 (e‐book).

Defining successful aging: a tangible or elusive concept?

Everyone wants to age successfully; however, the definition and criteria of successful aging remain vague for laypersons, researchers, and policymakers in spite of decades of research on the topic. This paper highlights work of scholars who made significant theoretical contributions to the topic. A thorough review and evaluation of the literature on successful aging was undertaken. Our review includes early gerontological definitions of successful aging and related concepts. Historical perspectives reach back to philosophical and religious texts, and more recent approaches have focused on both process- and outcome-oriented models of successful aging. We elaborate on Baltes and Baltes' theory of selective optimization with compensation [Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990a). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1-34). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press], Kahana and Kahana's preventive and corrective proactivity model [Kahana, E., & Kahana, B. (1996). Conceptual and empirical advances in understanding aging well through proactive adaptation. In V. Bengtson (Ed.), Adulthood and aging: Research on continuities and discontinuities (pp. 18-40). New York: Springer], and Rowe and Kahn's model of successful aging [Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books], outlining their commonalities and differences. Additional views on successful aging emphasize subjective versus objective perceptions of successful aging and relate successful aging to studies on healthy and exceptional longevity. Additional theoretical work is needed to better understand successful aging, including the way it can encompass disability and death and dying. The extent of rapid social and technological change influencing views on successful aging also deserves more consideration.

Iranian Studies in the United States and Constructions of Post-Revolutionary Iran: A Case Study

41 *Seyed Mohammad Marandi received his PhD in English Literature at Birmingham University. He is an Associate Professor at the University of Tehran. *Zeinab Ghasemi Tari is a PhD candidate at the University of Tehran. Correspondence Address: ghasemitari@ut.ac.ir 1 Edward Said (1978) Orientalism (New York: Pantheon Books), pp. 301-302. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Vol. XXXVII, No.2 Winter 2014 Iranian Studies in the United States and Constructions of Post-Revolutionary Iran: A Case Study Seyed Mohammad Marandi* Zeinab Ghasemi Tari* (I) Introduction There is of course a Middle East studies establishment, a pool of interests, “old boy” or “expert” networks linking corporate business, the foundations, the oil companies, the missions, the military, the Foreign Service, the intelligence community together with academic world. There are institutes, centers, faculties, departments, all devoted to legitimizing and maintaining the authority of a handful of basic, basically unchanging ideas about Islam, the Orient, and the Arabs.1 The depiction provided in the above quotation may seem somewhat cynical but it shows the deep concern that Edward Said and other critics of academic Orientalism felt about Middle East studies which in their view perpetuated the misrepresentations of the traditional Orientalists. With the emergence of the United States as a super power after the Second World War, Area Studies programs became increasingly significant as the need for knowing other regions of the world was felt more than ever. The United States strategic and political interests in the Middle East made Middle Eastern Studies of great political importance among other area studies 42 programs. In 1958, Middle Eastern studies started to attract a significant amount of financial aid through the National Defense Education Act, and the funding continues to present day. This importance becomes more evident when one considers the US government’s special funding donation to the Middle East studies programs.2 In his book Ivory Towers on Sand, Martin Kramer explains that despite a rather long history of Middle East Studies in the United States, such foundations and centers are still continuing to produce irrelevance due to professional deficiencies and prejudices of academicians. Regardless of whether Kramer’s criticisms of Middle Eastern studies and the reasons he provides in his book are valid or not, other reasons such as dominance of the ultra conservatives closely involved in these programs as well as the crucial economic leverage of some interests groups and think tanks are important factors in these academic endeavors. These considerations become more critical when one looks at Iranian Studies programs in the United States as a part of the area studies programs. As will be shown below, the Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 led to the construction of a discourse in the West that represented the Revolution as an Islamic fundamentalist and terrorist threat which fitted well with the existing Orientalist discourse and was reiterated and reinforced in academic circles. Other than politicians there seems to be a wide interest among the western audience in what is produced in the so called academic circles of the United States about Iran and more specifically the contemporary Iran. The desire and interest of the West in general and the US in particular in Iran has created a market of both audience and producers for materials that constantly confirms the pre-established discourse surrounding Iran. The emergence of the “native informant”3 is of great significance in this regard as they are usually considered as authentic and authoritative sources for gaining information about Iran. Often the “expertise” attributed to them cannot be easily dismissed. Iranian Studies is a very broad academic field of study which encompasses language, literature, culture, art and history, contemporary affairs and international relations and is taught in numerous universities 2 As an example one can refer to the United States Department of Education donation to the “Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships”, (FLAS) program. 3 Spivak defines “native informant” as a person positioned to speak on behalf of his/her ethic group or country, usually for the benefit of the Western investigator or audience: Spivak, G. C. (1999:6). 43 around the world. The present paper avoids an extensive survey of the field. The present...

Reviews [Four books reviewed

This set of Reviews covers Eden Medina's Cybernetic Revolutionaries (MIT Press, 2011), Per Lundin's Computers in Swedish Society (Springer, 2012), George Dyson's Turing's Cathedral (Pantheon Books, 2012), James W. Cortada's History Hunting (M.E. Sharpe, 2012).

Family Sagas and Checkpoint Dramas

Suad Amiry’s Sharon and My Mother-in-Law: Ramallah Diaries (Pantheon Books, 2004) describes the difficult predicament of life under military occupation in Ramallah. Using wit and humor, Amiry recounts her stifling existence during curfews and heavy shelling, her terrifying experiences at airports and Israeli checkpoints, and her challenges to remaining civil—and sane—when dealing with her elderly mother-in-law. Sharon and my Mother-in-Law transcends the private world of its writer to encompass collective stories of pain, displacement, and resilience among fellow Palestinians. This article provides an analysis of Amiry’s strategic use of humor as a way of resisting Israeli authority, articulating ethical and practical dilemmas resulting from the occupation, alleviating her sense of anxiety, and establishing social connections with others.

Alan Lightman. Mr g: A Novel about the Creation. New York: Pantheon Books, 2012. 214 pp.

Alan Lightman. Mr g: A Novel about the Creation. New York: Pantheon Books, 2012. 214 pp.

Developing a Taste for Coffee: Bangladesh, Nescafé, and Australian Student Photographers

Developing a Taste for Coffee: Bangladesh, Nescafé, and Australian Student Photographers

THE END OF THE GLOBAL EQUILIBRIUM: A COUNTER-NARRATIVE FROM THE SOUTH

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. For example unipolar hegemony, neo-liberal globalization, the September 11 2001 attacks in New York and Washington, the spread of Islamic fundamentalism. 2. The pioneering authority on Maoism, Stuart Schram, had been prescient when he opined as far back as 1963 that “For the moment there appears to be little possibility of meaningful dialogue, let alone of agreement between Mao Tse-tung and the United States. Yet, in the long run, Sino-American relations may well prove to be the most important single factor in shaping the world of the future.” See: Stuart Schram, The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung (New York: Praeger, 1963), p. 74. 3. Kimmo Kiljunen, Kampuchea: Decade of the Genocide (London: Zed Books, 1984), p. 84. 4. A. Doak Barnett, Communist China and Asia (New York: Random House, 1961), p. 337. 5. Umberto Melotti, Marx and the Third World (London: Macmillan, 1971), pp. 128–140. 6. V.I. Lenin, “Backward Europe and Advanced Asia,” in The Awakening of Asia (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973), pp. 28–29. 7. V.I. Lenin, “Better Fewer but Better,” in Selected Works (Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1952), Vol. 11, Part 11, p. 750. 8. Isaac Deutscher in his “Marxism, Wars and Revolutions” posthumously published an anthology of essays from four decades with an introduction by Tamara Deutscher. See: Isaac Deutscher, Marxism, Wars & Revolutions: Essays from Four Decades, ed. Tamara Deutscher(New York: Schocken Books, January 1985), 256 p. 9. Isaac Deutscher in his “Marxism, Wars and Revolutions” posthumously published an anthology of essays from four decades with an introduction by Tamara Deutscher. See: Isaac Deutscher, Marxism, Wars & Revolutions: Essays from Four Decades, ed. Tamara Deutscher(New York: Schocken Books, January 1985), p. 182. 10. J.V. Stalin, Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1972), pp. 30-32. 11. Isaac Deutscher, The Unfinished Revolution: Russia 1917–1967 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967), p. 91. 12. William Yandell Elliot, The Chomsky Reader (New York: Pantheon Books, 1987), p. 251. 13. Noam Chomsky, Radical Priorities (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1984), p. 226. 14. Harrison Salisbury, writing in 1969, envisaged the scenario and set out the consequences of any such rapprochement: “It would be dangerous to overlook the possibility that Mao's death could bring a sharp turn in Chinese policy, a switch back towards a line of arms-length collaboration with Moscow, a deliberate relaxation of border tensions, in ideology, and in relations with other Communist parties, an effort to minimize rather than maximize frictions. Such a right-angle turn in Chinese policy could … restore the Sino-Soviet alliance as a major actor in the world balance of power and inaugurate a new era of Russian-Chinese collaboration directed … specifically against the United States. It would confront the United States with the most critical foreign policy crisis of the century—the prospect of facing 1,000 to 1,200 million Chinese and Russians armed with nuclear weapons in bewildering array, the latest in modern military technology, striding the Eurasian supercontinent like a colossus.” See: Harrison Salisbury, The Coming War Between Russia and China (London: Pan, 1969), p. 205. 15. Keith Richburg, “Back to Vietnam,” Foreign Affairs (Fall 1991), pp. 111–132. 16. “The United States qualitatively expanded its relationship with China. As early as 1980 U.S.–Chinese cooperation assumed a more direct strategic dimension with sensitive undertakings not only toward Afghanistan but also on other matters. Thus the Soviet Union faced the growing geopolitical menace of a counter-encirclement.” See: Zbiegniew Brzezinski, “The Cold War and Its Aftermath,” Foreign Affairs (Fall 1992), p. 42. 17. See: “Resolution on CPC History (1949–1981),” adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on June 27, 1981 (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1981). 18. Franz Schurmann and Orville Schell, eds., Communist China (London: Penguin, 1968), pp. 598–602; also Mark Selden, ed., The People's Republic of China (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979), p. 107. 19. Lin Piao, The International Significance of Comrade Mao Tse-tung’ s Theory of Peoples’ War (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1965), in Franz Schurmann and Orville Schell, eds., Communist China (London: Penguin, 1968), pp. 342–354. 20. Hugh Seton Watson, “The Great Schism,” Encounter, 116 (London, May 1963), p. 61. 21. Regis Debray, Critique of Political Reason (London: Verso), 1983. 22. Harrison Salisbury, The Coming War Between Russia and China” pp. 184–185. 23. Fredric Jameson, The Political Unconscious (London: Methuen, 1981), pp. 101–102.

Book reviews (2 books reviewed)

This set of Book Reviews covers Everyday Information: The Evolution of Information Seeking in America edited by William Aspray and Barbara M. Hayes (MIT Press, 2011) and James Gleick's The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood (Pantheon Books, 2011).