Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Research Articles

Socio-emotional Development and Coping Mechanisms of Selected Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Families during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Families find various ways to adjust to the consequences brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, the new normal setting. While the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries, until then, experienced tremendous problems in securing a job and stable income, and now their situations are aggravated by the pandemic. This study aimed to determine the: (1) profiles; (2) challenges encountered; (3) socio-emotional development (perceived effects of the pandemic on attitudes, emotions, and socialization); and (4) coping mechanisms and suggestions of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program family beneficiaries in Sagpon, Daraga, Albay to overcome their socio-emotional changes. The researchers visited and assisted 10 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program families in answering the survey questionnaire with minimum health protocols observed. Key informant interviews were also conducted with 5 consenting families to collect more data on their experiences and coping mechanisms. The responses from the survey questionnaire were analyzed and interpreted using statistical tools and thematic analysis, while data from the key informant interviews used the case study method. The results revealed that the participants disagreed that they perceived the effects of the pandemic on their attitudes and emotions. In socialization, they believed that it is true to some extent that they experienced some changes. Among their perceived effects of the pandemic on their socio-emotional development were symptoms of hypochondriasis, anxiety, paranoia, and introversion. As coping mechanisms, they suggested praying, meditating, and doing collective hobbies with the family. An intervention is recommended to help the participants with their socio-emotional difficulties.

Challenges and Experiences of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 PS)

Challenges and Experiences of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 PS)

Factors that Influence Reproductive Health Decisions Among Low-Income Males Enrolled in an Anti-poverty Government Initiative in an Urban Community: A Qualitative Study Based on Thematic Analyses of Focus Group Discussions in Pasig, Philippines

Poor family planning greatly impacts both maternal and child health outcomes. While legislation of the 2012 Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law increased the access and use of contraceptives, there is still an unmet need for family planning in terms of limiting and spacing of births especially in the lower economic quintiles within densely populated urban communities. Meanwhile, while other studies have shown that male involvement in family planning yields beneficial reproductive health outcomes, local reproductive health policies by the government targeting men have remained very minimal. Therefore, this qualitative study explored the factors that influence the reproductive health decisions among low-income males which may augment the local government in creating reproductive health policies that extend to these demographics. Using a modified qualitative knowledge, attitudes and practices framework, low-income 18-45 year-old males enrolled in an anti-poverty government initiative, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), in Barangay, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City were included in this study. Four FGDs with 3-5 members recruited through purposive sampling were conducted between June 1-July 31, 2019. Thematic analysis was done using NVIVO software (ver. 11) and five themes emerged as the key factors that influence reproductive health decisions. Men enrolled in the 4Ps in Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City decide the contraceptives to use while their female partners use these contraceptives. (1) Safety issues and (2) compatibility on a contraceptive, (3) control over sex, (4) possible infidelity in marital dynamics, and (5) hegemonic masculinity are the five factors that influence their choice of family planning methods.

Exploring the Gap between Real and Ideal Poverty Graduation: A Case of Graduated 4Ps Household Beneficiary

In its effort to demonstrate an unwavering commitment to eradicate the adverse influence of poverty, the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program, otherwise known as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), distributes conditional cash handouts to the underprivileged households of the country. While numerous studies on the efficacy and effects of the 4Ps program have been undertaken, none of them have looked into the recent case of some household beneficiaries graduating from the program. Through this study, the gap between the real and ideal poverty graduation in the case of a graduated 4Ps household beneficiary was explored. The researchers utilized a single case study as a research design and interviewed one (1) graduate 4Ps household beneficiary of Tacloban City who was purposely selected. Furthermore, the data gathered were comprehensively examined through thematic content analysis. As a result, the definition of poverty graduation may vary depending on the household’s level of self- sufficiency at the time of program exit. Thus, this finding was drawn based on the participant’s identified challenges encountered, including high dependency on lifeline connections, insufficient financial support, and decadency of financial capability, as well as the employed coping mechanisms namely supplementary capital investment to business and shoestring budgeting.

Examining the Association Between Household Enrollment in the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and Wasting and Stunting Status Among Children Experiencing Poverty in the Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study assessed whether enrollment in a national conditional cash transfer program was associated with wasting and stunting among children experiencing extreme poverty in the Philippines. Data were drawn from cross-sectional surveys collected from 10 regional areas in the Philippines between April 2018 and May 2019. A total of 2945 children aged between six months and 12 years comprised the analytical sample. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to estimate the association between enrollment in Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and stunting and wasting, controlling for sociodemographic factors and clustering by region. There was no meaningful association between household enrollment in 4Ps and the wasting status of children, but enrollment in 4Ps was associated with lower odds of stunting and differed by geography type. Findings suggest that the current design of 4Ps may not address sudden shocks that contribute to wasting, but may address the underlying socioeconomic risk factors associated with stunting.

Satisfaction Level of the Beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s)

Poverty is the most serious issue in the Philippines. The Philippine government’s response to the Millennium Development ans Sustainable Development Goals (?) of alleviating poverty worldwide is to provide cash assistance to Filipino households living below the poverty line. This financial assistance is an avenue for immediately responding to people’s needs, particularly in health and education; it is known as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps in the Philippines. It aims to reduce poverty in the Philippines by investing in health and education, particularly for children aged 0 to 18. This research aims to assess the level of satisfaction of 4Ps beneficiaries with the cash grant they received from the government to cover their daily and other expenses. This research used the quantitative research design and the study was conducted in Nueva Ecija which covers 27 municipalities through an online survey. The researcher uses convenience sampling to identify the sample populating of Rao Soft calculator. The data collected from the locale were encoded, tallied, and analyzed. Statistical tools such as Percentage, Frequency Distribution, Weighted Mean, and Pearson R were used in analyzing the data gathered. According to the findings, beneficiaries are very satisfied with using their cash grants for educational purposes. It also shows that aside from education, food is the expense that the cash grants that were being misappropriated. Lastly, it is highly recommended that the beneficiaries be engaged in other worthwhile activities to be given by the local government unit for them to grow their money, so there would be no misappropriation in using the cash grants.

Impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to the Education, Health and Nutrition Status of Learner-Beneficiaries in the Third Congressional District of Quezon

Impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to the Education, Health and Nutrition Status of Learner-Beneficiaries in the Third Congressional District of Quezon

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Selected Schools in the Division of Palawan

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Selected Schools in the Division of Palawan

Lived Experiences of Former Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Beneficiaries

Lived Experiences of Former Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Beneficiaries

Factors affecting attitude towards risk: The case of small-scale fishers in Guimaras

The presence of risk and uncertainty in the field of capture fisheries warrants an understanding of how small-scale fishers respond to these uncertainties. Previous studies showed that fishers’ decision-making process is influenced by various factors, including their risk preference. Studies on this subject are scarce despite the relative importance of risk preference in explaining small-scale fisher’s behavior. This study used a multiple price list experiment to elicit small-scale fisher’s risk preference in Guimaras province and employed multinomial logit regression to determine socioeconomic factors influencing risk preference. The results showed that small-scale fishers are slightly risk-averse given the mean Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) coefficient of 0.20. This risk-averse attitude is significantly influenced by monthly household income, being a Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s) beneficiary, and having outstanding credit. Therefore, the risk-averse attitude of small-scale fishers is an essential consideration in implementing fishery regulations and poverty alleviation programs.

Child and Caregiver Reporting on Child Maltreatment and Mental Health in the Philippines Before and After an International Child Development Program (ICDP) Parenting Intervention

Child maltreatment is a serious problem affecting millions of children. Research on self-reporting of child maltreatment has shown a difference in reporting between caregivers and children. Increased understanding of this has implications for further evaluations of parenting programmes and assessment of violence and maltreatment. The purpose of this study was to explore caregiver-child reporting discrepancies on child maltreatment and emotional health before and after piloting of the International Child Development Program (ICDP) in the Philippines. Data was collected from caregivers and their children before and after caregiver participation in ICDP. Participants were selected from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in Leyte by Save the Children. Caregivers and children completed a questionnaire with some adapted items from the Conflict Tactics Scale Parent–Child version (CTSPC), some relevant complementary items on psychological aggression and items from the emotional problems subscale from the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Matching items, subscales and total count scores were compared using paired t-tests in STATA 14. Forty-six caregivers and 43 children aged from 5–13 years participated at baseline, and 44 caregivers and 42 children at endline. At baseline, children reported significantly more maltreatment than their caregivers. The groups reported similarly at baseline and endline on the items from the subscale on emotional problems. Both children and caregivers had lower scores on our harsh discipline scale at endline, indicating improved parenting strategies after the intervention. These results indicate a difference in reporting of child maltreatment between caregivers and children, with higher rates reported by the children before the intervention, but not after. This is important because it illustrates child and caregiver perspectives on maltreatment, and how they can differ. As such, our findings point towards a positive effect of ICDP on parenting.

Perceived Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries of Apayao State College

The study aimed to determine the perceived factors affecting the academic performance of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries of Apayao State College. Significantly, perceived factors such as personal, family, school, teacher, community and multi-media sometimes affect the academic performance of the 4Ps respondents except for peer factors. Furthermore, it has also been a result of this study that there is a significant relationship between the profile variables and the academic performance of the respondents except for age. However, the level of the academic performance of the student is found as satisfactory so it has to be improved to attain higher grades in all the subject areas in school. It is acknowledged further, that the academic performance is a multi-factorial variable; hence other problems that affect their academic performance should be dealt with in order to look into other variables affecting academic performance.

Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer on Kalinga Women and Children: Evidence of a Randomized Survey

Background/Objectives: In the Philippines, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) that aims to help the poor by providing cash grants to beneficiaries. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study made use of mixed design, employing both quantitative approach for the use of a survey questionnaire and qualitative approach through a series of key-informant interviews held with beneficiaries’, community leaders and members, and persons directly involved in the program’s implementation. Focused group discussions were also conducted to assess the extent of community-driven development, women empowerment, and happiness wellbeing of the sample households. Findings: The study reveals that the respondents perceived that the CCT-4Ps program has a moderate impact on their lives and the identified weaknesses were perceived as moderately serious. For Kalinga’s low-income families, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program has a lot of compelling objectives, goals, and rewards. The 4Ps are an excellent illustration of how the government may improve its ability to allocate the country’s resources to people who need them. It is evident that the mentioned program will benefit a large number of underprivileged families. The program meets fundamental requirements that would otherwise go unmet, and it mirrors the government’s efforts to promote social mobility and equality. The 4Ps theory, according to the academics, states that well-fed and educated persons are essential for a prosperous country and society. The CCT-4Ps, on the other hand, is undeniably not the ideal solution. There are a number of flaws in the program that could cause it to fail in the long run. In the Kalinga, the 4Ps will undoubtedly require more adjustments and research in the future. Novelty: The study is a significant information to improve the implementation, specifically the selection, monitoring and improvement, of the 4Ps program in Kalinga Province. Keywords: Conditional Cash Transfer; Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program; Kalinga Women; Randomized Survey; Philippines

Rang-Ay Babaen ti 4Ps: Its Impact to Selected Ilokano Beneficiaries in Santiago, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

The pressing problem on poverty have led the Philippine government to initiate program on poverty alleviation, and one of these programs is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). Review of related studies revealed that there is a need to investigate the impact of this program. In this context, this case study was conducted to determine the impact of the 4Ps in terms of poverty reduction, social development, financial management, and livelihood empowerment. Through the use of an aide-mémoire, six (6) beneficiaries and their families were interviewed. Results of thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that 4Ps program provides the families’ basic needs, promotes the families’ well-being, promotes their socioeconomic status, and provides capital for their livelihood. Clearly, the program had positive impact on the lives of the beneficiaries which characterizes the Ilokano phrase ‘Rang-ay Babaen ti 4Ps’ which means the improvement of the quality and status of the beneficiaries’ lives after adopting the 4Ps program.

Uncovering the Voting Criteria of the 4Ps Grantees in Tacloban City: A Case Study

The right to suffrage is a powerful right given to the citizens of a country. Making a voting criterion will lead to setting a standard that will help in choosing a qualified public servant. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4?Ps) Grantees, the parents of the beneficiaries, as one of the groups in society which receive assistance from the government primarily for their children, play a crucial role in selecting political candidates that will continuously support and assist them. This study uncovers how 4Ps grantees in Tacloban City create criteria in choosing whom to vote. With this, the researchers utilized a descriptive study to determine how the 4?Ps grantees assess electoral candidates and describe how such assessments influence the development of their criteria in choosing whom to vote during the election period. In-depth interviews were utilized in gathering the data with 10 4Ps grantees participants selected purposively. Furthermore, the data gathered were thoroughly analyzed through thematic analysis. The analysis of research findings indicates that the criteria set by the 4?Ps grantees in Tacloban City voters do not give emphasis on the gender, popularity, and background in voting for candidates. The results revealed that in choosing a candidate, 4Ps grantees set criteria that includes politically equipped, man of service, communal sense, good personality, morally upright and gender neutral.

Limits to Transformational Potential: Analysing Entitlement and Agency within a Conditional Cash Transfer Program in the Philippines

Despite serving as the Philippines’ main social protection strategy, debate continues surrounding the ability of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) to meet its long-term goal of breaking cycles of intergenerational poverty. To engage with this debate, this study brings together the constructs of entitlement and agency to analyse how different actors associated with 4Ps understand and experience the program. Drawing on forty-three semi-structured interviews with 4Ps beneficiaries, non-beneficiaries, and implementers, we provide a provisional explanation as to why a disconnect exists between the long-term goals of 4Ps and the experiences with the program among these different actors. In addition, this study highlights how challenges associated with the design and implementation of 4Ps, including limited transparency and communication of the program’s eligibility requirements, rigid monitoring of beneficiary compliance, and delays in receiving cash transfers, may constrain the transformational potential of this social protection strategy.

Cash Benefits of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4ps) in Surigao Del Norte, Philippines

4Ps is a poverty reduction strategy that provides grants to extremely poor households to improve their health, nutrition and education particularly of children aged 0-14. This program is a lead-project of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), in support of Department of Education (DepEd), and Department of Health (DOH).This study aimed to determine the sufficiency of the actual cash allocation received by the beneficiaries as to health, nutrition and education and problems they encountered with regards to the implementation of the program. Descriptive design using Survey Technique was utilized in this study, wherein the 854P’s beneficiaries of San Francisco, Surigao del Norte were participants of the study. Based on the findings of the study, the cash grant for health and nutrition, and education were insufficient to cover the actual expenses on health and educational needs of the beneficiaries’ children. Moreover, delayed cash releases and strict rules and regulations were the major problems pointed out by the beneficiaries. It is recommended that DSWD in support with other lead agencies must come up with entrepreneurial/livelihood training and workshops for beneficiaries to augment the income and sustain their daily needs.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries: An Analysis of Their Satisfaction Levels

This study examined the difference in the satisfaction level of 4Ps beneficiaries in Barangay VI, Victorias City, Negros Occidental, Philippines between the year 2015 and year 2020. The design of the study used a descriptive comparative method of research. The participants were 216 from 2015, 250 from 2020, and were official 4Ps beneficiaries of Barangay VI, Victorias City, Negros Occidental in the specified years. Results were analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean, and T-test. The findings revealed that the majority of them were above 30 years old with 349 (74.89%), female with 425 (91.20%), married with 359 (77.04%), laborers with 268 (57.51%), with 1-3 number of children with 261 (56%), and high school level of educational attainment with 284 (60.95%). Further, it indicated that there was an increasing trend in the 4Ps parent-beneficiaries in 2020 with the following: above 30 years old (41.2%) widow (7.1%), single parent (9.9%), no work (17.4%), laborers (8.8%), college level (4.8%) and college graduates (0.1%). It revealed the decreasing trend in the year 2020 with the following 4Ps parent beneficiaries: 30 years old and above (46.8%) and married (13.5%). The satisfaction level of 4Ps beneficiaries to CCT has significantly increased to a high level of satisfaction by 2020. There was a significant difference in the satisfaction level of 4Ps parent- beneficiaries to the CCT program which revealed that the satisfaction level survey was higher in 2020 than in 2015 especially in terms of health grants and education grants. Lastly, it was recommended to provide sustainable programs that would enhance the living conditions and nutrition grants of locals.

Understanding Poverty in Samar, Philippines: A Sociological Perspective

Poverty in the Philippines remains a challenge. In a recent nationwide self-rated survey of the Social Weather Station, more Filipino households consider themselves poor despite the positive feedback on one of the government’s poverty alleviation programs, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4PS). This qualitative study utilized a phenomenological approach to explore the reasons behind this claim. It explored the experiences of poverty from the lower class status, particularly the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries. The study revealed that norms and practices in the family might contribute to their claim of poverty, such as poor lifestyle choices, difficulty prioritizing needs, lack of parenting style, and extended family. Parents’ low education and lack of financial literacy are seen as another factor of poverty. Likewise, religion plays a part in responding to poverty. Participants assert that there is psychological comfort in experiencing poverty because of their religious convictions. Thus, it can be reasoned that sociological factors can affect poverty.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Household Beneficiaries in Malilipot

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Household Beneficiaries in Malilipot