Little Millet Research Articles

Genetic Variability and Association Studies ofYield and its Components in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)

Genetic Variability and Association Studies ofYield and its Components in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)

Tillage and Nutrient Management Strategies to Improve the Performances of Little Millet under Irrigated Condition

Background: Millets rank sixth among cereal grains which has a great potential in contributing to food and nutritional security. Little millet (Panicum sumatrense L.), a minor millet, quick germinating, short duration crop tolerant to drought, excess moisture and also rich in nutrients. Use of improved varieties and good agronomic management such as tillage practices, crop rotation, cropping system and fertilization by nutrient management through organic manures and foliar supplementation during critical stages helps in improving the soil fertility and maximize the crop productivity. Hence, there is a need to develop the organic nutrient management of minor millets for food production, nutritional security and maintaining the soil fertility as well as productivity. Based on this consideration, a new immersing attempt was made to develop and identify the suitable tillage prac­tices and nutrient management practices on growth and yield of little millet. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the research farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during summer and rabi season 2022 in order to investigate the growth and yield performances of little millet under tillage and different nutrient sources. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with 2 main plot and 7 sub-plot treatments. The main plot consist of tillage practices viz., conventional tillage and farmer’s practices whereas sub-plot consist of nutrient management practices includes organic manures along with foliar nutrition. Result: The results revealed that conventional tillage (Disc plough + Cultivator + Rotovator) with application of enriched vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 followed by foliar spray of 3% panchagavya on 30th DAS and 5% of egg amino acid on 45th DAS had greater effect on growth parameters and yield attributes of little millet during summer and rabi season, 2022.

AMMI Model based Stability of Little millet [Panicum sumatrense Roth. Ex. Roem. & Schult.] Advanced Lines Evaluated across Eighteen Environments in India

AMMI Model based Stability of Little millet [Panicum sumatrense Roth. Ex. Roem. & Schult.] Advanced Lines Evaluated across Eighteen Environments in India

Understanding the Genetic Basis of Yield-related Traits in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz.) Germplasm through Association and Diversity Analysis

Background: Little millet is an important crop grown by tribal farmers in India. Genetic variability can be exploited to develop new varieties with higher yield. However, yield is complex and depends on multiple interconnected component characters. Diversity analyses, such as D2 analysis, are used to evaluate the diversity among genotypes and determine the traits that contribute the most diversity in a given population. These analyses are crucial for achieving the goal of developing new varieties with increased yield. Methods: In this study, 323 little millet genotypes were evaluated using an Augmented RCBD, focusing on ten quantitative traits. The experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-2021, and good agronomic practices were followed. D square cluster analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data, with the "R" tool and the "biotools" and "agricolae" packages, respectively. Result: In this study, 323 little millet genotypes classified into thirteen distinct clusters based on Mahalanobis's D2 statistics, reflecting differences in their phenotypic characteristics. The largest cluster (cluster I) included 243 genotypes, while the smallest clusters (Cluster IX, Cluster X, Cluster XI, Cluster XII and Cluster XIII) had only 1 genotype. The inter-cluster distance varied, with the largest value (577.7) between cluster V and XII. This analysis can be useful for identifying desirable genotypes and understanding the population's genetic diversity and structure.

Morpho-Molecular Genetic Diversity Analysis of Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense) using Yield Attributing Traits and ISSR Markers to Evaluate its Performance as a Summer Crop

The knowledge of genetic diversity among the genotypes and its relationship plays a vital role for genetic improvement in crop breeding programs. The present study was conducted to assess the performance of 18 little millet genotypes in local conditions of Bihar and analyze the genetic diversity by using morphological traits and 16 ISSR markers. The field experiment was conducted in RBD design in the month of April 2020, to evaluate the performance of the plant as a summer crop. ANOVA analysis revealed the presence of substantial amount of variability among 18 genotypes. The maximum mean sum of square values was recorded for plant height followed by flag leaf length within the genotypes. The descriptive statistical analysis showed that plant height followed by length of flag leaf contributed the most towards the divergence. A total of 117 alleles including 43 unique alleles and 74 shared alleles were obtained by amplification with ISSR primers. All the primers were highly polymorphic and produced amplified product with a size ranged between 354-2315 bp. The primers UBC 807 followed by HB 10 and UBC 814 were found to be the most effective in detecting genetic diversity. The dendrogram based on Dice’s similarities coefficient, grouped the genotypes into five clusters. The genotypes WV-168 and WV-115 followed by WV-122 and WV-124 were found to have greatest variability. The present study identified genotypes which can be grown as summer crops. The diversified genotypes among the population were also identified, which could be utilized as parents for breeding program.

Fortification and Development of Nutritive Rich Cupcake using Prunus dulcis

Background: Almond (Prunus dulcis) is the most consumed tree nut, next to walnut and cashew and India is number one importer of almonds. Ingredients such as Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea), Kodo millet (Panicum sumatrense) and Black rice (Oryza sativa) were popular in the past but neglected by people now a days due to changes in the life style and regular food intake. Taking this into consideration an attempt was made to utilize these ingredients to develop a low-cost cupcake (Almocake) with high calcium and magnesium content for people suffering from micronutrient deficiency. The current rate of cupcakes per kg is approximately 700 rs/kg but the “Almocake” is 495 rs per kg, which is much lesser than the commercially available one. Methods: The ingredients were procured, dry roasted and ground. Three different proportions supplemented with 1:2:2:2, 1:2:1:2 and 2:1:1:1 ABVB (Almond, Barnyard millet, Kodo millet and Black rice) per serving were prepared and sensory analysis was carried out using a five-point hedonic scale that considered appearance, texture, taste and aroma. Result: The proportion 2:1:1:1 was found to be comparatively better than the other proportions. Nutritional analysis tests show that calcium content of 39.4 mg and Magnesium content of 23.8 mg were present in the cupcake. The antioxidant activity by DPPH antioxidant test was found to be 60%. The shelf life analysis by spread plate technique of the product was observed to be 20 days.

Impact of gamma irradiation and packaging on the storage quality of little millet (Panicum sumatrense) flour

Impact of gamma irradiation and packaging on the storage quality of little millet (Panicum sumatrense) flour

Characterization of little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz) landraces and varieties for genetic diversity and association of traits

Characterization of little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz) landraces and varieties for genetic diversity and association of traits

Genetic variability and association analysis of yield and yield attributing traits in little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz.)

Genetic variability and association analysis of yield and yield attributing traits in little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz.)

LMTdb: A comprehensive transcriptome database for climate-resilient, nutritionally rich little millet (Panicum sumatrense).

Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) a native of Chhattisgarh, belongs to the minor millet group and is primarily known as a climate-resilient and nutritionally rich crop. However, due to the lack of enough Omic studies on the crop, the scientific community has largely remained unaware of the potential of this crop, resulting in less scope for its utilization in crop improvement programs. Looking at global warming, erratic climate change, nutritional security, and limited genetic information available, the Little Millet Transcriptome Database (LMTdb) (https://igkv.ac.in/xenom/index.aspx) was conceptualized upon completion of the transcriptome sequencing of little millet with the aim of deciphering the genetic signatures of this largely unknown crop. The database was developed with the view of providing information about the most comprehensive part of the genome, the 'Transcriptome'. The database includes transcriptome sequence information, functional annotation, microsatellite markers, DEGs, and pathway information. The database is a freely available resource that provides breeders and scientists a portal to search, browse, and query data to facilitate functional and applied Omic studies in millet crops.

Genotype×Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Quality Parameters in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)

Genotype×Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Quality Parameters in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)

Study on character association and path analysis in little millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)

Study on character association and path analysis in little millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)

Identification of resistant sources and evaluation of biocontrol agents for suppression of banded leaf and sheath blight in little millet (Panicum sumatrense)

Identification of resistant sources and evaluation of biocontrol agents for suppression of banded leaf and sheath blight in little millet (Panicum sumatrense)

Physiochemical study on storage of little millet (Panicum miliare) in hermetic storage

Physiochemical study on storage of little millet (Panicum miliare) in hermetic storage

Performance of Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense) Varieties Under Different Fertility Level in Rainfed Conditions of Uttarakhand Hills

Performance of Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense) Varieties Under Different Fertility Level in Rainfed Conditions of Uttarakhand Hills

Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.)

The present study was conducted to evaluate Genotype × Environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield, its components in 50 little millet genotypes under three environments i.e. Waghai, Vanarasi and Navsari locations (Gujarat, India) in year Kharif-2020. Stability analysis revealed that G x E interaction was significantly differed for all the characters except calcium content (mg/100g) and ash content (mg/100g) indicated that different genotypes reacted differently to different environmental conditions. Estimates of environmental indices indicated that Waghai location was favourable for most of the yield contributing characters along with quality parameters followed by Navsari and Vanarasi. The results of present study revealed that none of the genotypes exhibited average stability for all the characters. Among the genotypes, WV 262, WV 258, WV 256, WV 293 and WV 273 were found average stable over environments for grain yield per plant with one or more yield contributing characters and quality parameters. So, these genotypes may be used in further breeding programme in little millet.

Development and Evaluation of Sorghum and Little Millet Based Ladoo

Millets are called Nutri-cereals which are nutritionally superior when compared to that of staple cereals like rice and wheat and have numerous health benefits in improving the overall health of consumers. In spite of their multiple health benefits, millets are only consumed by people who are of low income group. The present study was done to develop and analyse the nutritional value, physiochemical properties and shelf life studies of millet ladoo as readymade snack which is developed through standardization process by blending the major millet i.e Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and minor millet i.e. Little millet (Panicum sumatrense), Tamarind kernel powder (Tamarindus indica), Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), Bengal gram flour (chick pea) ghee and palm jaggery powder. Millet ladoo that was highly accepted by thirty semi-trained panel members through nine point hedonic scale by formulating sorghum, little millet and other ingredients showed total carbohydrates, protein, fat and fibre about 55.68, 7.54, 20.2 and 2.88% respectively. The sensory evaluation of the acceptable ladoo revealed that the texture, appearance, color, aroma, taste and all quality parameters were in acceptable range during storage. The product shelf life was found to be 30 days with addition of preservative i.e. food grade potassium sorbate followed by packaging of millet ladoo by using polyethylene terephthalate tray as primary packaging material and multilayer plastic laminate pouch as a secondary packaging material. The shelf life of millet ladoo was 15 days without addition of preservative when packed in polyethylene terphthalate tray that was placed in multilayer plastic laminate pouch at room temperature. The sensory parameters of millet ladoo packed in polyethylene terphthalate tray without multilayer plastic laminate pouch was not acceptable for further studies. The work done was an attempt to develop value added products of major and minor millets and increase consumption of millet products for better nutrition of consumers.

Structural, functional, textural characterization and in vitro starch digestibility of underutilized Kutki millet (Panicum sumatrense) flour

Structural, functional, textural characterization and in vitro starch digestibility of underutilized Kutki millet (Panicum sumatrense) flour

Influence of Ƴ-irradiation and genotype on the structural and techno-functional properties and microbial quality of Millet flour

Barnyard(Echinochloautilis),Finger (Eleusinecoracana), Foxtail (Setaria italic), Kodo (Paspalumsetaceum) Little (Panicum sumatrense),Pearl (Pennisetumglaucum), and Proso(Penicummiliaceum) millets are staple foods for Indian and African diets.Post harvest handling primarily the storage conditions during rainy season leads to significant losses of millets in Asia and Africa.Poor storage conditions during rainy seasons lead to germination and fungal growth due to poor storage infrastructure facilities in Asia and Africa. To prevent food losses and to understand the irradiation influence on biopolymer functionality, the millets were irradiated at a dosage of 2.5 and 5 kGy at 12% and 14% moisture contents and milled to prepare the flour.The flour was analysed for microbial count and changes in structural and functional properties to understand the implications on end-use. Post irradiation, oil absorption, emulsion capacity, and water absorption decreased significantly (p≤0.05), while foaming capacity, emulsion stability, and foaming stability increased. Hunter color values L*, a*, and b* showed different trends with an increase in dosage of irradiation.FTIR studies revealed that there were shifts in the functional groups, primarily a decrease in the intensities of O-H, C-H, and O=C stretches and the bending mode of water.Scanning electron microscopy at 2500x magnification revealed different morphological shapes from spherical, polygonal, and a few spherical granules. In our studies we observed that gamma irradiation decreases the nicrobial count and at the same time deactivates the germinating enzymes.Therefore the irradiation treatment is an affordable and effective methodology to prevent post harvest losses of millets In general, irradiation influenced the millet flour functionality and a decrease in microbial with irradiation , therefore,irradiation can help prevent post-harvestmillet lossesin developing nations. Studies on controlled irradiation can help improve the flour properties for better end use

Effect of little millet ( Panicum miliare ) on physical, rheological, nutritional and microstructural properties of bread

The present study aims to use little millet for development of composite bread based on its functional, rheological, physical, textural, sensory, microstructural and nutritional characteristics. Composite flours were formulated with various proportions (10%, 25% and 40% w/w) of little millet flour (LMF) in refined wheat flour (RWF). The water holding capacity (WHC), water absorption index (WAI), and water solubility index (WSI) of the dough were affected with LMF incorporation. The decrease in storage modulus (G′) and increase in power law exponent (0.081 to 0.203) with rise in LMF percent in flour indicated the less elastic nature of composite dough. The loaf weight, height, and volume of the developed bread were found as 4.9%, 17.3%, and 10.1% less than the control bread, respectively. Physical, textural, and sensory analysis revealed that 25% LMF incorporated bread was found to be acceptable, and it showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in fiber content (25.5%). Practical applications An attempt is made to develop a functional bread using underutilized LMF for the health-conscious group of people. The current research characterized the physical, rheological, textural, and microstructural changes imparted in bread through millet flour incorporation, which could be successfully referred during composite bread production. A substitute of 25% LMF was acceptable, and the developed bread was found to have a significant increase in fiber content, which can prove to be highly beneficial for individuals suffering from heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. This study can act as a support for the milling industry to produce composite flour blends, and it may also be helpful to bring out convenient bakery products into the market, which can replace the wheat-based products.