Pangasius Sp Research Articles

The Effect of Adding Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Sidr Leaf Extract (Ziziphus spina-christi) (CPNs SLE) in Diet on Pangasius sp. Infected Aeromonas hydrophila

One of the bacterial types that affects freshwater fish is Aeromonas hydrophila. These bacteria cause the occurrence of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease. This study investigates the impact and optimal dosage of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with sidr leaves extract (SLE) on clinical manifestations, growth, hematological parameters, and survival rates of Pangasius sp. infected A. hydrophila. The experimental design employed a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications, utilizing 150 fish with an average length of 7-9 cm. Treatments included the addition of 10 ppm tetracycline (K+) in the diet and CNPs SLE with concentrations A (0 ppm), B (450 ppm), C (500 ppm), and D (550 ppm). The results demonstrate that incorporating CNPs SLE into the diet yields beneficial effects on infected Pangasius sp., leading to faster recovery from clinical symptoms, enhanced growth rates, and increased survival rates of up to 85%. The optimal dosage of CNPs SLE for Pangasius sp. infected A. hydrophila in the feed is determined to be 500 ppm.

The Effect of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Solution in Different Concentration to the Lead (Pb) Heavy Metal Content of the Smoked Catfish (Pangasius sp)

This research aims to study the effect of soaking smoked catfish in tamarind solution at various concentrations on its heavy metal content. The study was carried out from May to June 2024. Smoked catfish was purchased from I Epil Village, Lais District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The study used a completely randomized design with one treatment, namely the concentration of tamarind solution, with four treatment levels, namely 0% (A0 or control), 5% (A1), 10% (A2) and 15% (A3), each with three repetitions. The analysis results obtained were processed by using ANOVA, then post host test by using Duncan. Statistical analysis by using the SPSS 20.0. The lead (Pb) analysis showed that the control smoked catfish (A0) contained 0.307µg/g of Pb, exceeding the safe limit set by the Indonesian National Standardization Agency. Soaking in tamarind solution significantly reduced the Pb content, namely A1 (5%) by 89.57% (0.032µg/g), A2 (10%) by 97.39% (0.008µg/g) and A3 (15%) by 91.85 % (0.025µg/g). The hedonic test showed that the aroma and taste were significantly different. Post hoc test results showed that the aroma of A1, A2 and A3 was significantly different from the control (A0); the taste of A1, A2 and A3 were significantly different from the control (A0); A1 is significantly different from A3. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the best treatment is A2 (10%).

Catfish Jambal Roti Pangasius sp: Product Characteristics based on Salt Concentration and Fermentation Length

Catfish (Pangasius sp.) has high nutritional value and can be used to make various products, one of which is jambal roti. This research aims to determine the characteristics of jambal bread based on fermentation time and salt concentration. The research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with three levels of fermentation duration (A), namely A1:24 hours, A2:36 hours and A3:48 hours at two levels of salt concentration (B), namely B1:25% and B2:30% repeated 3 times. The parameters assessed are sensory characteristics, total plate number, water content, ash content and salt content. The results showed that the sensory values ​​were appearance (7.82-8.30), smell (8.14-8.25), taste (8.04-8.41), texture (7.66-8.68), mold (9.00). The research results also showed total plate number (0-1.037 x 103), water content (26.99 - 32.29%), ash content (18.98 - 23.34%) and salt content (19.44 - 24,50%). ALT meets standard quality requirements (SNI 2721.1-2009), water content complies with SNI (8376:2017), ash content does not meet the SNI (8376:2017), and salt content in 2 samples (A1B2 and A2B2) only meets SNI (8376:2017). The characteristics of Catfish Jambal Roti Patin this study, in general, are in accordance with SNI (8376:2017)

The Effect of Adding Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Sidr Leaf Extract (Ziziphus spina-christi) (CPNs SLE) in Diet on Pangasius sp. Infected Aeromonas hydrophila

One of the bacterial types that affects freshwater fish is Aeromonas hydrophila. These bacteria cause the occurrence of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease. This study investigates the impact and optimal dosage of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with sidr leaves extract (SLE) on clinical manifestations, growth, hematological parameters, and survival rates of Pangasius sp. infected A. hydrophila. The experimental design employed a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications, utilizing 150 fish with an average length of 7-9 cm. Treatments included the addition of 10 ppm tetracycline (K+) in the diet and CNPs SLE with concentrations A (0 ppm), B (450 ppm), C (500 ppm), and D (550 ppm). The results demonstrate that incorporating CNPs SLE into the diet yields beneficial effects on infected Pangasius sp., leading to faster recovery from clinical symptoms, enhanced growth rates, and increased survival rates of up to 85%. The optimal dosage of CNPs SLE for Pangasius sp. infected A. hydrophila in the feed is determined to be 500 ppm.

Determination of Secondary Compounds in Extracts from Catfish (Pangasius sp)

Ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) umumnya dijumpai pada perairan air tawar di Indonesia, seperti di Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Di Sumatera Selatan, ikan jenis ini digunakan sebagai salah satu kuliner seperti pindang dan brengkes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak ikan patin (Pangasius sp.). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif dengan menggunakan ekstrak yang diperoleh dari kulit, tulang, dan daging ikan patin. Ekstrak yang digunakan adalah ekstrak dari pelarut etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana dengan proses maserasi dan akudes dengan proses infusa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak etanol, kulit ikan mengandung alkaloid, saponin, dan steroid; pada tulang mengandung flavonoid dan saponin; pada daging mengandung alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid. Pada ekstrak etil asetat, kulit dan tulang ikan mengandung alkaloid; sedangkan pada daging mengandung flavonoid dan steroid. Pada ekstrak n-heksana, kulit ikan mengandung alkaloid dan steroid; tulang ikan mengandung alkaloid; dan daging ikan mengandung saponin dan terpenoid. Pada akuades, kulit ikan mengandung alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan steroid; tulang ikan mengandung alkaloid; danging ikan mengandung alkaloid, flavoid, dan saponin. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa Pangasius sp. memiliki metabolit sekunder alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, terpenoid, dan steroid.

Dietary of Spirulina Platensis through Feed Against Weight and Length Final, Hepatomatic Indek, and Visceral Organ Profile of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) and Pangasius Sp.

Consumer needs for tilapia and pangasius can be met with high stocking densities in cultivation intensification, large amounts of feed on limited land. Poor management of intensive aquaculture causes leftover feed and faeces to settle to the bottom of the pond, producing high levels of ammonia which inhibits growth. This study aims to increase growth, development of gonads and visceral organs with Spirulina platensis diet. The observation method is used in research with a complete random design, applying 3 treatments and 1 control with 4x replications. Observations included final length and weight, index of hepatosomatic (HSI), and index of visceral somatic (VSI). The results showed that the Spirulina platensis diet increased the final weight and length, HSI of tilapia and catfish significantly, but not significantly to VSI. This shows that the Spirulina platensis diet can be used to increase the growth and development of gonads.

Antimicrobial effect of catfish (Pangasius sp.) meat extract

Catfish (Pangasius sp) is a freshwater fish that contains fatty acids and amino acids. This study explores the antimicrobial ef-fect of catfish meat extract in vitro laboratory experiment with post-test only control group design. The extraction process of fish meat was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The minimum inhibitory concentration test was carried out using the liquid dilution method and the inhibition zone test was carried out using the disc fusion method. The ex-tract concentrations used were 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results showed a cloudy appearance and no inhibi-tion zone in all tubes containing catfish meat extract tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans bacteria. While in the Phorphyromonas gingivalis test, a clear appearance in the tube was found at a concentration of 50%, and an inhibition zone at a concentration of 25%. It is concluded that catfish meat extract has an anti-bacterial effect against P.gingivalis, but has no effect on S.aureus and C.albicans.

DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN JENIS PAKAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP LAJU PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN PATIN (PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS)

This study investigates the effect of different fish feed types on the growth rate of Pangasius sp. The experiment was carried out on Pangasius sp. with a size of 6-8 cm for 28 days. This study uses a randomized design with three different treatments and four repetitions. The treatments include a mix of the pellet feed, kale flour, and only kale flour feed. The results showed that different feed types substantially influenced Pangasius sp. growth in terms of weight and length. The ideal water temperature for Pangasius sp. to grow and develop is 27-29 °C. On the other hand, the optimum temperature was between 24-27 °C for the treatment of pellets and kale flour. The pH levels during the treatment in this study ranged between 7.2 and 8.1.

POTENTIAL LOCAL FOOD MATERIAL BASED ON FLOUR (CATFISH, RED BEANS, AND KEPOK BANANA) AS AN ALTERNATIVE SNACK FOR YOUNG WOMEN WITH ANEMIA

The main nutritional problem experienced by young women is anemia. The prevalence of anemia in productive age (15-49 years) according to WHO in Indonesia in 2019 was 31,2% increase from 2018 which was 30.4%. This happens because young women menstruate every month so that they lose iron ± 1,3 mg per day. Young women also tend to go on a diet, causing reduced intake of nutrients including iron. Therefore, it is necessary to increase iron intake by giving snacks containing iron. The products made aresnack bars based on local ingredients, namely catfish flour Pangasius Sp), red bean flour (Phaseolus vulgaris), and kepok banana flour (Musa acuminata).
 The design of this study is an experimental study with a one-factor Complete Randomized Design (formulation). Product quality analysis includes organoleptic properties, macronutrients, iron, dietary fiber, water content, and omega 3. Organoleptic test using the hedonic test on 3 snack bar formulations with a ratio of catfish flour, red bean flour, kepok banana flour, namely F1 (10%:40%:50%), F2(20%:50%:30%), and F3(30%:30%:40%).
 Based on the results of organoleptic tests by 30 panelists, it was shown that the best formula of catfish, red beans, and kepok bananasnack bar was F2(20%:50%:30%) with panelist ratings of somewhat like 20%, likes 46.7%, and very likes 30.0%, for a total of 96.7%. The nutritional value of the best snack bar for serving doses of 40 grams compared to AKG snack aged 10-15 years, namely energy 123,93 Kcal (62,75%), protein 5,14 grams (85.67%), fat 1,77 grams (26,03%), carbohydrates 21,86 (75.38%), dietary fiber 0,49 grams (17.50%), iron 0,74 mg (61,67%) and omega 3 as much as 69,04 mg (657,52%).

Production of Instant Noodles with The Addition of Catfish Bone (Pangasius sp.)

Processing of catfish in general will produce by-products, mostly heads, viscera, skin, spines, and bones. This study aimed to determine the preference level after the addition of catfish bones (Pangasius sp.) to instant noodles by using a hedonic test and to determine the chemical quality of instant noodles with the addition of catfish bones (Pangasius sp) such as water content, protein content, and calcium The process of making instant noodles was carried out with four treatments of fish bones addition as follows 7%, 10%, and 13%. The processing steps of making instant noodles with the addition of catfish bones begin with receiving raw materials, washing the bones, steaming the bones, smoothing the bones, mixing the dough with the addition of catfish bone, grinding, molding, steaming, slicing and frying. The results of the chemical quality test for water content met Indonesian National Standards SNI 3551-2012 concerning "Instant Noodles" for F1 of 7.52%. The protein content in the F1, F2, and F3 formulations complied with the Indonesian National Standards SNI 3551-2012, and the calcium levels in the catfish bone instant noodles (Pangasius sp.) were able to meet the calcium levels in the F1 356.78, F2 416.81 and F3 565.03. The best formulation of instant noodles with the addition of catfish bones (Pangasius sp.) was obtained in the F3 formulation (13%).

Effects of percentage of aquarium cover on light illumination in influencing growth patterns of Pangasius sp. seeds

This study aims to see the effect of differences in light illumination on the growth pattern of seed catfish (Pangasius sp). The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4 light illumination treatments and 3 replications. The parameters measured in this study were the daily growth rate and growth pattern of seed catfish. The difference in light illumination tested in the study had an influence on the daily growth rate of seed catfish (Pangasius sp). with the best treatment in this study from treatment A namely by providing light illumination of 11 lx provides the best daily growth rate of 5,9 % and continues to increase every week. The growth pattern of the length and weight of a relationship is negative allometric where the value (b) and the determinant coefficient value is lower than 3 which means that the growth of fish seed length affects the body weight gain of seed catfish.

Pharmaceutical Drugs in Aquatic Environment and their Toxic Effect on <i>Pangasius sp.</i> : An Overview

One of the fastest-growing freshwater fish varieties is the Pangasius sp., which has a great capability for production and export growth. When Pangasius sp. is exposed to substances such as diclofenac, phenol, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracycline, even at low environmental exposure levels the fish tissue can develop chronic risk, genetic abnormalities, and histopathological changes. They come into contact with these antibiotics mostly through the discharge of pharmaceutical industry effluents, which contain antibiotic residues that are not been completely eliminated by wastewater treatment, thereby posing environmental concerns when released into aquatic ecosystems. The main objective of this review paper is to study the effect of the concentration of pharmaceutical drugs, farming techniques, and various substitutes for antibiotics that can be utilized to enhance the growth performance of Pangasius sp. Few studies conducted on toxicity demonstrated that increased mucus production in the gills and intestines, histological abnormalities in the liver and skin, and impaired immunoglobulin production have all been linked to sublethal phenol concentrations in fish. The consumption of these contaminated Pangasius sp. can raise various human health concerns. Therefore, exposure of Pangasius sp. to the detrimental pharmaceutical drug from industrial effluent must be held serious concern. Further research is required to conserve human health and the ecosystem.

ANALYSIS OF THE CANVAS MODEL BUSINESS FOR FISH FARMING IN SANGRIANG FARM, TUATUNU SUB-DISTRICT, GERUNGGANG SUB-DISTRICT, PANGKALPINANG CITY

The fish farming business in Pangkalpinang City is growing along with the increasing demand for aquaculture products. Sangriang Farm is a fish farming business engaged in the hatchery and rearing of Gurame ( Osphronemus goramy ), Catfish ( pangasius sp .), Goldfish ( Cyprinus carpio ), Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), and Catfish ( Clarias sp .). This study aims to analyze existing business models and recommend new business models through the Business Model Canvas (BMC). The research method used in this study is a survey method with a case study technique. Analysis of existing conditions reinforced by SWOT analysis resulted in BMC improvements in Channels elements (use of social media, product labels, and packaging), Key Resources (additional human resources, capital, and intensification of cultivation technology), Customer Segments (target consumers of semi-finished processed products and restaurant suppliers), and Revenue Streams (bookkeeping management and product diversification). Implementing the recommendations is expected to increase the business capacity of Sangriang Farm.

Effects of physical treatments on size particle and nutritional properties of bone powder from Pangasius sp

Fishbone (FB) is a nutritionally dense by-product of fisheries processing, which is a good source of Ca and other elements. This study aimed to determine the effect of sonication and water bath treatments on the size and nutritional value of Pangasius bone powder. Pulverized FB was soaked in 40% lime solution (pH 2) under different conditions in a sonicator and water bath for 30 min. and 60 min. at 60 C, and then powdered. The whiteness index (WI), pH, particle and distribution size, proximate and mineral contents of FB powder were investigated. This study showed that sonication treatments were 89.09-89.17 for WI, 6.99-7.14 for pH, 860.15-1029.3 nm for particle size, 3.66-3.95 % for fat, 14.62-16.10 % for protein, 50.48-50.91% for Ca, 14.77-15.08 % for P and water bath treatments were 88.91-88.93 for WI, 7.36-7.43 for pH, 734.5-959 nm for particle size, 3.22-3325 % for fat, 14.78-15.23 % for protein, 50.97-50.95 % for Ca, and 14.97-14.99 % for P. Both showed a mono-modal size distribution and trace amounts of other minerals in all treatments. In conclusion, a 60-minute water bath treatment is a promising method for reducing the particle size of FB powder without significantly altering its nutritional composition.

Study of Genetic Diversity of Native Indonesian Catfish Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the ND1 Gene

One of the native catfish to Indonesia is the baung fish (Hemibagrus). Baung fish are found in rivers in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Java. The catfish population is declining, thus conservation is needed to prevent extinction. To conduct an effective conservation efforts, molecular studies are needed to confirm the fish species from the three islands. Mitochondrial DNA is one of the markers that is often used to see the lineage and kinship of animals for conservation purposes. The purpose of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of the NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit I (ND1) gene catfish from each of these locations, can be used as a genetic marker. Samples were obtained from their natural habitat, namely Magelang (5), Palembang (3), Riau (2), Samarinda (2), 2 from Sintang, and 3 from Banjarmasin. The DNA of the fish sample was then isolated and then used as a template for amplification of DNA fragments using PCR techniques. Amplikon (PCR product) was then purified by gel extraction and then sequenced to determine the DNA sequence. The potential of DNA sequences as catfish genetic markers was proven by analyzing genetic diversity between species using the MEGA version 7.0 program (Kumar et al., 2016). The sequencing results 972 nucleotides composing the ND gene, and found differences in 268 nucleotide sites and 47 amino acid sites. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the ND1 gene, catfish from the Progo river (Magelang, Central Java), the Musi river (Palembang, Sumatra), the Kampar river (Riau), the Kapuas river (Sintang, Kalimantan), the Martapura river (Banjarmasin), the Mahakam river (Kalimantan) is included in the Hemibagrus sp.; catfish from the Elo river (Magelang, Central Java) belongs to the genus Mystus sp.; catfish from the Bengawan Solo river (Bojonegoro, East Java) belongs to the Pangasius sp.

The Effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera in Purifying Pegasius SP Pond Wastewater

Pond water of silver catfish (Pangasius sp) has high color value, turbidity, and organic compound with the color concentration 250 Pt-Co, turbidity 13.5 NTU, and organic concentration 197.56 mg/L. High concentration of color, turbidity, and organic compound in pond water of silver catfish caused the water should be treated. One of the treatment method is chemical treatment with coagulation-flocculation method. Pond water of silver catfish was treated into clean water using powder of Moringa seed (Moringa oleifera) as organic coagulant using coagulation-flocculation method with Jar-Test system. The aim of this research is to purify water with knowing the removal efficiency of color, turbidity, and organic compound by treating pond water of silver catfish using coagulation-flocculation method and determining optimum dose of coagulant. Jar-Test result showed the color removal efficiency as 86.00% in day 1; 90.75% in day 2; and 88.77% in day 3 with 60 ppm as optimum dose. Turbidity removal efficiency was 84,52% in day 1 and 87.80% in day 2 with 60 ppm as optimum dose. Organic compound removal efficiency was 73.87% in day 1; 77.13% in day 2, and 77.29% in day 3 with 60 ppm as optimum dose.

Ammonia reduction by different thickness coral shard filter in cultivation of Catfish (Pangasius sp)

Catfish (Pangasius sp.) is a consumption fish that is quite popular and has a selling value. Fish have tolerance standards for water quantity and quality, so water as a living medium should be managed in aquaculture. One of the water quality parameters that affect the survival of cultured fish is ammonia (NH₃). Ammonia at high concentrations can adversely affect fish, such as reducing the ability of the blood to carry oxygen, damage to body tissues, fish susceptible to disease, inhibiting growth and death. This research aimed to determine the thickness of the coral shard filter, which effectively reduces ammonia (NH₃) in catfish culture. This research was conducted at the Dry Fisheries Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Nusa Cendana. The research started from February 2022 - April 2022. The implementation of this research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely: without coral shards filter (A), treatment using a coral shard filter with a thickness of 5 cm (B), coral shard filter with a thickness of 10 cm (C) and coral shard filter with a thickness of 15 cm (D). Results show that filter coral shards treatment with 5 cm thickness can reduce the concentration of ammonia in the cultivation of fish catfish from a score beginning research of 0.02 mg/L to 0.018 mg/L in the end research.

Performance of Biofloc with Different Carbon Sources on the Growth of Catfish (Pangasius sp.)

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in carbon sources on the growth of catfish (Pangasius sp). The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used were tapioca flour, corn starch, and wheat flour with a dose of 2 g/l carbon source water, 0.01 ml/l probiotics, and 3 g/l salts. The research variables observed were the growth pattern of catfish (Pangasius sp), the number of floc volumes, and water quality. The results showed that the performance of bioflocs with different carbon sources resulted in different daily growth patterns of catfish in each treatment, where the highest daily growth pattern was in the 60th-day tapioca flour treatment reaching 1.96%/day, corn starch treatment 1.57 %/day, and wheat flour treatment 1.74%/day. The results of water quality measurements for each treatment were still in the optimal range for the life and growth of catfish. Ammonia reduction in tapioca flour treatment was 0.57 mg/l, corn starch treatment was 0.36 mg/l, while in wheat flour treatment there was no reduction in ammonia due to low temperature at the end of the study so it interfered with bacterial metabolism in assimilating nitrogen can still be tolerated by catfish (Pangasius sp).

Acceptance Level of Spring Rolls Wrapper with the Addition of Patin Fish (Pangasius Sp) Bone Flour as a Source of Calcium

Patin is a commodity fish that is in great demand from year to year. Utilization of fish bone waste has not been done much. Patin bone waste from the fillet industry can be used as flour. Patin bone flour has a high calcium content. This study aims to determine the percentage of patin fishbone flour in the manufacture of spring roll wrapper which is the most preferred by the panelists. The method used was an experimental method with the addition of patin fishbone flour at 0%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. Observations parameters made were the level of preference including color, taste, aroma, texture and tested using the Friedman test and the Bayes method. The addition of patin fishbone powder to spring roll wrapper was significantly different in aroma and taste, but not significantly different in color and texture. The results showed that the addition of 6% patin fishbone flour was the most preferred treatment by the panelists because it had an alternative value of 7.55.

Pengaruh Penyimpanan Beku Minced Fish Dan Frekuensi Pencucian Terhadap Kualitas Mutu Surimi Dan Kamaboko Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.)

The study aimed to analyze the effect of frozen minced fish storage and washing cycle to the quality of surimi and kamaboko catfish (Pangasius sp). The experimental design used was randomized compact design with treatment of storage time (0,14,28) day and washing cycle treatment (1,2,3, and 4). The results showed that the storage time and washing frequency significantly affect the expressible water, while not significant effect on white duct, folding test and teeth cutting test. The highest values of surimi and kamaboko catfish from each treatment are whiteness test at surimi of 49,27% and 63.55% at kamaboko, folding test with value 7, teeth cutting test 7 and expressible water have the highest value of 35 at kamaboko and has a TVBN value which is still below the decay threshold, which is in the range of 11.295-12.085 mg N/100 g.