Panel Study Of Family Dynamics Research Articles

Association of National Identity and Trust in Government with COVID-19 Vaccination and Brand Choice in Taiwan.

In Taiwan, hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccination centered more on the choice of vaccine brand than on the decision to vaccinate. However, there is limited research exploring the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine brand preferences from a sociopolitical perspective. Thus, we aimed to examine how Taiwanese national identity and trust in government influence vaccination status and vaccine brand choice, using longitudinal data from 2020, 2021, and 2023. This study utilized data from the Taiwan Panel Study of Family Dynamics 2020 survey, and combined it with data from two self-administered surveys conducted in 2021 and 2023. We focused on four vaccines commonly administered in Taiwan: AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and the domestically-developed Medigen. Using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors, we assessed the effects of national identity and trust in government on the choice of COVID-19 vaccine brand. By analyzing data from 2361 participants, we found that national identity and trust in government were associated with the likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination, the number of vaccine doses received, and the brand of vaccine taken. Those who identified themselves as Taiwanese were more inclined to receive the Medigen and AstraZeneca vaccines, but less willing to receive Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Those who trusted the government were more likely to prefer and receive the Medigen vaccine. Conversely, those who didn't trust the government were less likely to prefer Medigen and AstraZeneca vaccines, but were willing to receive Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Vaccine brand preferences and uptake in Taiwan were affected by individuals' national identity and their trust in government. This highlights the critical role of sociopolitical factors in shaping public health strategies.

Living distance and women’s labor force participation: evidence from China

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the living distance between parents and adult children in China. Changes in the living distance may have an impact on women’s employment. Using the data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD), we find that living close to parents has a positive impact on women’s employment. This conclusion still holds after solving endogeneity issues and a series of robustness checks. We also find that the positive impact is more pronounced in rural areas, among women with lower education attainment, and among women whose parents are no longer working or in better health. The underlying mechanism is that the closer the parents and adult children live, the more family support the parents can provide. However, when there are children under 6 years old in the household, living closer to parents does not increase women’s labor force participation.

The trifecta of adulthood: Housing, partnering and childbearing trajectories

Substantial changes in residential transitions and family formation patterns have been observed in Western societies, but less attention has been paid to the de-standardisation of adulthood pathways in East Asian contexts, where unique social, economic and cultural circumstances may produce diverse trajectories that are less explored in existing theoretical and empirical frameworks. Adopting a life course perspective, this study identifies the multi-trajectories of housing, partnering and childbearing across adulthood in Taiwan, a setting marked by high housing costs and low fertility rates. Data from the Taiwanese Panel Study of Family Dynamics 2000–2020 (N = 6,931) were used for group-based trajectory modelling, and mixed-effects multinomial regression was employed to examine the likelihood of group membership given early-life resources and social origin. Six common housing–partnering–childbearing trajectories were identified. The most prevalent living arrangement was living in parental homes (50.7%), followed by rental homes (25%), self-owned homes (15.5%) and dorms or other (8.8%). Union formation generally precedes childbearing, whereas housing transitions may occur at various time points. Young adults’ home-leaving and homeownership access appear to be closely related to their parental backgrounds, such as their parents’ educational attainment and occupational status. Overall, the findings are consistent with the de-standardisation of pathways to adulthood, demonstrating the diversity in adult trajectories and the lack of a single dominant pattern.

Parental Investment on a Socioeconomic Basis: A Comparative Study of Southeast China and Taiwan

Differences in socioeconomic status have long been one of the major contributing factors to household educational investment, which is also a key concern in related research. Utilizing Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) datasets from 2003 to 2004, in this study we examine family investment in children’s education in southeast China and Taiwan, two core economic players in east Asia, with mainland China presenting much more social inequality than Taiwan, based on Gini coefficient measures. Our findings reveal that the different levels of parental investment in education are consistent with socioeconomic disparities, which vary significantly both quantitatively and qualitatively among mainland Chinese families from diverse social class backgrounds, but this gap appears to be narrowing among households in Taiwan. Parents’ level of education and income, deemed as the main class-based indicators, continue to be the determining factors in how families obtain and construct educational access, resources and opportunities for their offspring.

Intergenerational coresidence living arrangements of young adults with their parents in Taiwan: The role of filial Piety

Young adults throughout the world today, including those in Taiwan, are permanently leaving their parents' homes at a much later age compared with their parents' generation, a situation labeled as the failure-to-launch or boomerang generation. What role do filial piety beliefs play in East Asian especially in Chinese societies concerning intergenerational coresidence? Most studies on filial piety have examined older adult children and post-retirement parents, and have not simultaneously considered the viewpoints of both generations, which was investigated by using a two-level nested logit model. A sample of 657 families was selected from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD), conducted in Taiwan from 1999 to 2007. The young adult factors of having fewer economic resources and being unmarried were more important than their parents’ having greater economic resources and other demographic characteristics, and the filial piety beliefs of young adults were less significant, but still associated with intergenerational coresidence.

Couples’ division of labor and fertility in Taiwan

The rise in women’s labor force participation is fundamentally changing the nature and intensity of domestic labor and increasing concerns about the prospects for fertility, particularly in gender-inegalitarian societies. To keep pace with these changes, the gender revolution perspective argues that increasing men’s involvement in the family will reduce burdens on women and facilitate fertility recuperation. This paper investigates the effect of labor sharing on fertility. Using ten waves of data from the Taiwanese Panel Study of Family Dynamics (8,863 couple-wave observations, 1,969 couples), latent class analysis was first used to define a division of labor typology, and mixed-effects models were subsequently estimated to investigate the associations between the division of labor arrangements and fertility behavior. Although the male-breadwinner model prevailed as the most conducive to childbearing, there is an urgent imperative to improve gender equality in domestic labor given the growing trend of dual-earner families. The results highlight the importance of considering couples’ paid and unpaid labor in relation to each other and suggest that gendered divisions of domestic labor have different implications on fertility depending on employment arrangements.

Unemployment only temporarily lowers happiness in an eastern society

AbstractUsing longitudinal data from the Taiwan Panel Study of Family Dynamics between 2007 and 2020, this study investigates how subjective well‐being (SWB) changes before, during, and after unemployment. Consistent with extant findings from Western populations, unemployment significantly lowered SWB. Moreover, the anticipation effect was observed—that is, SWB began to decline years before unemployment. The change pattern in SWB before unemployment in Taiwan is similar to that in Western countries. In addition, men's SWB is more responsive to unemployment than women's. However, SWB declined due to unemployment to a smaller degree in Taiwan than in Western populations. More importantly, in contrast to the findings from Western countries, Taiwanese people's SWB quickly recovered to the baseline after reemployment. Thus, unemployment does not permanently harm Taiwanese people's SWB. Similarly, the self‐esteem of unemployed Taiwanese also quickly recovered after reemployment. This study, therefore, argues that the impact of unemployment on SWB is culturally dependent.

Role modeling or reciprocity? Dyadic intergenerational transfer analysis of efficacy and support

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined intergenerational transmission of family members' mutual support and family efficacy beliefs.BackgroundWhile social exchange theory assumes that reciprocity guides intergenerational transfers, social cognitive theory posits that family efficacy beliefs and behaviors may be acquired from vicarious experiences. This study examined these perspectives and considered cultural context and value orientations.MethodA total of 1061 parent–adult child dyads were drawn from 2018 data of the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (Taiwan). The actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) and path modeling were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for demographic effects, parents' parental efficacy, rather than filial efficacy, was the key contributor to adult children's filial efficacy. No significant association was observed between adult children's and parents' upward support. Considering support type, emotional connection and housework help showed strong positive intergenerational relations. Financial provisions mainly related to filial norms.ConclusionRole modeling had a weak effect; the results are primarily consistent with the reciprocal perspective on intergenerational relations.ImplicationsAlthough family ethics still deeply pervade Taiwanese society, parent–adult child mutual engagement, in addition to resources and demands, seems crucial for perceived family efficacy and mutual support. This study incorporates psychological factors to further explain the relationship between family efficacy and support.

Examining gender differences in predictors of financial satisfaction: Evidence from Taiwan

AbstractGuided by an integrative model of top–down and bottom–up influences on financial satisfaction, this study examines gender differences in the predictors of financial satisfaction in Taiwan. Using the 2016 wave of the panel study of family dynamics (PSFD), gender differences in the extent to which top–down (trait positive and negative affect) and bottom–up (demographic, financial, and social support) factors predicted financial satisfaction were explored within three Taiwanese social contexts: all adults (n = 3593), working adults (n = 2713), and married working adults (n = 1306). Gender differences were observed in all three social contexts. In particular, income (more strongly associated among men than women), education (more strongly associated among women than men), and trait negative affect (more strongly associated among women than men) tended to predict financial satisfaction differently by gender. Trait positive affect predicted financial satisfaction regardless of gender. The present analysis suggests traditional gender roles continue to influence financial satisfaction assessment in Taiwan.

Consistency and Transformation of Filial Responsibility Attitudes in China: Evidence from Panel Study of Family Dynamics of 2004 and 2017

Objective: This study analyzes the trend of change and influencing factors of filial responsibility attitudes in China. Method: The study uses data of Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) conducted in three Southeast regions in China in the year 2004 and 2017. Results: This study has two major findings. First, there was no significant decline in filial responsibility attitudes over the decade in spite of aging tendency. Both Reciprocal Filial Piety (RFP) and Authoritative Filial Piety (AFP) have not declined, with similar trend to men and women. Second, factors affecting filial responsibility attitudes have changed over the 13 years, with the impact of educational attainment and employment declining, while the effect of marital status increasing. Gender heterogeneity in the process was obvious. Conclusion: This study adds to literature on filial piety in Confucian society and provides empirical evidence on the future of cross-cultural filial responsibility attitudes.

The effects of an old-age allowance programme on intergenerational interactions in Taiwan: Heterogeneous effects by adult children’s motives for giving

AbstractThis study examines the effects of an old-age allowance programme in Taiwan, the Senior Citizens Welfare Living Allowance (SCWLA), on intergenerational financial transfers, living arrangements and contact, as well as the heterogeneity of its effects by adult children’s five types of motives for giving: altruism, exchange, reciprocity, affection, and sense of responsibility. Using 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2006 data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics, we employed a difference-in-difference individual fixed effect model to compare the outcomes across the treatment (aged 65 and older) and comparison groups (aged 55 to 64) before and after the introduction of SCWLA. Our results indicate that SCWLA crowds in intergenerational contact but does not significantly change financial transfers and co-residence patterns. The increase in intergenerational contact is primarily driven by adult children having lower motives for giving. This suggests that old-age allowances may reduce financial entanglement between adult children and older parents and change the social norm by raising “low motivators’” awareness, respect and concern for elderly. Providing public transfer to the elderly should not be hampered by the fear of distorting family support functions.

Housing transitions of Taiwanese young adults: intersections of the parental home and housing pathways

In the global context, studies have found that young adults are facing increasing difficulties in accessing homeownership and delaying home-leaving. While the Western literature on housing circumstances among younger generations indicates the importance of family support, in an East Asian context, the family is particularly intertwined with housing arrangements given the cultural heritage of filial piety. To elucidate the dynamics of housing transitions, this paper adopted a holistic approach and used sequence analysis to establish distinct housing pathways in a less studied social context, Taiwan. Drawing on data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics, apart from providing empirical evidence on the emergence of the private rented path and a decline in homeownership associated with housing inequality, this paper explored the diverse housing pathways associated with the principal platform of family support, i.e. the parental home, and found that it may function as both a familisation instrument for young adults seeking independence and negotiating leverage sustaining the filial reciprocity.

Time will tell: Revisiting the impact of college expansion on income and occupational prestige mobility of young adults in Taiwan

AbstractThe paper proposes a counterfactual analysis to estimate the causal effects of college expansion on the changes in income and occupational prestige of young people in Taiwan. The public attributes the rapid expansion of higher education in Taiwan in the mid 1990s as a significant cause of stagnant wage growth and high unemployment rates of college graduates in recent years. The primary concern in evaluating the policy consequences of educational expansion should be on those who would respond to expanded opportunities for education. In this paper, we use the data collected by the Panel Study of Family Dynamics in Taiwan to identify a pre‐expansion cohort and a post‐expansion cohort. We then use the matching method and the difference‐in‐difference (DID) model to estimate the impact of expansion on the changes in income and occupational prestige of three counterfactual groups: ‘always‐takers’, ‘compliers’, and ‘never‐takers’. The results show that the impact of college expansion decreased the advantage of always‐takers and benefited compliers in both income and occupational attainment of their first job. The adverse effects of college expansion suffered by always‐takers disappeared after working for either 10 or 15 years, which fits the prediction of the signalling theory.摘要本研究以反事實分析架構之角度，探討台灣高教擴張對年輕世代之薪資與職業流動的影響。本研究使用臺灣「華人家庭動態資料庫」於2003年及2009年的新增樣本及其後續追蹤調查，先配對並建構出無論高教擴張是否一定會上大學之「必為者」、順應高教擴張而有機會上大學之「順勢而為者」，以及無論高教擴張與否都不會上大學之「必不為者」等三類群體，藉此避免因擴張前後高教人口組成結構不同而無法直接比較的問題。研究結果發現，就順勢而為者言，高教擴張對其初職薪資和職業聲望有著正面影響，且持續到就業十年和十五年後；對必為者而言，高教擴張對其初職薪資和職業聲望有著負面影響，但雖著工作經驗的累積，該負面影響消失。整體而言，本文的研究成果支持訊號論的主張。

Gender-role ideology and height preference in mate selection

This study used Taiwan’s Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) 2016 data to investigate the relationship between gender-role ideology and height preference in mate selection, finding that women prefer a tall partner much more than men prefer a short partner. However, when traditional gender norms prevail, men with a high levels of adherence to gender-role ideology cannot accept a female partner who is either too tall or too short. Men’s height preferences are more responsive to social norms than women’s, while women’s height preferences are more sensitive to their own demographic characteristics than men’s. The tallest and shortest female partners accepted by men with strong traditional gender-role ideology are 2.37 cm shorter and 2.21 cm taller, respectively, than men who disagree with gender norms. In marriage, gender-role ideology is not relevant to partner height, regardless of sex.

Changes in trust and trait anxiety: The mediating role of changes in self-rated health among older adults in Taiwan.

This study examined whether changes in generalized trust and bonding trust are related to changes in trait anxiety, and whether changes in self-rated health mediate the relationship between changes in two types of trust and trait anxiety among older Taiwanese adults. A hierarchical regression model and a mediation model were separately used to analyze two-wave panel data on 763 older adults from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics in Taiwan. Our findings show that changes in bonding trust (but not changes in generalized trust) are associated with changes in trait anxiety. The results show that sustaining a high level of bonding trust is associated with consistently good health, which in turn decreases anxiety. The relationship between changes in bonding trust and trait anxiety was found to be partially mediated by changes in self-rated health among older people. The results suggest that bonding trust is more beneficial for the promotion of self-rated health and reducing trait anxiety than generalized trust in a given context. Policies aiming to ameliorate anxiety among older adults should take into consideration the importance of the developing bonding trust and promoting health in Chinese societies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 833-838.

Assessing wage status transition and stagnation using quantile transition regression

Workers in Taiwan overall have been suffering from long-lasting wage stagnation since the mid-1990s. In particular, there seems to be little mobility for the wages of Taiwanese workers to transit across wage quantile groups. It is of interest to see if certain groups of workers, such as female, lower educated and younger generation workers, suffer from the problem more seriously than the others. This work tries to apply a systematic statistical approach to study this issue, based on the longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) survey conducted in Taiwan since 1999. We propose the quantile transition regression model, generalizing recent methodology for quantile association, to assess the wage status transition with respect to the marginal wage quantiles over time as well as the effects of certain demographic and job factors on the wage status transition. Estimation of the model can be based on the composite likelihoods utilizing the binary, or ordinal-data information regarding the quantile transition, with the associated asymptotic theory established. A goodness-of-fit procedure for the proposed model is developed. The performances of the estimation and the goodness-of-fit procedures for the quantile transition model are illustrated through simulations. The application of the proposed methodology to the PSFD survey data suggests that female, private-sector workers with higher age and education below postgraduate level suffer from more severe wage status stagnation than the others.

ADULT CHILDREN AND THEIR BOOMER PARENTS: THE DYNAMICS OF INTERGENERATIONAL LIVING ARRANGEMENT AND LIFE EVENTS

Taiwan became an aged society in 2018. As Baby Boomers enter late life, relationships with family members gain importance.This research aimed to examine the intergenerational living arrangement between adult children and their baby boomer parents. Taking the perspectives of adult children, five waves of data (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012) from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) were analyzed. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to develop changes types of intergenerational living arrangements. Focus on the life events of the two generations, this research examined the effect on intergenerational living arrangements changes pattern. The main findings are as follow. First, The proportion of intergenerational co-residence is high, especially between adult sons and their parents. There are different types of changes of intergenerational living arrangements. The four types of changes of intergenerational living arrangements for adult sons and daughters are the same: “continuous co-residence,” “continuous non-co-residence,” “from co-residence to non-co-residence,” and “from non-co-residence to co-residence.” Second, Adult children’s life events such as getting married and having children affect changes of intergenerational living arrangements. After marrying, the intergenerational living arrangement between adult children and their parents is inclined to be the “continuous non- co-residence” type. When adult sons have newborn babies, the living arrangement is inclined to be “from co-residence to non-co-residence.”

The labor market impact of relative body weight in Taiwan–a semiparametric analysis

This study investigates the impact of relative body weight on the wage of full-time workers using a semiparametric partially linear model, by age cohort and gender. It defines relative body weight as relative BMI. The data mainly come from the 2004, 2006 and 2008 Panel Study of Family Dynamics of Taiwan. The results of the 2006 wave show that the wage penalty for heavy persons is more significant among women than among men, in both the main and child samples. A penalty for thin persons also appears among young women. These patterns are robust to specifications correcting for endogeneity. Substantial differences in the relative BMI-wage profile between men and women indicate that the findings are consistent with the implication of cultivation theory—society holds different body standards for men versus women. By tracking the same cohort, it finds that the differences are reduced when the males and females both get older.

Effects of changes in family social capital on the self-rated health and family life satisfaction of older adults in Taiwan: A longitudinal study.

The present study assessed the effect of family social capital on self-rated health and family life satisfaction among older adults aged ≥50 years. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the longitudinal data of 1243 older adults from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics in Taiwan. The findings show that, compared with having a poor relationship with parents, respondents who were getting along with their parents have a higher likelihood of reporting good health. Frequent interaction with kin significantly promotes respondents' family life satisfaction. With regard to parental control, there is no evidence of its effect on either health or family life satisfaction. The results suggest that the quality of relationships has limited effect on the health of older adults, whereas frequent interaction with kin contributes to the promotion of their family life satisfaction. Policies aiming to improve health-related quality of life should take into account the importance of a reciprocal relationships and the need to maintain family-focused networks in Chinese culture. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 228-232.

Changes in marital status and links to self-rated health: A study of temporal relationships

This study examines whether self-rated health (SRH) changes predict marital status changes or vice versa, and tests whether changes in trust mediate the relationship between marital transition and SRH change. A logistic regression model and a mediation analysis method are used separately to analyze the longitudinal data on 2,042 respondents from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) in Taiwan. The survey achieves response rates above 70%. The findings show that none of health status at either time point predict the three types of marital transitions including never married to married, married to divorced/separated, and married to widowed. Bonding trust plays a more important role than generalized trust in mediating the adverse effect of remaining widowed status on health change within a context of Confucian culture. Those who maintain a widowed state have a lower likelihood of sustaining high levels of bonding trust, which in turn leads to poor SRH. Hence, the findings provide more support for a social causation hypothesis rather than a health selection hypothesis.