Role modeling or reciprocity? Dyadic intergenerational transfer analysis of efficacy and support

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined intergenerational transmission of family members' mutual support and family efficacy beliefs.BackgroundWhile social exchange theory assumes that reciprocity guides intergenerational transfers, social cognitive theory posits that family efficacy beliefs and behaviors may be acquired from vicarious experiences. This study examined these perspectives and considered cultural context and value orientations.MethodA total of 1061 parent–adult child dyads were drawn from 2018 data of the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (Taiwan). The actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) and path modeling were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for demographic effects, parents' parental efficacy, rather than filial efficacy, was the key contributor to adult children's filial efficacy. No significant association was observed between adult children's and parents' upward support. Considering support type, emotional connection and housework help showed strong positive intergenerational relations. Financial provisions mainly related to filial norms.ConclusionRole modeling had a weak effect; the results are primarily consistent with the reciprocal perspective on intergenerational relations.ImplicationsAlthough family ethics still deeply pervade Taiwanese society, parent–adult child mutual engagement, in addition to resources and demands, seems crucial for perceived family efficacy and mutual support. This study incorporates psychological factors to further explain the relationship between family efficacy and support.